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中學(xué)英語書面表達(dá)系列講座與訓(xùn)練（18）-3（共4部分） ★Since 和 for 用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)有講究！ 請看句子并幫助修改那些用錯(cuò)的句子： Group 1.他病了兩天了。 A) He has been ill since two days. B) He has been ill for two days. 此組句子中， A）句是不對(duì)的 。因?yàn)閟ince后不能接 “一段時(shí)間”的時(shí)間狀語。但可接“點(diǎn)時(shí)間”如：she has worked here since 1999.此句除了可改為for two days外，還可改為in the past two days.意思不變。Since 用于簡單句時(shí)，句子謂語動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，since用于復(fù)合句時(shí)，主句謂語動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，since引導(dǎo)的從句謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)。如：My aunt has worked in a hospital of traditional Chinese medicine since 2000. 自2000以來，我嬸嬸一直在一家中醫(yī)院工作。 He has written to me frequently since I was ill.自從我生病以來，他時(shí)常給我寫信。Since后除了接“點(diǎn)”時(shí)間外，還可接～ago和從句。如：Maria has been in China since two years ago.兩年來，瑪麗一直在北京。 We haven't met her since she left. 自打她走后，我們就再也沒見過她了。It is two years since I saw him last. 自從上次見到他以來，已經(jīng)有兩年之久了。由此可見since是使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的典型信號(hào)詞之一。 Group2.他已經(jīng)去世三年了。 A) He has died for three years. B) He died three years ago. C) He has been dead for three years. D) It is three years since he died. 此組句子中，A）句是不對(duì)的。原因是die 所表示的動(dòng)作不可延續(xù)，die等動(dòng)詞的這種不可延續(xù)性，語法學(xué)家們賦予了它一個(gè)稱謂：非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞（結(jié)束性、終止性）動(dòng)詞。【相對(duì)應(yīng)的是“延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞”】，非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞（結(jié)束性、終止性）動(dòng)詞的肯定形式不能與表示一段時(shí)間的for短語連用。又如：He has left here for a few months(×).應(yīng)改為：He has been away from here for a few months. （他離開這兒已有幾個(gè)月了。） 但可與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞（結(jié)束性、終止性）動(dòng)詞的否定形式連用，因?yàn)榉茄永m(xù)性動(dòng)詞（結(jié)束性、終止性）動(dòng)詞的否定形式表示的是個(gè)可延續(xù)的狀態(tài)。如：I haven't seen you for a long time. (我好久沒見到你了。沒見到的狀態(tài)可延續(xù))， for也是常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的信號(hào)詞之一。 ★★注意：For… 根據(jù)語境的不同，可以與不同的時(shí)態(tài)連用： 如：Tom lived in Chicago for ten years.湯姆在芝加哥住了十年。（十年的起止時(shí)間都在過去）；Tom will live in Chicago for another five years. 湯姆將再在芝加哥住五年。 （未完待續(xù)） |
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