永續(xù)農(nóng)業(yè)理念

關(guān)心地球

關(guān)愛人類

合理分配節(jié)余的時(shí)間、金錢和物質(zhì)

以實(shí)現(xiàn)前面兩項(xiàng)

- 永續(xù) 設(shè)計(jì) -

There are two basic steps to good permaculture :e sign. The first deals with laws and principles ::at can be adapted to any clirnatic and cultural :ondition, while the second is more closely 'ssociated with practical techniques, which :hange from one climate and culture to another.

優(yōu)秀的永續(xù)農(nóng)業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)有兩個(gè)基本步驟：

第一個(gè)步驟是，適應(yīng)于任何氣候條件和文化背景的規(guī)則和原則；

第二個(gè)步驟是，在不同的氣候和文化改變中，要與實(shí)用技術(shù)聯(lián)系在一起。

The principles discussed in the following rages are inherent in any permaculture design, in any climate and at any scale. They are seiected from principles of various disciplines: ecology, energy conservation, landscape design, andenvironmental science, and are, briefly, as follows:

以下討論的是所有永續(xù)農(nóng)業(yè)中都固有的設(shè)計(jì)原理，適用任何氣候和任何規(guī)模。

它們選自不同學(xué)科的原理：有生態(tài)學(xué)、節(jié)能、景觀設(shè)計(jì)和環(huán)境科學(xué)，簡(jiǎn)而言之，有以下幾點(diǎn)：

Relative location: every element (such as house, pond, road, etc.) is placed in relationship ro another so that they assist each other. 

相對(duì)位置：每一個(gè)元素（如房屋、池塘、道路等）在配置時(shí)要考慮與另一個(gè)元素之間的關(guān)系，以便它們相互協(xié)助。

Each element performs many functions. 

每個(gè)元素都發(fā)揮多種作用。

Each important function is supported by many elements. 

每個(gè)重要的功能都有多個(gè)元素支持

Efficient energy planning for house and settlement (zones and sectors). 

為房屋和住區(qū)做高效節(jié)能規(guī)劃。

Emphasis on the use of biological resources over fossil fuel resources. 

要優(yōu)先使用生物資源而不是化石燃料資源。

Energy recycling on site (both fuel and human energy). 

現(xiàn)場(chǎng)能源循環(huán)利用（包括燃料和人力）。

Using and accelerating natural plant succession to establish favourable sites and soils. 

利用和加速植物自然演替，建立有利的場(chǎng)地和土壤。

Polyculture and diversity of beneficial species for a productive, interactive system. 

利用有益物種的混作和多樣性栽培，建立一個(gè)更有成效的互動(dòng)系統(tǒng)。

Use of edge and natural patterns for best effect.

使用邊緣效應(yīng)和自然模式以達(dá)到最佳效果。

Relative Location

相對(duì)位置

The core of permaculture is design. Design is a connection between things. It's not water, or a chicken, or the tree. It is how the water, the chicken and the tree are connected. It's the very opposite of what we aíe taught in school. Education takes everything and pulls it apart and makes no connections at all. Permaculture makes the connection, because as soon as you've got the connection you can feed the chicken from the tree. To enable a design component (pond, house, woodlot, garden, windbreak, etc.) tofunction efficiently,we must put it in the right place.

永續(xù)農(nóng)業(yè)的核心是設(shè)計(jì)。所設(shè)計(jì)的是事物之間的聯(lián)系。

它不是水，也不是雞，更不是樹。

而是水、雞和樹是如何聯(lián)系的。

這與我們?cè)趯W(xué)校里，所學(xué)到的東西是完全相反的。

教育把所有的事物都分開，完全切斷它們之間的聯(lián)系。

永續(xù)農(nóng)業(yè)是建立聯(lián)系，因?yàn)橐坏┯辛寺?lián)系，你就可以用樹來喂養(yǎng)雞。

為了使設(shè)計(jì)元素（如池塘、房屋、林地、花園、防風(fēng)林等）高效地發(fā)揮作用，我們必須把它們放在正確的地方。

For example, dams and water tanks are located above the house and garden so that gravity rather than a pump is used to direct flow. Home windbreaks are placed so that they deflect wind but do not shade the house from the winter sun. The garden is placed between the house and the chicken pen, so that garden refuse is collected on the way to the pen and chicken manure is easily shovelled over to the garden, and so on.

例如，將水壩和儲(chǔ)水箱安置在比房屋和花園跟高的地方，以便利用重力而不是泵來引導(dǎo)水流。

房屋防風(fēng)林的位置，能夠擋住風(fēng)，但冬天不會(huì)遮擋房屋的陽光。

花園放在房子和雞圈之間，這樣花園的垃圾就可以在去雞圈的路上收集起來喂雞，雞糞也可以很容易被鏟到花園里，等等。

We set up working relationships betu'een each element. so that the needs of one element are filled by the yields of another element. To do this, we must discover the basic characteristics of any element, its needs, and its products (see Box).

我們?cè)诿總€(gè)元素之間建立工作關(guān)系，使一個(gè)元素的需求由另一個(gè)元素的產(chǎn)量來滿足。

要做到這一點(diǎn)，我們必須找到各個(gè)元素的基本特征，需求和它的產(chǎn)品。

The elements in a typical small farm might include: house, greenhouse, garden, chicken pens, water storage tank, compost pile, beehives, nursery area and potting shed, woodlot, dam, aquaculture pond, windbreak, barn, tool shed, woodpile, guest-house, pasture, hedgerou', worrn beds, and so on. These can be moved about, on paper, until they are working to best advantage.

一個(gè)典型小農(nóng)場(chǎng)的元素可能包括：房屋、溫室、花園、雞舍、儲(chǔ)水箱、堆肥、蜂箱、育苗區(qū)和盆景棚、林地、水壩、水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖池、防風(fēng)林、谷倉、工具棚、木柴堆、客房、牧場(chǎng)、樹籬、蚯蚓床等。把這些元素在設(shè)計(jì)稿上相互移動(dòng)，直到找出它們發(fā)揮出最佳配置方案。

In the case of every element, we can base our linking strategies to these questions:

就每一個(gè)元素而言，我們可以根據(jù)這些問題來制定配置策略：

"Of what use are the products of this particular element to the needs of other elements?" 

"這個(gè)特定元素的產(chǎn)品對(duì)其他元素的需求有什么用？"

"What needs of this element are supplied b1' other elements?" 

"這個(gè)元素的需求是由其他哪些元素來提供？"

"Where is this element incor.rpatible u'ith other elements?" 

"這個(gè)元素與其他元素在哪里不相容？"

"Where does this element benefit other parts of the system?" 

“這個(gè)元素對(duì)系統(tǒng)種的其他部分有何益處？”

It is best to start with the most important node of activity (e.g. the house, or even a commercial centre such as nursery, free-range chicken farm, aquaculture, etc.). 

最好從最重要的活動(dòng)節(jié)點(diǎn)開始（例如房屋，甚至是商業(yè)生產(chǎn)，如苗圃、自由放養(yǎng)的養(yǎng)雞場(chǎng)、水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖等）。

For things to work properly, we must remember that:

為了使事情正常進(jìn)行，我們必須記?。?/p>

The inputs needed by one element are supplied by other elements in the system; and 

一個(gè)元素所需的輸入是由系統(tǒng)中的其他元素提供的

The outputs needed by one element are used by other elements (including ourselves).

一個(gè)元素的產(chǎn)出能滿足其他元素（包括我們自己）的需求。

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