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2011年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試（安徽卷）解析（2） 英 第三部分 閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。 D Ireland has had a very difficult history. The problems started in the 16th century when English rulers tried to conquer(征服) Ireland. For hundreds of years, the Irish people fought against the English. Finally, in 1921, the British government was forced to give independence to the south of Ireland. The result is that today there are two “Irelands”. Northern Ireland, in the north, is part of the united kingdom. The Republic of Ireland, in the south, is an independent country. In the 1840s the main crop, potatoes, was affected by disease and about 750,000 people died of hunger. This, and a shortage (短缺) of work , forced many people to leave Ireland and live in the USA, the UK, Australia and Canada. As a result of these problems, the population fell from 8.2 million in 1841 to 6.6 million in 1851. For many years, the majority of Irish people earned their living as farmers. Today, many people still work on the land but more and more people are moving to the cities to work in factories and offices. Life in the cities is very different from life in the countryside, where things move at a quieter and slower pace. The Irish are famous for being warm-hearted and friendly. Oscar Wilde, a famous Irish writer, once said that the Irish were “the greatest talkers since the Greeks”. Since independence, Ireland has revived(復(fù)興) its own culture of music, language, literature and singing. Different areas have different styles of old Irish song which are sung without instruments. Other kinds of Irish music use many different instruments such as the violin, whistles, etc. 【文章大意】本文從地理狀況、人口發(fā)展、經(jīng)濟(jì)情況以及社會生活等方面介紹了愛爾蘭共和國，讓我們對這個美麗的國家有更進(jìn)一步的了解。 68. What does the author tell us in paragraph 1? A. How the Irish fought against the English. B. How Ireland gained independence. C. How English rulers tried to conquer Ireland. D. How two “Irelands” came into being. 【解析】選D。主旨大意題。通讀第一段可知，本段介紹了愛爾蘭共和國(The Republic of Ireland)及北愛爾蘭(Northern Ireland)的由來，故D項正確。 69. We learn from the text that in Ireland A. food shortages in the 1840s led to a decline in population B. people are moving to the cities for lack of work in the countryside C. it is harder to make a living as a farmer than as a factory worker D. different kinds of old Irish songs are all sung with instruments 【解析】選A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。通讀第二段可知，十九世紀(jì)四十年代，由于主要農(nóng)作物土豆受病害影響及本國工作機會缺乏，大量愛爾蘭人移往其它國家，使愛爾蘭人口下降，故A項正確。B項中人們移往城市并非是由于農(nóng)村缺少工作機會；文章中并沒有對比城市和鄉(xiāng)村生活的難易；D項錯誤在于all，并非全部的愛爾蘭歌謠都使用樂器。 70. The last paragraph is mainly about A. the Irish character C. Irish musical instruments 【解析】選B。主旨大意題。文章末段從愛爾蘭民族習(xí)性、音樂、語言及文學(xué)等方面介紹了愛爾蘭民族文化，故B項正確。A、C、D各項雖都提及，但都是細(xì)節(jié)。 71. What can be the best title for the text? A. Life in Ireland B. A Very Difficult History C. Ireland, Past and Present D. The Independence of Ireland 【解析】選C。文章標(biāo)題題。通讀全文可知，本文從地理狀況、人口發(fā)展、經(jīng)濟(jì)情況以及社會生活等方面介紹了愛爾蘭共和國的過去及現(xiàn)在，故C項最為全面。 E George Prochnik would like the world to put a sock in it. He makes his case in a new book, Listening for Meaning in a World of Noise. Here he explains himself (using his indoor voice): “We’ve become so accustomed to noise, there’s almost a deep prejudice against the idea that silence might be beneficial. If you tell someone to be quiet, you sound like an old man. But it’s never been more important to find continuing quiet. Silence focuses us, improves our health, and is a key to lasting peace and satisfaction.” “We need to excite people about the sounds you start to hear if you merely quiet things down a little. During a Japanese tea ceremony, the smallest sounds become a kind of art—the spoons making a light ringing sound on a bowl, the edges of a kimono(和服)brushing against the floor.” “Deaf people are very attentive(專注的)in almost every aspect of life. If two deaf people are walking together, using sign language, they constantly watch out for each other and protect each other by paying steady attention to the other. They are connected yet also fully aware of their surroundings. Even deaf teenagers! We in the hearing world can learn from them. If we remove the powerful blasts(一陣陣)of noise, we become aware of an extraordinarily rich world around us—of little soft sounds and the sound of footsteps, of bird songs and ice cracking(開裂聲). It’s astonishing how beautiful things sound when you can really listen. ” 【文章大意】文章介紹了George Prochnik的新著Listening for Meaning in a World of Noise 和他的觀點：在喧囂的世界中創(chuàng)造一方不太紛擾的環(huán)境，這個世界會更美好。 72. What does the phrase “to put a sock in it” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A. to be quiet C. to be full of love 【解析】選A。詞義理解題。根據(jù)第二段作者的觀點Silence focuses us, improves our health, and is a key to lasting peace and satisfaction.可知，作者是推崇的silence, 故選A項。 73. What does Prochnik say about us? A. We are used to quietness B. We have to put up with noise C. We do not think silence to be beneficial D. We do not believe lasting peace to be available 【解析】選C。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段We’ve become so accustomed to noise, there’s almost a deep prejudice against the idea that silence might be beneficial和it’s never been more important to find continuing quiet及第三段During a Japanese tea ceremony, the smallest sounds become a kind of art等句可以判斷得出，我們生活在一個喧鬧的世界，寂靜才是我們的追求，故選擇C項。 74. Which of the following is true according to Prochnik? A. We need more sounds in our lives B. There is nothing to be learned from the deaf C. We are not aware how rich the world around us is D. There is too much noise at a Japanese tea ceremony 【解析】選C。推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章末段If we remove the powerful blasts(一陣陣)of noise, we become aware of an extraordinarily rich world around us.... It’s astonishing how beautiful things sound when you can really listen.可知C項正確。A項和作者的觀點相反；根據(jù)We in the hearing world can learn from them (deaf people)可知B項錯誤；根據(jù)During a Japanese tea ceremony, the smallest sounds become a kind of art可知作者贊賞the smallest sounds，故D項錯誤。 75. It can be inferred from the text that A. we can benefit a lot from old people B. it is a good idea to use sign language C. there is no escape from the world of sound D. it is possible to find how beautiful things sound 【解析】選D。推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，盡管我們生活在一個喧鬧的世界，作者提倡我們創(chuàng)造一個不太紛擾的環(huán)境，果真如此，這個世界是很美好的，據(jù)此D項正確。 第四部分 寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分35分） 第一節(jié) 任務(wù)型讀寫（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分） 閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在表格中的空白處填入恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。 注意：每個空格只填一個單詞。 If we agree that the function of education is to prepare us for life, then there is very little time to waste. So, while we can, we ought to concentrate on teaching children something really useful. Here is what our schools should teach. Politeness is a mark of civilization. The sooner children learn this, the better. In any case, a lot can be accomplished by a smile and good manners. Like it or not, our adult lives will be consumed by the struggle for money, but we don’t make an effort to teach children how to manage it. So our schools have a duty to teach them this ability from the beginning. We’re likely to accept something we are told, but that’s not what educated people do. Educated people are reasonable and they look at facts. If our schools teach nothing else, they should at least teach critical (批判性的) thinking. Children should learn to take care of their health. They should know that if they eat junk food (垃圾食品), they will become fat and unhealthy. They should be very clear about what happens to their bodies when they drink or smoke. All of us are part of society. We have rights and responsibilities. We ought to understand what they are. We have to know a little bit of our history and geography, because we need to have an environment in which to relate to the people around us. How will we test students on these? We can’t. But that’s not a reason to avoid teaching what is important. Our schools should spend every moment they have telling this to our children: “This is life, this is what you are going to face, and this is how you deal with it.”
【文章大意】本文意在說明教育的功能，及我們在教育過程中應(yīng)該注意的方面。 76. Teaching/Education/Schooling 【解析】捕捉信息題。由文章第一段可知答案。本空只要和“教育”含義有關(guān)的詞匯皆可。 77. preparation 【解析】捕捉信息題。由句子the function of education is to prepare us for life可知答案。答此題時注意空前有冠詞a，故應(yīng)用名詞preparation 78. school(s) 【解析】捕捉信息題。由句子Here is what our schools should teach可知答案。答此題時注意單復(fù)數(shù)皆可。 79. Contents/contents/Subjects/subjects/Topics/topics 【解析】捕捉信息題。句子Here is what our schools should teach以下各段分別說明教育的“內(nèi)容，科目”等，本空只要切合這個含義皆可。 80. politely/properly/well 【解析】捕捉信息題。由句子Politeness is a mark of civilization可知答案。注意本空應(yīng)根據(jù)Politeness選擇含義；根據(jù)behave選擇副詞形式。 81. managing 【解析】捕捉信息題。根據(jù)第三段we don’t make an effort to teach children how to manage it. So our schools have a duty to teach them this ability from the beginning內(nèi)容可知答案。注意此空前的介詞of，故填managing。 82. think 【解析】捕捉信息題。由句子If our schools teach nothing else, they should at least teach critical (批判性的) thinking可知答案。注意此空前的不定式to，故填think。 83. healthy/fit 【解析】捕捉信息題。由文章第五段內(nèi)容可知答案。注意此空在keep后面，只要是“健康的”含義皆可。 84. society 【解析】捕捉信息題。由句子All of us are part of society. We have rights and responsibilities可知答案。 85. life 【解析】捕捉信息題。由句子This is life, this is what you are going to face, and this is how you deal with it可知答案。 第二節(jié)：書面表達(dá)(滿分25分) 某校英文報開辟了一個專欄：Experience。本期話題是如何解決學(xué)習(xí)中遇到的困難。請你以“My Approach to Difficulties in Learning”為題，用英語寫一篇短文，談?wù)勛约旱囊恍┳龇ā?/span> 注意：1、詞數(shù)100左右； 2、短文中不能出現(xiàn)本人相關(guān)信息。 One possible version My Approach to Difficulties in Learning As high school students, we run into one difficulty after another in the process of learning. Everyone has their own way to deal with them. Here I would like to share mine. When I am faced with a difficulty, usually choose to refer to relevant learning materials or Web pages. In this way, I can not only work it out but also improve my ability to overcome problems all by myself. However, when it is something beyond my competence, I turn to my classmates or teachers for help. Sometimes, I also ask my parents for advice. As a result, I have made steady progress in my studies.
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