太極拳被稱為運動冥想(以區(qū)別于靜坐冥想),與認知行為療法(以行為治療為基礎(chǔ),融合社會認知理論和技術(shù)的心理治療方法)均可改善失眠癥狀。 2017年5月10日,美國臨床腫瘤學(xué)會《臨床腫瘤學(xué)雜志》在線發(fā)表洛杉磯加利福尼亞大學(xué)(UCLA)塞梅爾神經(jīng)科學(xué)與人類行為研究所卡森斯心理神經(jīng)免疫學(xué)中心的研究報告,對太極拳或認知行為療法用于乳腺癌存活者失眠的治療進行了比較。
該隨機、部分盲法、非劣效性研究于2008年4月~2012年7月從洛杉磯社區(qū)入組145例伴有失眠的乳腺癌存活者。經(jīng)過為期2個月的重復(fù)篩查評定后,其中90例參與者按1∶1隨機分配進行3個月的認知行為療法或太極拳,并于第2、3(治療后)、6和15(隨訪期)個月進行評估。主要結(jié)局評估指標(biāo)為第15個月失眠治療有效率(根據(jù)匹茲堡睡眠質(zhì)量指數(shù),臨床癥狀顯著改善)。次要結(jié)局評估指標(biāo)為臨床醫(yī)生評定的失眠緩解率,睡眠質(zhì)量,來自睡眠日記的總睡眠時間、進入睡眠時間、睡眠效率(總睡眠時間與臥床時間之比)、醒來時間,多導(dǎo)睡眠圖(通過同步監(jiān)測腦電圖、肌電圖、眼動電圖、口鼻氣流、胸腹呼吸運動、血氧飽和度、心電圖、鼾聲及呼出氣二氧化碳分壓等多項參數(shù),分析睡眠結(jié)構(gòu)及其相關(guān)生理、行為變化的檢測技術(shù)),疲勞、嗜睡、抑郁的癥狀。 結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),認知行為療法、太極拳的第15個月失眠治療有效率分別為43.7%、46.7%。非劣效性檢驗表明,在第15、3、6個月時,太極拳與認知行為療法相比均不遜色(P=0.02、=0.02、<0.01)。對于次要結(jié)局,認知行為療法、太極拳的失眠緩解率分別為46.2%、37.9%,對于睡眠質(zhì)量、睡眠日記指標(biāo)以及相關(guān)癥狀均顯著改善(所有P<0.01),但是多導(dǎo)睡眠圖無顯著改善,兩組改善程度相似。 因此,認知行為療法、太極拳對于改善失眠均有臨床意義。太極拳作為一種正念運動冥想,與認知行為療法(失眠行為治療的金標(biāo)準(zhǔn))相比,從統(tǒng)計學(xué)角度而言(根據(jù)統(tǒng)計學(xué)方法進行量化分析)并不遜色(即統(tǒng)計學(xué)非劣效性)。而且,太極拳比認知行為療法更簡單易行。 該研究得到了國家衛(wèi)生研究院(NIH)國家癌癥研究所(NCI)的資助。
J Clin Oncol. 2017 May 10. [Epub ahead of print] Tai Chi Chih Compared With Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for the Treatment of Insomnia in Survivors of Breast Cancer: A Randomized, Partially Blinded, Noninferiority Trial. Michael R. Irwin, Richard Olmstead, Carmen Carrillo, Nina Sadeghi, Perry Nicassio, Patricia A. Ganz, Julienne E. Bower. Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA. PURPOSE: Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) and Tai Chi Chih (TCC), a movement meditation, improve insomnia symptoms. Here, we evaluated whether TCC is noninferior to CBT-I for the treatment of insomnia in survivors of breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a randomized, partially blinded, noninferiority trial that involved survivors of breast cancer with insomnia who were recruited from the Los Angeles community from April 2008 to July 2012. After a 2-month phase-in period with repeated baseline assessment, participants were randomly assigned to 3 months of CBT-I or TCC and evaluated at months 2, 3 (post-treatment), 6, and 15 (follow-up). Primary outcome was insomnia treatment response—that is, marked clinical improvement of symptoms by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index—at 15 months. Secondary outcomes were clinician-assessed remission of insomnia; sleep quality; total sleep time, sleep onset latency, sleep efficiency, and awake after sleep onset, derived from sleep diaries; polysomnography; and symptoms of fatigue, sleepiness, and depression. RESULTS: Of 145 participants who were screened, 90 were randomly assigned (CBT-I: n = 45; TCC: n = 45). The proportion of participants who showed insomnia treatment response at 15 months was 43.7% and 46.7% in CBT-I and TCC, respectively. Tests of noninferiority showed that TCC was noninferior to CBT-I at 15 months (P = .02) and at months 3 (P = .02) and 6 (P < .01). For secondary outcomes, insomnia remission was 46.2% and 37.9% in CBT-I and TCC, respectively. CBT-I and TCC groups showed robust improvements in sleep quality, sleep diary measures, and related symptoms (all P < .01), but not polysomnography, with similar improvements in both groups. CONCLUSION: CBT-I and TCC produce clinically meaningful improvements in insomnia. TCC, a mindful movement meditation, was found to be statistically noninferior to CBT-I, the gold standard for behavioral treatment of insomnia. DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2016.71.0285 |
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