一、名師劃重點 名詞性從句,包括四種從句,即主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句。因為主語、賓語、表語、同位語這四種成分均可以由名詞構(gòu)成,所以這四種從句在主句中都充當(dāng)了名詞的作用,故將這四種從句統(tǒng)稱為名詞性從句。如: ?。?)That she will help me made us happy.(主語從句) (2)I can understand what he said.(賓語從句) ?。?)This is where I was born.(表語從句) (4)The fact that a heavy earthquake happened made me crazy.(同位語從句) 由于這四種名詞性從句的使用規(guī)則幾乎相同,故通常把它們歸為一類,方便學(xué)習(xí)。 二、考法提前知 名詞性從句在高考中考查的頻率很高。有關(guān)于名詞性從句的試題,一般出現(xiàn)在完形填空、語法填空和短文改錯這三大題型中,對名詞性從句的考查主要集中在引導(dǎo)詞的選擇和名詞性從句的時態(tài)、語態(tài)上。 1.考查名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞,通常都是在無提示型的試題中,即試題只給出空格而不給提示詞,讓考生填入恰當(dāng)?shù)囊龑?dǎo)詞。 【例1·語法填空】I didn’t understand why this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation. 此題考查why引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。 【例2·完形填空】But every day, we would sit by the lake, looking at the house and dreaming of what it would be like to live there. 此題考查what引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。 【例3·短文改錯】After looking at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where his parents were missing. 此句中,正確答案為:去掉where,或把where改為that。(that) his parents were missing是一個賓語從句。
2.考查名詞性從句的時態(tài)、語態(tài),通常出現(xiàn)在語法填空和短文改錯這兩大題型中。 【例4·短文改錯】Do you want to know why we move last week?此句中,正確答案為:把move改為moved。why we moved last week是一個賓語從句,當(dāng)名詞性從句的主句是一般現(xiàn)在時時,從句本身的時態(tài)不變。 【例5·語法填空】He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby for other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what was left (leave). 此句中,what was left是一個賓語從句,作介詞with的賓語。因為主句是一般過去時,所以賓語從句也要用一般過去時。
三、破題三步驟 有關(guān)名詞性從句的試題通常都沒有給出提示詞。在題目沒有給出提示詞的情況下,考生要學(xué)會自己分析句子的結(jié)構(gòu)和意思,從而推理出一個正確的名詞性從句。 STEP 1:劃分句子成分,找出名詞性從句。 【例6·語法填空】As natural (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.此句的主語是the Pueblo Indians,謂語動詞是figured out, thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days是一個賓語從句。
STEP 2:根據(jù)句意,將STEP 1中劃分出的名詞性從句的意思翻譯出來,并將其還原成一個原始的句子。該原始的句子可以是陳述句、一般疑問句、特殊疑問句。 以例6為例。根據(jù)句意,此例中劃分出的名詞性從句的意思應(yīng)該為:這些土坯墻需要很厚,才能保證這個熱循環(huán)持久有效。把該名詞性從句還原成一個原始的句子,“這些土坯墻需要有多厚”應(yīng)該是一個特殊疑問句,即“How thick did the adobe walls need to be?”
STEP 3:根據(jù)名詞性從句的規(guī)則(考慮引導(dǎo)詞、時態(tài)、陳述句語序),寫出一個正確的名詞性從句。 仍然以例6為例。在STEP 2中,考生根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句子意思,還原出了一個原始的句子——How thick did the adobe walls need to be,現(xiàn)在考生要根據(jù)名詞性從句的基本規(guī)則(考慮引導(dǎo)詞、時態(tài)、陳述句語序),寫出一個正確的名詞性從句:How thick the adobe walls needed to be。所以,例6空格的正確答案為“how”。
四、規(guī)律巧總結(jié) 要想寫出正確的名詞性從句,考生必須了解名詞性從句的基本規(guī)則。 1.引導(dǎo)詞 (1)若原句是一個陳述句,則變名詞性從句后的引導(dǎo)詞為that。 【例7·短文改錯】 If you notice that when someone is missing or hurt, tell your teacher immediately. 此句中,正確的答案為:去掉when。因為賓語從句someone is missing or hurt是一個陳述句,所以此賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞為that。
(2)若原句是一個一般疑問句,名詞性從句后的引導(dǎo)詞為if/ whether。值得考生注意的是,有些情況不能用if,只能用whether。比如說主語從句置于句首,介詞后的賓語從句,賓語從句中有or not等。 【例8·高考改編題】 the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather. 此題空格的正確答案為“whether”。the delayed flight will take off是一個主語從句,意思為:這趟延誤的航班是否會起飛?該句是一個一般疑問句,變?yōu)橹髡Z從句后應(yīng)該用if/whether來引導(dǎo)。又因為該主語從句置于句首,故只能用whether。 (3)若原句是一個特殊疑問句,則名詞性從句后的引導(dǎo)詞為wh-特殊疑問詞。 【例9·完形填空】Your support is important to our work. What-ever you can do helps.在此句中,whatever引導(dǎo)一個主語從句。 【例10·完形填空】When I handed him the gift card, saying he could use it for whatever his family might need, he burst into tears. 在此句中,whatever引導(dǎo)一個賓語從句。 【例11·短文改錯】This is which other students say. 此題的正確答案為:把which變?yōu)閣hat。在此句中,what引導(dǎo)一個表語從句。 【例12·短文改錯】My uncle is the owner of a resta-urant close to that I live. 此題的正確答案為:把that變?yōu)閣here。在此句中,where引導(dǎo)一個賓語從句。 2.時態(tài) 若主句是一般現(xiàn)在時,則名詞性從句本身的時態(tài)不變;若主句是一般過去時,則名詞性從句的時態(tài)變?yōu)橄鄳?yīng)的過去時態(tài)。 【例13·短文改錯】I thought that it is a good idea. It does not cost much, yet we can still learn a lot.此題的正確答案為:把thought改為think。在此句中,that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句是一般現(xiàn)在時,而主句卻是一般過去時。因為主句的時態(tài)和從句的時態(tài)不一致,所以該句的時態(tài)肯定有問題。從句子所在的上下文來看,該句的主句應(yīng)該使用一般現(xiàn)在時。
3.陳述句語序 名詞性從句,必須使用陳述句語序。 【例14·短文改錯改編題】Where do you suggest should I go?此題的正確答案為:去掉should。where should I go是一個賓語從句,做suggest的賓語,因為名詞性從句要用陳述句語序,所以此句的正確說法為:Where do you suggest I (should) go?
五、好題狂練 1.So we went over and told the flower seller we wanted. A. which B. when C. what D. whether 2.【完形填空】The American dream I believe in now is shared one. It’s not so much about what I can get for myself, it’s about we can all get by together. A. when B. what C. whether D. how 3.【短文改錯】How do you think I should do? 4.【短文改錯】This is which other teachers say. 5.【完形填空】It is often the case anything is possible for those who hand on to hope. A.why B. what C. as D. that 參考答案: 1.(本句的意思為:我走上前去,并且告訴那個賣花人我們想要的東西。what引導(dǎo)一個賓語從句。正確答案為:what) 2.(本句的意思為:我現(xiàn)在信仰的美國夢是一個共同的夢,它不意味著我們能夠得到什么,而是意味著我們?nèi)绾螆F(tuán)結(jié)起來共同渡過難關(guān)。how引導(dǎo)一個賓語從句。正確答案為:how) 3.(把how改為what。本句的意思為:你認(rèn)為我應(yīng)該做什么?what引導(dǎo)一個賓語從句) 4.(把which改為what。本句的意思為:這就是其他老師說的話。what引導(dǎo)一個表語從句) 5.(that引導(dǎo)同位語從句,正確答案為that)
|