高考英語語法With的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)學(xué)習(xí)精析

書法初步 2016-03-13

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高考英語語法With的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)學(xué)習(xí)精析

With復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),是由with+賓語+賓補組成，在句中常做狀語，如伴隨、時間、原因、方式狀語等。

典型例題

The murder was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back。

A. being tied　 B. having tied　　C. to be tied　　D. tied

答案D. with +名詞（代詞）+分詞+介詞短語結(jié)構(gòu)。當(dāng)分詞表示伴隨狀況時，其主語常常用with來引導(dǎo)。

由于本句中名詞'手'與分詞'綁'是被動關(guān)系，因此用過去分詞，選D.

第一類.with +名詞/代詞+現(xiàn)在分詞(doing)

The teacher came in with some of his students following him .

老師走了近來,后面跟著幾個他的學(xué)生.

With the boy leading him the way , the old man had no trouble finding his old friend’s house .由于有小男孩給他引路,這位老人毫不費力地找到了他老朋友的家.

用with翻譯句子或填空．

1.He lied on the chair , with a newspaper ________ (cover) his face.

答案. covering

2.He was taken to hospital, ____________________ ( 腿在流血bleed).

答案. with his leg bleeding

3.I told her the bad news, ______________ (心跳動beat地厲害).

答案.with her heart beating fast

第二類：with +名詞/代詞+過去分詞(done)

過去分詞和前面的名詞或代詞是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系。

With my homework finished(=After I finished my homework)，I went fishing with my father.

1)I sat in my room for a few minutes with my eyes fixed on the ceiling.

我在房間坐了一會兒，眼睛盯著天花（伴）

2) She had to walk home with her bike stolen.

自行車被偷，她只好步行回家。（原）

3)He had to walk to the school with his bike broken .

自行車壞了,他不得不步行上學(xué).

例題

The fellow stood there, _____________________ (雙手交叉cross在背后)

答案with his hands crossed behind her back

第三類：with +名詞/代詞+不定式(to do)

此時，不定式表示將發(fā)生的動作。

With the boy to lead the way，we will find the house easily tomorrow.

1) With no oneto talk to, John felt upset.

由于沒人可以說話的人，約翰感到很焦慮。

2) With a lot of work to do, he wasn't allowed to go out.

因為還有很多工作要做，他沒有被允許外出。

3) He was left alone , with no oneto look after him .

他被單獨留下,無人照顧.

典型例題：

1)With a lot of difficult problems ________,the newly-elected president is having a hard time．

A.settled B.settlingC.to settle D.being settled

答案C

這是一個with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu).動詞不定式to settle做定語表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)硪鉀Q的難題；

過去分詞settled作定語表示已經(jīng)解決的難題；現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式being settled作定語表示正在被解決的難題.

所提供的語境the newly-elected president is having a hard time說明新任總統(tǒng)現(xiàn)在和將來都有難以解決的問題,

所以要用to settle作定語.這句話的意思是“有很多難題要解決,新任總統(tǒng)的日子不好過.”

2). ________two exams to worry about , I have to work really hard this weekend.

A. Besides B. With C. As for D. Because of

[解析] 答案 B。這道題也是考查介詞with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)用法的。從句子的結(jié)構(gòu)看這里必須要填一個介詞，而不能填連詞，“as for” 意思是“至于、關(guān)于”；because of意思是“由于、因為”，其后不能跟復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，所以不能選擇C和D。在所給的選項中只有with才符合構(gòu)成“ with + n / pron + to do ”結(jié)構(gòu)。句意是：由于擔(dān)心這兩門考試，本周末我得真的用功了

3)______so much homework to do , I won't have time to go to see the film tonight.

A. With B. To C. For D. In

[解析] 答案A。這里用介詞 with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語表示原因，而to、for、in則沒有這種復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)用法，故排除B、C、D，答案是B。句意是：由于有許多家庭作業(yè)要去做，今晚我沒有時間去看電影了。

第四類.with+名詞(或代詞)+介詞短語

Do you know the woman with a baby in her arms(=who has a baby in her arms)?

1) With the children at school, we can't take our vacation when we want to.

由于孩子們在上學(xué)，所以當(dāng)我們想度假時

而不能去度假。（原）

2) The soldier had him stand with his back to his father.

士兵讓他背朝著他的父親站在那兒。（方）

介詞with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)相關(guān)的高考試題：

3). _________ production up by 60 % , the company has had another excellent year.

A. As B. For C. With D. Through

[解析] 答案 C。本題考查介詞with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)“with + n / pron + prep. phrase(介詞短語)”的用法?！癮s”作為連詞，意為“因為、由于”，其后必須跟從句；作為介詞，意為“作為”，從語法和句意方面都不能用。而for和through在這里從語法和句意方面也不能用。在這里應(yīng)用with，意思是“因為、由于”。句意是：由于生產(chǎn)（產(chǎn)品）上升了60% ，這家公司又有了一個輝煌年。

第五類.with+名詞(或代詞)+形容詞

強調(diào)名詞的特性或狀態(tài)

She came into the room，with her nose red because of cold.

1) I like to sleep with the windows open.我喜歡把窗戶開著睡覺。

2) Don’t talk with your mouth full. 嘴里有食物時不要講話。

第六類with +名詞/代詞+副詞

I’m used to working with the radio on .我習(xí)慣開著收音機工作.

I stood there with my dog behind . 我站在那兒,我的狗在我后面.

第七類with+名詞(或代詞)+名詞

In the centre of London there is a tall

white building with the name “Bush House”.

1) They lived in Beijing with their son a soldier.