1. When Henry arrived at the bus stop, the bus ______ for two hours. A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away 2. I ______ the League for five years so far. A. joined B. have joined C. have been in D. join 3. The factory ______ since the February of 1995. A. has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened 4. Mary and Rose ______ friends since they met in London in 1998. A. have made B. have been C. made D. have become 5. You mustn't ______ until he comes back. A. be away B. leave C. be left D. have been 6. The meeting ______ for a week now. A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over D. has been in 7. Miss Gao______this school since 1996. A. has come to B. came to C. has taught D.has been in 8. Ben ______ a teacher for early three years. A. has been B. has become C. was D. became 9. I ______ home for a week up to now. A. have returned B. have been back C. returned D. were 10. How long ________ Mr Smith ________? A. did; die B. was; dead C. was; dying D. has; been dead 11. When I ______ in Beijing, it was raining hard. A. got B. reached C. arrived D. was 12. Tom ______ the car for two months. A. has had B. bought C. has bought D. had got 13. -How long ______ you ______? -Two weeks. A. did; all ill B. have; fallen ill C. were; ill D. have; been ill 14. Since 1942 he ______ his hometown. A. has left B. has moved away from C. has been away from D. moved away from 15. I'll lend you the bike, but you can only ______ it for two days. A. borrow B. lend C. keep D. take 16. The bus ______ on the road for an hour. A. has stopped B. stopped C. is stopping D. has been 17. Are you ______ the jacket these days? A. wearing B. putting on C. dressing D. pulling on (Keys: 1-5 DCABB 6-10 CDABD 11-15 CADCC 16-17 DA) 淺談延續(xù)性動詞和終止性動詞 一、延續(xù)性動詞和終止性動詞的概念 英語中,動詞按其動作發(fā)生的方式、動作發(fā)生過程的長短,可分為延續(xù)性動詞和終止性動詞。 延續(xù)性動詞表示能夠延續(xù)的動作,這種動作可以延續(xù)下去或產(chǎn)生持久影響。如:learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。 終止性動詞也稱非延續(xù)性動詞、瞬間動詞或短暫性動詞,表示不能延續(xù)的動作,這種動作發(fā)生后立即結(jié)束。如open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow,buy等。 二、延續(xù)性動詞的用法特征 1.延續(xù)性動詞可以用于現(xiàn)在完成時,其完成時態(tài)可與表示"段時間"的狀語連用。表示"段時間"的短語有:for two years, during the past three years, since last year, how long等。如:I have learned English since I came here.自從我來到這兒就學(xué)英語了。 2.延續(xù)性動詞不能與表示短暫時間的"點時間"狀語連用。如:It raind at eight yesterday morning.(誤) rain為延續(xù)性動詞,而at eight表示"點時間",前后顯然矛盾。如果用延續(xù)性動詞表示一瞬間的動作,可以借助come, begin, get等終止性動詞來表示。上句可改為:It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.(正)又如: -When did you get to know Jack? -Two years ago. -Then you've known each other for more than two years. -That's right. 三、終止性動詞的用法特征 1.終止性動詞可用來表示某一動作完成,因此可用于現(xiàn)在完成時。如: The train has arrived.火車到了。 Have you joined the computer group?你加入電腦小組了嗎? 2.終止性動詞表示的動作極其短暫,不能持續(xù)。因此,不可與表示一段時間的狀語連用(只限肯定式)。如: (1)他死了三年了。 誤:He has died for three years. 正:He has been dead for three years. 正:He died three years ago. 正:It is three years since he died. 正:Three years has passed since he died. (2)他來這兒五天了。 誤:He has come here for five days. 正:He has been here for five days. 正:He came here five days ago. 正:It is five days since he came here. 正:Five days has passed since he came here. (1)、(2)句中的die、come為終止性動詞,不能與表示"段時間"的狀語連用。那么,應(yīng)如何正確表達(dá)呢?可以采用下面的四種方法: (1)將句中終止性動詞轉(zhuǎn)換為相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞,如上面兩例中的第一種正確表達(dá)方式。下面列舉幾例:leave→be away, borrow→keep, buy→have, begin/start→be on, die→be dead, move to→live in, finish→be over, join→be in/be a member of, open sth.→keep sth. open, fall ill→be ill, get up→be up, catch a cold→have a cold。 (2)將句中表示"段時間"的狀語改為表示過去確定時間的狀語,如下面兩例中的第二種正確表達(dá)方式。 (3)用句型"It is+段時間+since..."表達(dá)原意,如上面兩例中的第三種正確表達(dá)方式。 (4)用句型"時間+has passed+since..."表達(dá)原意,如上面兩例中的第四種正確表達(dá)方式。 3.終止性動詞可用于現(xiàn)在完成時否定式中,成為可以延續(xù)的狀態(tài),因而可與表示一段時間的狀語連用。如: He hasn't left here since 1986. I haven't heard from my father for two weeks. 4.終止性動詞的否定式與until/till連用,構(gòu)成"not+終止性動詞+until/till ..."的句型,意為"直到……才……"。如: You can't leave here until I arrive.直到我到了,你才能離開這里。 I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight.今天晚上直到我畫完畫,我才上床睡覺。 5.終止性動詞可以用于when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中,但不可以用于while引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中。when表示的時間是"點時間"(從句謂語動詞用終止性動詞),也可以是"段時間"(從句謂語動詞用延續(xù)性動詞)。而while表示的是一個較長的時間或過程,從句謂語動詞用延續(xù)性動詞。如: When we reached London, it was twelve o'clock. (reach為終止性動詞) Please look after my daughter while/when we are away. (be away為延續(xù)性動詞短語) 6.終止性動詞完成時不可與how long連用(只限于肯定式)。如: 誤:How long have you come here? 正:How long have you been here? 正:When did you come here? |
|