名詞性從句包括主語(yǔ)從句,賓語(yǔ)從句,表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句四種。名詞性從句連接詞的選擇是考查的重點(diǎn)。名詞性從句連接詞的選擇可從連接詞在從句中的作用(即成分)和意義兩個(gè)方面入手:一是連接詞在從句中作不作成分,如果作成分,作什么成分;二是連接詞在從句中有無(wú)意義,如有意義,是何意義。具體見(jiàn)下表: | | | | | | | | | | 主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ) | (無(wú)論)什么/哪一個(gè)/誰(shuí)、誰(shuí)的、多少 | | | (無(wú)論)何時(shí)/何地/怎樣、為什么,因?yàn)?/span> | that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí),在從句中不作成分,也沒(méi)有任何意義。1. While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence __________ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. (2019全國(guó)I)【解析】句意:雖然在北緯88度以北它們較為罕見(jiàn),但是有證據(jù)表明,它們的活動(dòng)范圍延伸到北極,向南延伸至加拿大的詹姆斯灣。there is evidence是一個(gè)there be句型,后面又是一個(gè)句子,所以空白處應(yīng)填連詞;這是一個(gè)同位語(yǔ)從句,連接詞在從句中不作成分,也沒(méi)有意思,所以用that引導(dǎo)。2. It is possible _________ caffeine may cause birth defects (缺陷) in humans, too. (2018浙江)【解析】句意:咖啡因也有可能嬰兒一出生就帶有缺陷。這是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。it是形式主語(yǔ),真正的主語(yǔ)是后面的從句,所以這是一個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句,連接詞在從句中不作成分,也沒(méi)有意義,故填that。3. The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ___________ one can be entirely free from dust.【解析】句意:雨季最?lèi)芤獾氖虑榫褪侨藗兛梢赃h(yuǎn)離塵土。這是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。連接詞引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句,在從句中不作成分,也沒(méi)有意義,故填that。4.It is believed ____________ children should learn to be responsible from the very beginning.【解析】句意:人們認(rèn)為,小孩子從小就要學(xué)會(huì)承擔(dān)責(zé)任。這是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。it是形式主語(yǔ),真正的主語(yǔ)是后面的從句,所以這是一個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句,連接詞在從句中不作成分,也沒(méi)有意義,故填that。5. I truly believe ______ beauty comes from within.【解析】句意:我確實(shí)認(rèn)為美來(lái)自?xún)?nèi)在。這是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。連接詞引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,在從句中不作成分,也沒(méi)有意義,故填that。6. The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief _____ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.【解析】句意:取得成功的唯一辦法就是要有堅(jiān)定的信念:相信你在賽場(chǎng)上比其他任何人都棒。這是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。連接詞引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句,在從句中不作成分,也沒(méi)有意義,故填that。if/whether引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí),在從句中不作成分,但表示“是否”之意。1. It remains to be seen __________ the newly formed committee’s policy can be put into practice.【解析】句意:新成立的委員會(huì)的政策能否付諸實(shí)施還有待觀察。這是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。it是形式主語(yǔ),真正的主語(yǔ)是后面的從句,所以這是一個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句。連接詞在從句中不作成分,但表示“是否”之意,故填whether。2. We’ve offered her the job, but I don’t know __________ she’ll accept it. 【解析】句意:我們已經(jīng)給予她這項(xiàng)工作,不過(guò)不知道她是否接受。這是一個(gè)并列復(fù)合句。連接詞在第二個(gè)分句中引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,在從句中不作成分,但表示“是否”之意,故填入whether或if。 注意:if與whether引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的區(qū)別:1. 主語(yǔ)從句置于句首時(shí),用whether引導(dǎo),不用if。例如: ________ the buildings in this area should be pulled down has remained controversial; people are still looking for other possible solutions.【解析】句意:這里的大樓是否要推倒仍然有爭(zhēng)議,人們?nèi)匀辉趯ふ移渌赡艿慕鉀Q方法。這是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。連接詞引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句,在從句中不作成分,但表示“是否”,主語(yǔ)從句在句首,應(yīng)用whether,不能用if。2. if不能引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。3. 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),if與whether通??梢曰Q,但在下列情況只用whether,不用if:1. We haven’t settled the question of __________ it is necessary for him to study abroad.【解析】句意:他是否需要出國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)這個(gè)問(wèn)題我們還沒(méi)有解決。這是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。連接詞引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,作介詞of的賓語(yǔ)。連接詞在從句中不作成分,但表示“是否”,故填whether。2. It doesn’t matter _________you turn right or left at the crossing—both roads lead to the park.【解析】句意:連接詞引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句后置,在從句中不作成分,但表示“是否”之意,故用whether。if也可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,表示“是否”,但不能與or或or not連用。3.what(ever)/which(ever)/who(ever)等引導(dǎo)名詞性從句What(ever)/which(ever)/who(ever)等引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí),在從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ),并分別表示“(無(wú)論)什么/哪一個(gè)/誰(shuí)”等意思。1. I'm not sure ____________ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla (大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere. (2018全國(guó)卷III)【解析】句意:我不知道誰(shuí)更害怕,是我呢還是突然銷(xiāo)聲匿跡的母大猩猩。這是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。主句是I'm not sure,后面是賓語(yǔ)從句,在賓語(yǔ)從句中又包含一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞在從句中作主語(yǔ),且表示“誰(shuí);哪一個(gè)”,故填who或which。2. This is _________ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.【解析】句意:這就是我父親教給我的——永遠(yuǎn)用最好的心情面對(duì)困難。這是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。連接詞引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句,并在從句中作賓語(yǔ),表示“什么”,故填what。3. The gold medal will be awarded to ___________ wins the first place in the bicycle race.【解析】句意:金牌將授予任何在自行車(chē)比賽中獲得第一名的人。這是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。連接詞引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,作介詞to的賓語(yǔ),并在從句中作主語(yǔ),表示“無(wú)論誰(shuí)”,故填whoever。4. As many as five courses are provided, and you are free to choose ______ suits you best.【解析】句意:提供的課程多達(dá)五門(mén),你可以任意選擇最適合你的。連接詞引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,并在從句中作主語(yǔ),因有選擇的范圍as many as five courses,故填whichever,表示“無(wú)論哪一個(gè)”。5. Your support is important to our work. ______ you can do helps.【解析】句意:你的幫助對(duì)我們很重要。無(wú)論你做什么對(duì)我們都有幫助。這是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。連接詞引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句,并在從句中作主語(yǔ),表示“無(wú)論什么”,故填whatever。4. when(ever)/where(ver)/how(ever)/why等引導(dǎo)名詞性從句when(ever)/where(ver)/how(ever)/why等引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí),在從句中作狀語(yǔ)(有時(shí)也可作表語(yǔ)),表示“(無(wú)論)何時(shí)/何地/怎樣/為什么”等意義。1. What students do at college seems to matter much more than _________ they go. (2019北京)【解析】句意:學(xué)生在大學(xué)里做什么似乎比他們上什么大學(xué)更重要。這里是前面的主語(yǔ)從句What students do at college相比較,連接詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),故填where。2. As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly _________ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.(2015全國(guó)II) 【解析】句意:作為天然的建筑師,印第安人精確地算出了土坯房需要多厚的墻才能使這一循環(huán)過(guò)程在大部分時(shí)間持續(xù)下去。這是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。連接詞引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,并在從句中作狀語(yǔ),表示“多么”,故填how。3. By boat is the only way to get here, which is _______ we arrived.【解析】句意:去那里的唯一途徑就是坐船,我們就是坐船到那的。這是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中又包含一個(gè)表語(yǔ)從句。連接在表語(yǔ)從句中作方式狀語(yǔ),表示“怎樣”,故填how。4. Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing _______ she was heading.【解析】句意:簡(jiǎn)沿著樹(shù)木掩映的街道漫無(wú)目的地走著,不知該去何方。這是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。Not knowin后面是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句。連接詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),故填where。5. The best moment for the football star was _______ he scored the winning goal.【解析】句意:對(duì)這個(gè)足球明星來(lái)說(shuō),最激動(dòng)人心的時(shí)刻就是他踢進(jìn)致勝的一球的那一刻。這是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。連接詞引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句,并在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),故填when。1. His writing is so confusing that it’s difficult to make out _________it is he is trying to express.【解析】to make out后接一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句,連接詞在從句中作express的賓語(yǔ),且表示“什么”,故填what。2. Every year, __________ makes the most beautiful kite will win a price in the Kite Festival.【解析】句意:每年,任何做出最漂亮的風(fēng)箏的人都會(huì)在風(fēng)箏節(jié)上獲獎(jiǎng)。這是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。連接詞引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句,并在從句中作主語(yǔ),表示“無(wú)論誰(shuí)”,故填whoever。3. Without his support, we wouldn’t be _________ we are now.【解析】這是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。連接詞引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句,并在從句中作表語(yǔ),表示“所處境況”,故填where。4. Mr Wang wanted to know __________ place would be the most enjoyable for the whole family.【解析】這是一個(gè)含有賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句,連接詞在從句中作定語(yǔ),表示“哪一個(gè)”,故填which。5. Our teachers always tells us to believe in __________ we do and who we are if we want to succeed. 【解析】連接詞引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,并在從句中作do的賓語(yǔ),表示“什么”,故用what。6. As many as five courses are provided, and you are free to choose ________ suits you best.【解析】連接詞引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,并在從句中作主語(yǔ),因有選擇的范圍as many as five courses,故填whichever,意為“無(wú)論哪一個(gè)”。7. There is much truth in the idea _______ kindness is usually served by frankness.【解析】這是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。 the idea后是個(gè)引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句,連接詞在從句中不作成分,也無(wú)意義,故填that。8. It doesn’t matter ________ you pay by cash or credit card in this store.【解析】這是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。whether引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句后置,whether在從句中不作成分,表示“是否”。后有or,不能用if。9. When the news came _______ the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army.【解析】the news后接一個(gè)后置的同位語(yǔ)從句,連接詞在從句中不作成分,也無(wú)意義,故填that。10. It is still under discussion ________ the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.【解析】由后面的or not可知,應(yīng)填whether。11. The manager put forward a suggestion _________ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.【解析】這是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。連接詞引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句,在從句中不作成分,也沒(méi)有意義,故填that。句意:經(jīng)理提出一個(gè)建議:我們應(yīng)該聘一個(gè)助手。因?yàn)橛刑嗟氖虑橐觥?/span>12. Modern science has given clear evidence ______ smoking can lead to many diseases. 【解析】evidence后接一個(gè)后置的同位語(yǔ)從句。連接詞在從句中不作成分,也無(wú)意義,故填that。▍ 來(lái)源:綜合網(wǎng)絡(luò)
|