獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的模式

主格名詞/代詞  +   分詞 (過去分詞/現(xiàn)在分詞）

All our savings gone, we started looking for jobs

The question settled, we went home.

The river having risen in the night, the crossing was impossible

主格名詞/代詞  +  形容詞

His mother being ill, he had to stay home to look after her.

Other things being equal, I would buy the black dress.

主格名詞/代詞  +  副詞

The meeting being over, our headmaster soon left

the meeting-room

主格名詞/代詞  +  不定式

We to care for the children, you are able to be carefree

away from home.

主格名詞/代詞  +介詞短語

Our English teacher came into the classroom, papers in hand

    它們都可以在句中作原因狀語、伴隨狀況狀語、條件狀語、時間狀語或結(jié)果狀語用，一般也可以相互轉(zhuǎn)換。雖然它們的語法功能和意義相同，但其結(jié)構(gòu)形式和名稱卻不相同。

with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的模式

獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的模式

with+名詞/代詞+分詞/形容詞/副詞/不定式/介詞短語

主格名詞/代詞+分詞/形容詞/副詞/不定式/介詞短語

作時間狀語

With  winter  coming on, the trees  turn  yellow and  some birds fly south.

Winter coming on, the trees turn yellow and some

 birds fly south.

作原因狀語

With the weather terribly cold, we entered the

 room to warm ourselves.

The weather terribly cold, we entered the room to     warm ourselves.

作條件狀語

With time permitting, we’ll visit the Summer Palace

Time permitting, we’ll visit the Summer Palace

作伴隨狀語

The mother was cleaning the house with her baby playing on the bed.   

The mother was cleaning the house, her baby playing

  on the bed.

無論with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)還是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，都不可有動詞的謂語形式充當(dāng)其中的邏輯謂語。如下例中的was就必須去掉：He sat at the desk reading ，with a pen was in his right hand.（去掉was）

with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)可以作后置定語修飾名詞，而獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)則不可作后置定語修飾名詞.

Soon she arrived at a park with grass green and flowers in blossom.

= Soon she arrived at a park whose grass was green and whose flowers were in blossom.