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名詞性從句是指在復合句中起名詞作用的句子。名詞性從句在復合句中能作主語、賓語、表語、同位語等，因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能，名詞性從句可分為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。 ★ 主語從句 ★定義 在復合句中作主語的句子稱為主語從句。 常見的連接詞 that, whether, who, what, whatever, whoever, where, when, why, how等。 用法 (1)如果表示一般情況，主句的謂語動詞通常用第三人稱單數(shù)，且主語從句本身的時態(tài)不受主句時態(tài)的影響。 (2)為了避免句子頭重腳輕，通常把形式主語it放在句首，真正主語放在句末。一般常用句型為： ①It is + n. + that從句。 ②It is + adj. + that從句。 ③It is + 過去分詞 + that從句。 ④It turned out that ... ⑤It hit sb. /occurred to sb. that ... 其他 (1)從句的意思完整時用that引導，that在從句中沒有意義且不能省略。 (2)引導置于句首的主語從句時，只能用whether，不能用if。 (3)what, whatever, whoever引導主語從句時，既可在從句中作主語也可作賓語，what還可在從句作表語。 ★ 賓語從句 ★定義 在復合句中，由一個句子作賓語，這個句子就叫作賓語從句。 常見的連接詞 that, whether, if, who, whose, which, when, how, what, why等。 用法 (1) that引導的賓語從句。 ①及物動詞后的連接詞that可省略。 ②that除了在介詞in, except, but, besides后構(gòu)成固定用法外，不可在其他介詞后引導賓語從句。 ③如果賓語后有補足語，要用形式賓語it來代替，而將從句放到補足語的后面去。 ④當一個動詞后有兩個或兩個以上賓語從句時，第一個that可省略，第二個以及其他的that不可以省略?！?/div>
【注】 有些像appreciate, like, dislike, love, hate等表示“喜歡，愛，恨”等心理方面的動詞，其后加上it作形式賓語，再接if/wh-從句作真正的賓語。 (2)whether與if引導賓語從句。 whether與if引導的賓語從句，有“是否”的含義，常用在ask, wonder等動詞之后，二者可以互換。 【注】只能用whether，不能用if的情況： ◆在介詞后面。 ◆在動詞不定式前。 ◆當后面直接跟or not時。 (3)賓語從句的語序要用陳述句語序。 在含賓語從句的復合句中，不管主句是陳述句還是疑問句，從句一律是用“連接詞＋陳述句語序”，其標點符號由主句來決定。 (4)時態(tài)一致性。 ①若主句時態(tài)是現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，賓語從句的時態(tài)可根據(jù)實際情況而定。 ②若主句是過去時態(tài)，賓語從句的時態(tài)通常也用過去時態(tài)。 ★ 表語從句 ★定義 在復合句中，由一個句子作表語，這個句子就叫作表語從句。 常見連接詞 that, whether, as though/as if, because, who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever等。 用法 (1)可以接在be, look, remain, seem等連系動詞后面。 (2)表語從句用陳述語序。 (3)This is because ...意為“這是因為……”，指原因或理由；This is why ...意為“這就是為什么……；因此……”，指由于各種原因所造成的后果。 其他 (1) that在表語從句中通常不可省略。 (2)引導表語從句時，用whether，不用if。 ★ 同位語從句 ★定義 在復合句中充當同位語的句子。同位語從句用來對其前面的抽象名詞進行解釋說明，被解釋說明的詞和同位語在邏輯上是主表關(guān)系。 常見連接詞 that, whether, what, who, how, when, where等。 用法 (1)that引導的同位語從句： ①that引導同位語從句時，從句為一個句意完整的陳述句。 ②that在從句中不充當句子成分，沒有具體的意思，只起連接作用，但不能省略。 (2)whether引導同位語從句時不能與if互換。 (3)有時同位語從句可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后，而被別的詞語隔開。 ★ 目標訓練 ★將下列句子轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞性從句，每空一詞。 1. Foreigners seem increasingly interested in learning Chinese culture. → foreigners are increasingly interested in learning Chinese culture. 2. Cherry told me the computer games had affected her son. → Cherry told me the computer games had affected her son. 3. The factory in our town will have to close. What a shock to us all! → is a shock to us all the factory in our town will have to close. 4. Peter felt upset because he failed the test yesterday. → Peter failed the test yesterday. he felt upset. → The reason why Peter felt upset was he failed the test yesterday. 5. Joe suggested that we should have a further discussion about the final decision, which sounded very important. → Joe’s suggestion we should have a further discussion about the final decision sounded very important. 6. No one is allowed to copy or use it without permission, but Carl broke the rule. → Carl broke the no one is allowed to copy or use it without permission. 7. “Did your father’s bad attitude make you unhappy?” I asked her. → I asked her her father’s bad attitude her unhappy. 8. Do you know why your sister is so sad these days? → Do you know makes your sister so sad these days? 9. Helping people in trouble to get out of their sufferings is our duty. → people in trouble to get out of their sufferings. 10. When we shall have our meeting is still a question. → we shall have our meeting. 11. His invention has greatly changed the way people communicate with each other. → has greatly changed the way people communicate with each other. 12. Obviously, without the help of the whole society, there would be no new school buildings. → without the help of the whole society, there would be no new school buildings. key： 1. It seems that 2. What; is that 3. It; that 4. That is why; that 5. that 6. rule that 7. whether; had made 8. what 9. What’s our duty is helping 10. It is still a question when 11. What he invented 12. It is obvious that |
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來自： 昵稱32937624 > 《待分類》
