“長壽藥”、“長生不老藥”,甚至“不死藥”……這些聽起來就很厲害的稱號都是網(wǎng)上對膳食補充劑NMN的描述。本以為太上老君的仙丹只是天界的一個傳說,但聽這架勢,仙丹是化為NMN,下凡來咱人間走一遭了? 「極養(yǎng)視界」科普實驗室 原創(chuàng)出品 文章|Yu Shen MS 校稿|Xinyin PHD, RD 編審|Haoran PHD 編輯|Jiaqi Xu BS, RD 設(shè)計|Fay 閱讀信息 ?? 難度:★★☆☆☆ 類型:盤點 字?jǐn)?shù):3598 文章綱要
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如上述所言,NMN的安全性及健康效用在小鼠及線蟲體內(nèi)得到了積極的驗證,但要注意這些試驗都為動物實驗,NMN是否在人體中擁有相同的效用還需要臨床試驗的證明。 ▲ 表二|市場常見NMN補充劑對比表
▲ 圖一|NAD+合成途徑 在考慮NAD+的各個前體時我們也不能忘記,NAD+的合成不是有了前體就萬事大吉,任何前體轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)镹AD+都需要酶的幫助。煙酰胺磷酸核糖轉(zhuǎn)移酶(NAMPT)是NAD+合成的關(guān)鍵限速酶,許多研究都證明了鍛煉以及熱量限制可提升這種酶的表達(dá),從而增加NAD+的生物合成以及SIRT1的活性[19]。而肥胖以及高熱量飲食會限制NAMPT酶活,減少NAD+在體內(nèi)的水平[4]。 ■■ 參考文獻(xiàn) [1] Mills, K. F., Yoshida, S., Stein, L. R., Grozio, A., Kubota, S., Sasaki, Y., Redpath, P., Migaud, M. E., Apte, R. S., Uchida, K., Yoshino, J., & Imai, S. I. (2016). Long-Term Administration of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Mitigates Age-Associated Physiological Decline in Mice. Cell metabolism, 24(6), 795–806. https:///10.1016/j.cmet.2016.09.013 [2] 'What is NMN?'. Retrieved 2020, from https://www./precursors/what-is-nmn [3] Zhu, X. H., Lu, M., Lee, B. Y., Ugurbil, K., & Chen, W. (2015). In vivo NAD assay reveals the intracellular NAD contents and redox state in healthy human brain and their age dependences. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 112(9), 2876–2881. https:///10.1073/pnas.1417921112 [4] Rajman, L., Chwalek, K., & Sinclair, D. A. (2018). Therapeutic Potential of NAD-Boosting Molecules: The In Vivo Evidence. Cell metabolism, 27(3), 529–547. https:///10.1016/j.cmet.2018.02.011 [5] Food and Drug Administration . Briefing Information for the Meeting of the Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee(2017, May). Retrieved2020, from https://www./media/104134/download [6] NEURO.' Why Choose IV Treatment?'. Retrieved 2020, from https:///nad-plus/ [7] Grant, R., Berg, J., Mestayer, R., Braidy, N., Bennett, J., Broom, S., & Watson, J. (2019). A Pilot Study Investigating Changes in the Human Plasma and Urine NAD+ Metabolome During a 6 Hour Intravenous Infusion of NAD. Frontiers in aging neuroscience, 11, 257. https:///10.3389/fnagi.2019.00257 [8] Mills, K. F., Yoshida, S., Stein, L. R., Grozio, A., Kubota, S., Sasaki, Y., Redpath, P., Migaud, M. 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Cell, 154(2), 430–441. https:///10.1016/j.cell.2013.06.016 [11] Irie, J., Inagaki, E., Fujita, M., Nakaya, H., Mitsuishi, M., Yamaguchi, S., Yamashita, K., Shigaki, S., Ono, T., Yukioka, H., Okano, H., Nabeshima, Y. I., Imai, S. I., Yasui, M., Tsubota, K., & Itoh, H. (2020). Effect of oral administration of nicotinamide mononucleotide on clinical parameters and nicotinamide metabolite levels in healthy Japanese men. Endocrine journal, 67(2), 153–160. https:///10.1507/endocrj.EJ19-0313 [12] David Sinclair. 'Refrigerate nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) to reduce degradation?'. Retrieved 2020, from https://www./watch?v=cVxQVppyhhM&feature=emb_logo [13] Verdin E. NAD? in aging, metabolism, and neurodegeneration. Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1208-13. doi: 10.1126/science.aac4854. PMID: 26785480. [14] Cantó, C., Menzies, K. J., & Auwerx, J. (2015). NAD(+) Metabolism and the Control of Energy Homeostasis: A Balancing Act between Mitochondria and the Nucleus. Cell metabolism, 22(1), 31–53. https:///10.1016/j.cmet.2015.05.023 [15] Pirinen E, Auranen M, Khan NA, Brilhante V, Urho N, Pessia A, Hakkarainen A, Kuula J, Heinonen U, Schmidt MS, Haimilahti K, Piiril? P, Lundbom N, Taskinen MR, Brenner C, Velagapudi V, Pietil?inen KH, Suomalainen A. Niacin Cures Systemic NAD+ Deficiency and Improves Muscle Performance in Adult-Onset Mitochondrial Myopathy. Cell Metab. 2020 Jun 2;31(6):1078-1090.e5. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.04.008. Epub 2020 May 7. Erratum in: Cell Metab. 2020 Jul 7;32(1):144. PMID: 32386566. [16] Conze et al. (2019). Safety and Metabolism of Long-term Administration of NIAGEN (Nicotinamide Riboside Chloride) in a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial of Healthy Overweight Adults. Sci Rep. 2019 Jul 5;9(1):9772. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-46120-z. [17] Martens et al. (2018). Chronic nicotinamide riboside supplementation is well-tolerated and elevates NAD+ in healthy middle-aged and older adults. Nature Communications volume 9, Article number: 1286. [18] Remie et al. (2020). Nicotinamide Riboside Supplementation Alters Body Composition and Skeletal Muscle Acetylcarnitine Concentrations in Healthy Obese Humans. Am J Clin Nutr. 2020 Apr 22; nqaa072. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa072. [19] Yoshino, J., Mills, K. F., Yoon, M. J., & Imai, S. (2011). Nicotinamide mononucleotide, a key NAD(+) intermediate, treats the pathophysiology of diet- and age-induced diabetes in mice. Cell metabolism, 14(4), 528–536. https:///10.1016/j.cmet.2011.08.014 |
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