非延續(xù)性動詞這類動詞也可稱為終止性動詞、短暫性動詞、瞬間動詞、點動詞,表示的動作不能延續(xù),即動作發(fā)生后立即結束。 中文名非延續(xù)性動詞英文名Non durative verbs 相關例子 這類動詞有: arrive/reach 到達,buy 買,close 關 post 郵寄,fall 落下,die 死,leave 離開, go 去,break 打破,lose 丟失,give 給, join 加入,receive 接收,borrow 借 move搬,hear 聽到,hear from 收到來信 become 成為,begin/start 開始,finish 結束 marry 娶、嫁 用法特征 1.非延續(xù)性動詞可用來表示某一動作完成,因此可用于現(xiàn)在完成時。如: The train has arrived.火車到了。 Have you joined the computer group?你加入電腦小組了嗎? 2.非延續(xù)性動詞表示的動作極其短暫,不能持續(xù)。因此,不可與表示一段時間的狀語連用(只限肯定式)。如: (1)他已經(jīng)死了三年了。 誤:He has died for three years. 正:He has been dead for three years. 正:He died three years ago. 正:It is three years since he died. 正:Three years has passed since he died. (2)他來這兒五天了。 誤:He has come here for five days. 正:He has been here for five days. 正:He came here five days ago. 正:It is five days since he came here. 正:Five days has passed since he came here. (1)、(2)句中的die、come為非延續(xù)性動詞,不能與表示'段時間'的狀語連用。那么,應如何正確表達呢?可以采用下面的四種方法: (1)將句中非延續(xù)性動詞轉換為相應的延續(xù)性動詞,如上面兩例中的第一種正確表達方式。下面列舉幾例:leave→been away, borrow→keep, buy→have, begin/start→be on, die→be dead, move to→live in, finish→be over, join→be in/be a member of, open sth.→keep sth. open, fall ill→be ill, get up→be up, catch a cold→have a cold。 (2)將句中表示'段時間'的狀語改為表示過去確定時間的狀語,如下面兩例中的第二種正確表達方式。 (3)用句型'It is+段時間+since...'表達原意,如上面兩例中的第三種正確表達方式。 (4)用句型'時間+has passed+since...'表達原意,如上面兩例中的第四種正確表達方式。 3.非延續(xù)性動詞可用于現(xiàn)在完成時否定式中,成為可以延續(xù)的狀態(tài),因而可與表示一段時間的狀語連用。如: He hasn't left here since 1986. I haven't heard from my father for two weeks. 4.非延續(xù)性動詞的否定式與until/till連用,構成'not+終止性動詞+until/till ...'的句型,意為'直到……才……'。如: You can't leave here until I arrive.直到我到了,你才能離開這里。 I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight.今天晚上直到我畫完畫,我才上床睡覺。 5.非延續(xù)性動詞可以用于when引導的時間狀語從句中,但不可以用于while引導的時間狀語從句中。when表示的時間是'點時間'(從句謂語動詞用終止性動詞),也可以是'段時間'(從句謂語動詞用延續(xù)性動詞)。而while表示的是一個較長的時間或過程,從句謂語動詞用延續(xù)性動詞。如: When we reached London, it was twelve o'clock. (reach為非延續(xù)性動詞) Please look after my daughter while/when we are away. (be away為延續(xù)性動詞短語) 6.非延續(xù)性動詞完成時不可與how long連用(只限于肯定式)。如: 誤:How long have you come here? 正:How long have you been here? 正:When did you come here |
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