狀語從句

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請看下面的句子：

1.He works hard.

2.He’s in need of money.

He works hard because he’s in need of money.他勤奮工作，因為他需要錢。

1.2 都是完整獨(dú)立的簡單句，兩者都有因果關(guān)系。缺錢是工作的原因，于是用表示原因的連接詞because加在2前。

狀語從句：狀語從句主要用來修飾主句或主句的謂語。一般可分為九大類分別表示時間、地點、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、比較和方式

考點：狀語從句的關(guān)鍵是要掌握引導(dǎo)不同狀語從句的常用連接詞和特殊的連接詞即考點。

一、時間狀語從句

1. 時間狀語從句中常用的引導(dǎo)詞

2. 注意：when, while和as的區(qū)別

(1) when引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語動詞可以是延續(xù)性的動詞，又可以是瞬時動詞。并且when有時表示'就在那時'。

When she came in, I was eating. 她進(jìn)來時，我在吃飯。(瞬時動詞)

When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.當(dāng)?shù)淖≡谵r(nóng)村時，我常常為他擔(dān)水。(延續(xù)性的動詞)

We were about to leave when he came in.我們就要離開，就在那時他進(jìn)來了。

(2) While引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語動作必須是延續(xù)性的，并強(qiáng)調(diào)主句和從句的動作同時發(fā)生(或者相對應(yīng))。并且while有時還可以表示對比。例如:

While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. (was reading是延續(xù)性的動詞，was reading和was watching同時發(fā)生)

I like playing football while you like playing basketball.我喜歡踢足球，而你喜歡打籃球。(對比)

(3) As表示'一邊…一邊'，as引導(dǎo)的動作是延續(xù)性的動作，一般用于主句和從句動作同時發(fā)生;as也可以強(qiáng)調(diào)'一先一后。

We always sing as we walk.我們總是邊走邊唱。(as表示'一邊…一邊')

As we was going out, it began to snow.當(dāng)我們出門時，開始下雪了。(as強(qiáng)調(diào)句中兩個動作緊接著先后發(fā)生，而不強(qiáng)調(diào)開始下雪的特定時間)

3. 狀語從句與主句的時態(tài)問題

(1)由when、while引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句的時態(tài)： （主過從過）

主句（過去進(jìn)行時）+when +從句（一般過去）

主句（一般過去時）+when +從句（過去進(jìn)行時）

主句（一般過去時）+while +從句（過去進(jìn)行時）

主句（過去進(jìn)行時）+while +從句（過去進(jìn)行時）

注意：看動詞為短暫性動詞用一般過去時，動詞為延續(xù)性動詞則用過去進(jìn)行時。

Mother was cooking supper when I got home yesterday.

Last Sunday I met Lin Hong when I was walking in the street.

When the students were having a meeting, the teacher came in.

While Han Meimei was sweeping the floor, Lucy was carrying water.

(2)由before和after引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句的時態(tài)：

Before從句動作發(fā)生在主句之后。

After從句動作發(fā)生在主句之前。

It will be four days before they come back.

他們要過四天才能回來。

My father had left for Canada just before the letter arrived.

我父親恰好在信到之前去加拿大了。

After you think it over, please let me know what you decide.

你仔細(xì)考慮過以后，告訴我你是怎樣決定的。

After we had finished the work, we went home.

完成工作之后，我們回家了。(從句用過去完成時，主句用一般過去時)

(3) since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句的時態(tài)：

表示自過去的一個起點時間到目前(說話時間)為止的一段持續(xù)時間。主句一般用現(xiàn)在完成時，從句用一般過去時。但在It is +時間+since從句的句型中，主句多用一般現(xiàn)在時。

It is four years since my sister lived in Beijing. 我妹妹不在北京住有四年了。

Mr Green has taught in that school since he came to China three years ago.

自格林先生來中國以來，他就在這所學(xué)校教書。

(4) by the time所在句子的主句應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時或過去完成時

By the time he gets there, his father has already gone.

他到家的時候，他爸爸已經(jīng)走了。

By the time I got to school, the class had already begun.

我到校時，已經(jīng)開始上課了。

條件狀語從句

在英文中，條件是指某一件事情實現(xiàn)之后（狀語從句中的動作），其它事情（主句中的動作）才能發(fā)生。連接詞主要有:

if如果

unless除非，若不，除非在……的時候

as/so long as只要, 等。

1.If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we will go hiking.

如果明天不下雨, 我們就去遠(yuǎn)足。

2.You will get good grades if you study hard.

如果你努力學(xué)習(xí),就會取得好成績。

3.You will be late unless you leave immediately.

如果你不馬上走，你將會遲到的.(=If you don't leave immediately, you will be late.)

I don't care so [as] long as she lets me be with her son.

只要她讓我和她兒子在一起，我不在乎。

用條件狀語從句時要注意：從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時，主句是一般將來時。

地點狀語從句

引導(dǎo)地點狀語從句的連詞有where(在…..地方)，wherever(無論哪里，在任何地方)，everywhere(每一…...地方，到處)，anywhere(任何地方)，where總是放在主句后，絕不提前。

Where I live there are plenty of trees.
我住的地方樹很多。
Wherever I am I will be thinking of you.
不管我在哪里我都會想到你。

where引導(dǎo)的定語從句與狀語從句區(qū)別：

Go back where you came from.你從何處來到何處去。（地點狀語從句）

Go back to the place where you came from.回到你來的那個村子里去。（定語從句）

原因狀語從句

由連詞because, since, as引導(dǎo)（語氣：because>since>as）, 也可由for, now that 等詞引導(dǎo)

1.I didn't go to school yesterday because I was ill.

我昨天沒去上學(xué)，因為我生病了。

2. Since everybody is here, let's begin our meeting.

既然大家都來了, 讓我們開始開會吧.

3. As you are in poor health, you should not stay up late.

既然你身體不好, 你就不該熬夜.

4.I asked her to stay to tea, for I had something to tell her.

我請她留下來喝茶,因為我有事要告訴她.

5. Now that the children have cleaned up, you can let them go.

孩子們已經(jīng)梳洗了，你可以讓他們走了。

難點--because , since , as , for,辨析

1) because語勢最強(qiáng)，用來說明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的問題。當(dāng)原因是顯而易見的或已為人們所知，就用as或 since。語氣：because>since>as

I didn't go, because I was afraid.

Since / As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.

2) 由because引導(dǎo)的從句如果放在句末，且前面有逗號，則可以用for來代替。但如果不是說明直接原因，而是多種情況加以推斷，就只能用for。

He is absent today, because / for he is ill.

He must be ill, for he is absent today.

目的、結(jié)果狀語從句

目的狀語從句：從句部分是用以補(bǔ)充說明主句中謂語動詞發(fā)生的目的的狀語從句。

目的狀語從句由連詞that, so that, so…that , in order that 引導(dǎo)。

1so…that如此…以至于

He always studied so hard that he made great progress.

他總是那么努力，所以他取得了很大的進(jìn)步。

2. so that 以至于, 以便于

I'll run slowly so that you can catch up with me. (目的)

我將慢慢跑以至于你能趕上我。

3. such…that 如此…以至于

It's such nice weather that all of us want to go to the park.

天氣是如此的好，我們大家都想去公園玩。

4. in order that=so that:為了

We shall let you know the details soon in order that you can/may make your arrangements.

不久我們將會讓你知道詳情,以便你們能夠做出安排。(目的)

5.比較:so和 such

其規(guī)律由so與such的不同詞性決定。such 是形容詞，修飾名詞或名詞詞組，so 是副詞，只能修飾形容詞或副詞。 so 還可與表示數(shù)量的形容詞many, few, much, little連用，形成固定搭配。

so foolish /such a fool

so nice a flower /such a nice flower

so many / few flowers. such nice flowers

so much / little money. such rapid progress

so many people /such a lot of people

so…that與such…that之間的轉(zhuǎn)換既為 so與such之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。

The boy is so young that he can't go to school.

He is such a young boy that he can't go to school

so+形容詞或副詞

So+adj+a(an)+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞

so +many 或few+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 +that

so+much或 little+不可數(shù)名詞

so that, such…that 都可以in order that兩者皆可引導(dǎo)目的地狀語從句和結(jié)果狀語從句，當(dāng)他們引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句時，從句的謂語里常常有can, could, may, might, will, would等詞。

so +adj或adv.+ that， such +n.+ that 以上兩種句型都表示結(jié)果,其中so為副詞,后接形容詞，副詞原型，當(dāng)可數(shù)名詞前有many, few;不可數(shù)名詞前有much, little修飾時，應(yīng)采用句型:so many (few, much, little )+n.。

such為形容詞, 后只能接名詞。這名詞既可以地可數(shù)的，也可以是不可數(shù)的。如果這名詞是可數(shù)的，則必須在名詞前加不定冠詞a(an). 常見的形式是:such a (beautiful)garden, such(nice)people.

It is such nice weather that I'd like to take a walk.

天氣是如此只好，以致于我想去散散步。

Mike is so honest a man that we all believe him.

麥克是如此誠實的一個人，以致于大家都相信他。

讓步狀語從句

讓步狀語從句，是指狀語從句中的一種，其本身也是狀語從句。一般翻譯為“盡管……”或“即使……”，就是我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪杏玫摹巴艘徊秸f…”的感覺。常用的引導(dǎo)詞是：though，although， even if，even though； no matter+疑問詞，疑問詞+ever

1. though, although當(dāng)“雖然”講, 都不能和but連用. Although, (though)…but的格式是不對的，但是他們都可以同yet (still) 連用. 所以thought (although)…yet(still)的格式是正確的。

Wrong: Although he is rich but he is not happy.

Right : Although he is rich, yet he is not happy.

雖然他很富有，然而他并不快樂。

Right : Although we have grown up, our parents treat us as children.

Right : Although we have grown up, our parents still treat us as children.

盡管我們已經(jīng)長大了，可是我們的父母仍把我們看作小孩。

Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.

= Though he tries hard, he never seems…

雖然他盡了努力，但他的工作總做的不盡人意。

2. ever if, even though. 即使

We'll make a trip even though the weather is bad.

3. whether…or- 不管……都

Whether you believe it or not, it is true.

4. 'no matter +疑問詞' 或'疑問詞+后綴ever'

No matter what happened, he would not mind.

Whatever happened, he would not mind.

替換: no matter what = whatever

no matter who = whoever

no matter when = whenever

no matter where = wherever

no matter which = whichever

no matter how = however

比較狀語從句

比較狀語從句主要運(yùn)用于形容詞和副詞的原級，比較級及最高級的句子之中。

原級比較

1. as…as 和…一樣

Jack is as tall as Bob.

捷克和湯姆一樣高。

2. not so(as)…as …和不一樣

She is not so(as)outgoing as her sister.

她不如她姐姐外向。

比較：more…than (更)

This book is more instructive than that one.

這本書比那本書由教育意義。

最高級

1.The most…in/of

This book is the most interesting of the three.

這本書是三本中最有趣的。

2. the + 形容詞+est…of/in

This road is the busiest street in our city.

這條路是我們城市最繁忙的街道。

方式狀語從句

方式狀語從句通常由as(按照)， as if,，as though引導(dǎo)。

1. as, 引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句通常位于主句后，這時as從句帶有比喻的含義，意思是'正如…'，'就像'，多用于正式文體，例如:

Always do to the others as you would be done by.

你希望人家怎樣待你，你就要怎樣待人。

2. as if, as though

兩者的意義和用法相同，引出的狀語從句謂語多用虛擬語氣，表示與事實相反，有時也用陳述語氣，表示所說情況是事實或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的可能性較大。漢譯常作'仿佛……似的'，'好像……似的'，例如:

They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed.

他們完全忽略了這些事實，就仿佛它不存在似的。(與事實相反，謂語用虛擬語氣。)

He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting.

他那樣子就像被雷擊了似的。(與事實相反，謂語用虛擬語氣。)

It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.

看來天氣很快就會好起來。(實現(xiàn)的可能性較大，謂語用陳述語氣。)

[說明]as if / as though也可以引導(dǎo)一個分詞短語、不定式短語或無動詞短語，例如:

He stared at me as if seeing me for first time.

他目不轉(zhuǎn)睛地看著我，就像第一次看見我似的。

He cleared his throat as if to say something.

他清了清嗓子，像要說什么似的。

The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger.

波濤沖擊著巖石，好像很憤怒。