中考英語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)從句分層練

由一個(gè)獨(dú)立分句和一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的從句構(gòu)成的句子叫做復(fù)合句。初中階段我們需要掌握的復(fù)合句是賓語(yǔ)從句、定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句。

在復(fù)合句中，由一個(gè)句子充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)，這個(gè)句子叫做賓語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的常見(jiàn)關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：that（不譯，可以省略）、if\whether(譯為：是否)、what、who、where、when、why、how等。

根據(jù)賓語(yǔ)從句的不同，賓語(yǔ)從句可分為以下幾類(lèi)：

當(dāng)主句為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，

（1）若賓語(yǔ)從句為陳述句（肯定句和否定句），賓語(yǔ)從句用that引導(dǎo)（that可以省略）。賓語(yǔ)從句的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)變?yōu)橄鄳?yīng)的過(guò)去的時(shí)態(tài)，賓語(yǔ)從句的人稱(chēng)向主句看齊。例如：

I like the book.(He said...)→ He said (that) he liked the book.

解析：賓語(yǔ)從句為肯定句，用that引導(dǎo)（也可以省略）；主句為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句動(dòng)詞變?yōu)檫^(guò)去時(shí)liked；賓語(yǔ)從句的I和主句的He為同一個(gè)人，從句向主句看齊，改為he.

I don′t have a pen.(The girl said...)→

The girl said (that) she didn′t have a pen.

解析：賓語(yǔ)從句為否定句，用that引導(dǎo)（也可以省略）；主句為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句動(dòng)詞變?yōu)檫^(guò)去時(shí)didn′t；賓語(yǔ)從句的I和主句的The girl為同一個(gè)人，從句向主句看齊，改為she.

練習(xí)： We will visit Beijing.(The students said...)→

②The songs are beautiful.（He said...)→

③She has read the book.(I said...)→

答案：The students said (that)they would visit Beijing.

②He said (that)the songs were beautiful.

③I said (that) She had read the book.

（2） 若賓語(yǔ)從句為一般疑問(wèn)句，賓語(yǔ)從句用if\whether(譯為：是否)引導(dǎo)。賓語(yǔ)從句的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)變?yōu)橄鄳?yīng)的過(guò)去的時(shí)態(tài)，賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述句語(yǔ)序（主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞）；賓語(yǔ)從句的人稱(chēng)向主句看齊；主句中的said\said to改為asked。

例如：Is he a doctor?(She said to me ...)→

She asked me if\whether he is was a doctor.

解析：主句中的said to改為asked;賓語(yǔ)從句為一般疑問(wèn)句,用if\whether引導(dǎo)；賓語(yǔ)從句采用陳述句語(yǔ)序（主語(yǔ)he+動(dòng)詞is）；主句said為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句改為一般過(guò)去時(shí)was.

Does your father go to work every day?(The teacher asked me...)→

The teacher asked me if\whether my father goes went to work every day.

解析：賓語(yǔ)從句為一般疑問(wèn)句,用if\whether引導(dǎo)；賓語(yǔ)從句的your與與主句的me相關(guān),賓語(yǔ)從句的your改為my;采用陳述句語(yǔ)序（主語(yǔ)my father+動(dòng)詞goes）；主句asked為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句的goes改為一般過(guò)去時(shí)went.

練習(xí)： Will he finish the work? （I asked...)→

② Can you answer the question? (I said to the boy...)→

③ Does the girl play the piano？（I asked...)→

答案：I asked if\whether he would finish the work .

②I asked the boy if\whether he could answer the question.

③I asked if\whether the girl played the piano.

（3）若賓語(yǔ)從句為特殊疑問(wèn)句，仍用原先的疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)。賓語(yǔ)從句的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)變?yōu)橄鄳?yīng)的過(guò)去的時(shí)態(tài)，賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述句語(yǔ)序（主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞）；賓語(yǔ)從句的人稱(chēng)向主句看齊；主句中的said\said to改為asked。例如：

What are you doing in the room?(I asked the boy...)→ I asked the boy what he was doing in the room.

解析：賓語(yǔ)從句為特殊疑問(wèn)句,用賓語(yǔ)從句的what引導(dǎo)；賓語(yǔ)從句中的you和主句中的the boy為同一人，從句向主句看齊，變?yōu)閔e；賓語(yǔ)從句采用陳述句語(yǔ)序（主語(yǔ)he+動(dòng)詞is doing）,主句asked為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句的is doing改為一般過(guò)去時(shí)was doing.

What does he like? (I said...)→I asked what he liked.

解析：賓語(yǔ)從句為特殊疑問(wèn)句,用賓語(yǔ)從句的what引導(dǎo)；賓語(yǔ)從句采用陳述句語(yǔ)序（主語(yǔ)he+動(dòng)詞like）,主句asked為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句的like改為一般過(guò)去時(shí)liked.

練習(xí)：Where is he going next? （I asked...)→

②When will you leave for Shanghai?(The teacher said to us...)→

③Why does he get up early? （I asked...)→

答案：I asked Where he were going next.

②The teacher asked us When we would leave for Shanghai.

③I asked why he got up early.

（4）若賓語(yǔ)從句為祈使句（以動(dòng)詞原形或'don′t +動(dòng)詞原形'開(kāi)頭的句子），須使用句型：'tell sb (not)to do sth'或'ask sb (not)to do sth'。例如：

Get up early.(My mother said to me...)→My mother told\asked me to get up early.

解析：主句said為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，需改為told\asked ；從句為肯定祈使句，需用tell \ask sb to do sth句型。

Don′t play with dogs.(My grandparents told me...)→My grandparents told me not to play with dogs.

解析：從句為否定祈使句，需用tell sb not to do sth句型。

練習(xí)：Take care of your eyes.（The doctor said to us...)→

②Don′t talk in class.(My teachers told me...)→

答案：The doctor asked/told us to ake care of your eyes.

②My teachers told me not to talk in class.

注意：（1）如果主句的時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或Could you (please) do sth，賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)保持不變。例如：

I am a good student.(He often tells me...)→

He often tells me (that) he is a good student.

解析：賓語(yǔ)從句為肯定句，用that引導(dǎo)（可省略）；主句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)不變。

Does he speak English?(Could you please tell me...)→

Could you please tell me if\whether he speaks English?

解析：賓語(yǔ)從句為一般疑問(wèn)句，用if\whether引導(dǎo)；賓語(yǔ)從句采用陳述句語(yǔ)序（主語(yǔ)he+動(dòng)詞speaks）；主句為Could you please tell me，賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)不變。

(2)如果賓語(yǔ)從句所陳述的是客觀真理或普遍真理，即使主句的時(shí)態(tài)是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)也保持不變。

例如： Is January the first month of the year?（Our teacher said...)→

Our teacher asked if\whether January is the first month of the year

解析：賓語(yǔ)從句為一般疑問(wèn)句，用if\whether引導(dǎo)；賓語(yǔ)從句采用陳述句語(yǔ)序（主語(yǔ)January+動(dòng)詞is）；賓語(yǔ)從句內(nèi)容為客觀事實(shí)，因此，賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)態(tài)不變。

賓語(yǔ)從句速記口訣:

賓語(yǔ)從句須注意，幾點(diǎn)事項(xiàng)應(yīng)牢記。

一是關(guān)鍵引導(dǎo)詞，不同句子詞相異。

陳述句子用that;一般疑問(wèn)是否(if，whether)替;

特殊問(wèn)句更好辦，引導(dǎo)還用疑問(wèn)詞。

二是時(shí)態(tài)常變化，主句不同從句異。

主句若為現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)看意;

主句若為過(guò)去時(shí)，從句時(shí)態(tài)變過(guò)去。

三是語(yǔ)序要記清，從句永保陳述序。

綜合練習(xí)：將下列句子變?yōu)楹匈e語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句。

1.Don′t listen to music in class.(My teachers told me...)→

2.Who is he？（My mother said to me...)→

3.Write your names on the paper.(He said to us...)→

4.Do you remember my name?(He asked me...)→

5.I can help you.(He said to me...)→

6.Who cleans our classroom every day? (My teachers said to me...)→

7.Is the sun bigger than the earth?(The boy asked me...)→

8. Where is your school? (Could you please tell me...)→

答案：1.My teachers told me not to listen to music in class.

2. My mother asked me who he was.

3. He told us to write our names on the paper.

4. He asked me if/whether I remembered his name.

5. He said to me(that) he could help me.

6. My teachers asked me who cleaned our classroom every day.

7. The boy asked me if/whether the sun is bigger than the earth.

8.Could you please tell me where your school is?