高考沖刺單項選擇的還原解題法

許愿真 2014-05-25

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在英語學習中，我們經(jīng)常會遇到比較難的句子，而英語屬于曲折性語言，它的語句并不總是像漢語“主——謂——賓”那樣排列。因此學生在做題時就丈二和尚摸不著頭腦了。這時，我們可以使用一種很有效的解題方法——還原法，即把原句還原成我們?nèi)菀桌斫獾恼＝Y(jié)構(gòu)。一旦還原，它們之間的相互關(guān)系就一目了然。
一、疑問句還原成陳述句
例：（海淀試題）
-Who are you going to have ___this letter for you?
-My secretary.
A. type B. typed C. been typed D. been typing
解析：本題解題誤區(qū)可能是學生們對完成時的構(gòu)成記憶太清晰而選B。這是一個特殊疑問句，它的語序為：特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句，特殊疑問詞在句中充當成分作用。我們把它還原成陳述句，這樣就可以看出其主語是you，那么who只可以充當have 的賓語，從而構(gòu)成have +O+O.C的基本句型。賓語與賓語補足語在此題中的關(guān)系是主動關(guān)系，表示“讓某人做某事”，其賓補是不帶to的動詞不定式。所以選 A。
評注：在英語中，一般疑問句是倒裝語序，它要借助助動詞提到主語之前，特殊疑問句還要把特殊疑問詞提到句首，這時句中各詞之間的關(guān)系就很難把握，還原之后則一目了然。
1. Who did the teacher ___the article for the wall newspaper?
A. write B. have write C. has written D. have written
這是一個疑問句，現(xiàn)把它改成陳述句，即：The teacher had who write

the article for the wall newspaper. 故答案應(yīng)是B項。
2. Who would you like to have ___the car?
A. repair    B. repaired    C. to repair    D. repairing
還原后應(yīng)是這樣一個句子：You would like to have who (m) repair the car. 答案是A項。3. Is this shop ___sells children’s clothing?
A. which    B. the one that    C. the one    D. the one where.
此句的正常句子為：This shop is the one that sells children’s clothing.答案為B項。
4.–Is this the radio you want _____?
-Yes, it is.
A. to have repaired    B. to have repair
C. to have it repaired    D. to have repaired it
跟上句相似，還原后的句子為This is the radio you want to have repaired. 答案為A.。
二、被動語態(tài)還原成主動語態(tài)
例： (NMET96) The patient was warned ___only food after the operation.
A. to eat not    B. eating not    C. not to eat    D. not eating
解析：本題的誤區(qū)是：同學們非常清楚warn 所構(gòu)成的基本句式是warn sb of sth ; warn sb against sth ; warn sb to do sth ; warn sb not to do sth 。乍看起來本題是考查warn 后跟上什么非謂語動詞，但有沒學過被動語態(tài)的表達式。眾所周知被動語態(tài)是把主動語態(tài)的賓語提到主語位置而形成的因此，我們不妨把它還原成賓語，從而可知該題應(yīng)屬于warn sb not to do sth 句型而選 C. 評注：被動語態(tài)是把主動語態(tài)的賓語作為主語而形成的，這樣在被動語態(tài)中，其賓語就缺少了，從而造成了對動詞搭配而形成的基本句式結(jié)構(gòu)的模糊不清，所以在解決這一類問題時，我們必須把主語還原成賓語構(gòu)成主動語態(tài)，這樣它們之間所形成的搭配關(guān)系就清楚了。
1. He has always insisted on ___Dr Johnson instead of Mr. Johnson.
A. his being called    B. him to be called    C. he be called    D. his calling
Insist on 與動名詞搭配，本句用的是被動結(jié)構(gòu)，我們可以把它還原成主動結(jié)構(gòu)，即：Call him Dr. Johnson instead of Mr. Johnson. 故答案為A項。
2. The question was not as simple as it ____.
A. expected to    B. was expecting to be    C. supposed to be    D. was supposed to be
這個被動句可以改成主動式：(people) expect (suppose ) it to (be simple ). 答案為C項。3. The important news has been heard ____on the radio many times today.
A. broadcasting    B. broadcasted    C. to broadcast   D. being broadcasted
把這個句子還原，得到的主動結(jié)構(gòu)為：broadcast the important news on the radio --- 答案為B項。
4. Though much wrong was ____him, he went on with his research.
A. made    B. laid    C. done    D. put
本句用了一個詞組，do sb much wrong 因而這個句子仍屬于被動結(jié)構(gòu)的還原。答案為C項。
三、感嘆句還原成陳述句
(NMET1993)
______from Beijing to London!
A. How long way it is   B. what a long way is it
C. how long way is it   D. what a long way it is
解析：本題通過感嘆號及題設(shè)可以看出這是對感嘆號句的語序及構(gòu)成的考查，其語序是陳述句的語序，所以不能選B.C.。把它還原成陳述句，即It’s a long way from ….to ….。故選D.
評注：感嘆句的構(gòu)成是為了加強語氣而借助于感嘆詞并提到句首，所以只有把感嘆詞去掉還原成陳述句，才能知其原貌而做出選擇，注意what 與how 之間的轉(zhuǎn)換關(guān)系，一般來說， what 用來修飾名詞（詞組），how 而用來修飾形容詞或副詞。但當形容詞能從名詞詞組中提取出來時也可以用how 。比如：What a long way it is! 變?yōu)镠ow long away it is !
四、定語從句的關(guān)系詞還原
1. I will never forget the great difficulty he has taken ____the house.
A. to paint B. painting C. painted D. being painted
這個句子是定語從句，先行詞是the great difficulty ，關(guān)系詞已經(jīng)省略，說明它充當賓語成分，等同于先行詞，定語從句部分還原后應(yīng)為he has taken the great difficulty painting the house 。故答案應(yīng)是B項。
2. This is the plan you will see ____soon.
A. carried out B. carried on C. carrying out D. carry out
此句仍然是定語從句還原，即：you will see the plan carried out soon 答案為A項. 五、固定詞組搭配還原
1．They look forward with hope ____a chance to receive further education.
A. for getting    B. of getting   C. to getting    D. to get
如果能找到本句的固定詞組，look forward to doing 的話，我們就很容易得出答案為 C 項。
2. The second is connected with the use the body ____food.
A. makes of    B. makes up of    C. makes from    D. makes into
本句的固定詞組是make use of ，當中使用了定語從句和被動關(guān)系，這就增加了此句句子結(jié)構(gòu)的難度。答案為A項。
六、將倒裝句還原為陳述句
Never ___time come back again.
A.      will lose    B. will lost     C. will losing    D. will to lose
先把題干還原為陳述句，__time ___never come back again 可以發(fā)現(xiàn)應(yīng)用lost 作定語，答案是B。該句意為：失去的時間再也不會回來了。
七、將強調(diào)句還原為陳述句
It was for this reason ___her mother moved out of New York and settled in a small village.
A.      which    B. that    C. why    D. how
判斷一個句子是否是強調(diào)句的最佳方法是看去掉It is /was …that 后原句是否完整無缺。此題去掉it was 后，原句變?yōu)镕or this reason her mother moved out of New York and settled in a small village . ，此句仍然準確無誤，所以答案是B。強調(diào)原因狀語For this

reason。
八、將省略句還原為完整句
-What do you think made Mary so sad?
-___her new bicycle.
A. as she lost B. lost C. because of losing D. losing
將答語還原為完整句： ____her new bicycle made Mary so sad?？砂l(fā)現(xiàn)空白處在句子中充當主語，只能用-ing 形式，答案是losing
九、將復(fù)雜句還原為簡單句
Who do you think ___to see us this afternoon?
A. coming B. to come C. come D. will come
此題的do you think 是插入語，增加了句子理解的難度，如果去掉的話，答案則一目了然，this afternoon 暗示用一般將來時，故答案是D。

練習：
1. Whom would you rather ___your bike?
A. repair B. have repaired C. repaired D. have repair
2. Is this place ____you studied ten years ago?
A. that B. in which C. where D. what
3. Time must be made full use of ___hard.
A. work B. working C. to work D. worked
(DCC)