分詞、動名詞、獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)等簡要用法

1、 分詞用法如下

分詞作狀語，一般直接出現(xiàn)在開頭，后面加句子。

a)主動結(jié)構(gòu)做狀語，前面狀語隱含主語與后面句子主語一致。

(Not)Being a student/sick/in the room,加句子 (Being sick, he feels sad.)

(Not)Having been a student/sick/in the room, 加句子( Having been sick, he stays at home.)

(Not)Doing, 加句子(Smiling, he came into the room.)

(Not)Having done,加句子(Having finished his homework, he returned home.)

He came in, smiling.(本句子中的狀語smiling放在后面而不是前面)

b)被動結(jié)構(gòu)做狀語，前面狀語隱含主語與后面句子主語一致。

(Not)Done,加句子(Written, the letter was put on the table.)

(Not)Being done,加句子(Being written, the letter hasn’t been finished yet.)

(Not)Having been done,加句子(Having been written, the letter is put on the table.)

He came in, excited.(本句子中的狀語excited放在后面而不是前面)

c)分詞作定語

The letter (which was )written yesterday is on the table

The letter (which is) being written now is on the table.

The letter (which is )to be written tomorrow is on the table.

The man who has survived(having survived ) the earthquake is my friend.

The man (who is )dancing here now is my friend.

2. 獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)

a)主動形式的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)

名詞/代詞+being a student/sick/in the room,加句子(He/Mary being sick, he feels sad.)

名詞/代詞+having been a student/sick/in the room, 加句子( He/Mary having been sick, he stays at home.)

名詞/代詞+doing, 加句子 (He/Mary Smiling, Peter came into the room.)

名詞/代詞+having done,加句子 (He/Mary having finished his homework, he returned home.)

b)被動形式的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)

名詞/代詞+done, 加句子 (He/Mary punished, he feels sad.)

名詞/代詞+being done,加句子 (He/Mary being punished, he feels sad.)

名詞/代詞+having been done,加句子(He/Mary having been punished, he feels sad.)

3. 動名詞，顧名思義，具有名詞屬性，做主語或賓語，做賓語時要么做動詞賓語，要么做介詞賓語。

a)動名詞做主語，一般在動名詞前面加某人的。

主動形式的動名詞做主語

名詞/代詞’s （not）being a student/sick/in the room+加謂語動詞(His/Mary’s being sick makes me sad.)

名詞/代詞’s （not）having been a student/sick/in the room+加謂語動詞( His/Mary’s having been sick makes me sad.)

名詞/代詞’s （not）doing+謂語動詞(His/Mary’s smiling makes me happy.)

名詞/代詞’s （not）having done+謂語動詞(His/Mary’s having finished his homework makes me happy.)

b) 被動形式的動名詞做主語

名詞/代詞’s（not） being done+謂語動詞(His/Mary’s being punished makes me sad.)

名詞/代詞’s （not）having been done+謂語動詞(His/Mary’s having been punished makes me sad.

c)動名詞做動詞或介詞賓語

We are talking about (discussing )his/Mary’s （not）being sick/his laughing/his having finished the work.

We are talking about (discussing )his/Mary’s （not）being punished.

We are talking about (discussing ) him/Mary being punished.