Object Clause 賓語(yǔ)從句

一. 賓語(yǔ)從句的概念。

二. 賓語(yǔ)從句的三要素。

三. 賓語(yǔ)從句在中考中的常見(jiàn)考法及如何答題。

什么是賓語(yǔ)

I know him.

I'm sure that you are right.

Why don’t you pay attention to the question?

賓語(yǔ)：動(dòng)作的承受者或者動(dòng)作作用的對(duì)象，常位于 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（及物動(dòng)詞），介詞或者部分連系動(dòng)詞加 形容詞之后。

找找看，找出賓語(yǔ)

Show your passport, please. （名詞作賓語(yǔ)）

She didn't say anything.（代詞作賓語(yǔ)）

--How many do you want? --I want two. （數(shù)詞作賓語(yǔ)）

They sent the injured to the hospital.（名詞化的形容詞作 賓語(yǔ)）

They decide to go abroad next year.（不定式作賓語(yǔ)）

I enjoy working with you. （動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)）

I don't know what's wrong with him. （從句作賓語(yǔ)）

賓語(yǔ)從句

1.簡(jiǎn)單句: I know him. (him是賓語(yǔ)）

2.復(fù)合句: I know that he is from America. ( that he is from America是賓語(yǔ)）

在主從復(fù)合句子中，一個(gè)句子位于及物動(dòng)詞、介詞或復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)之 后,充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ),稱(chēng)為賓語(yǔ)從句。

包含賓語(yǔ)從句的句子結(jié)構(gòu)：主句+連接詞（引導(dǎo)詞）+賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句可分為三類(lèi)：動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)從句、介詞的賓語(yǔ)從句、形容 詞的賓語(yǔ)從句

賓語(yǔ)從句三要素

一、連接詞

1.從屬連詞：that

2.從屬連詞：whether，if

3.連接代詞：who, whom, whose, which，what

4.連接副詞：where, how, why, when

二、語(yǔ)序   陳述語(yǔ)序

三、時(shí)態(tài)

Part1 連接詞

由從屬連詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句

注：that 在句中無(wú)詞匯意義，在從句中不能充當(dāng)成分，在口語(yǔ)當(dāng)中往往省略

e.g.

1. I hear (that) he will be back in an hour.（一小時(shí)后 他會(huì)回來(lái)）

2. He said (that) he missed us very much（他非常想念我們）

3. The teacher told us (that) the earth moves around the sun（地球圍著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)）

that不能省略的3種情況

(1).如果從句是并列句時(shí)，第二個(gè)分句的that一般不可省。

My uncle said (that) he would come and that he would also bring his son.

(2).當(dāng)that作介詞except, in 的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)。

They believe in that she must still be single.

I know nothing about him except that he is living in Beijing.

(3).用it做形式賓語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí) it?？梢苑旁趧?dòng)詞think, find, consider, believe, feel, make等后作為 形式賓語(yǔ)，而真正的賓語(yǔ)—that從句則放在句尾 .

I think it necessary that you should read English aloud.

We heard it that she would get married next month

由從屬連詞whether, if 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句

從屬連詞if, whether引導(dǎo)的名詞從句是由一般疑問(wèn)句或選擇疑問(wèn) 句轉(zhuǎn)化而來(lái)的，變成從句后，語(yǔ)序由原來(lái)的倒裝語(yǔ)序變成陳述 語(yǔ)序。whether和if意為“是否”常用在ask, know, find out, wonder, can(could) you tell me 等詞后

e.g.

1. Ask him whether (if) he can come. （他是否能來(lái)）

2. I don’t know whether it is going to rain or not.（是否要下雨）

當(dāng)句末為or not時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞只能用whether而不能用if.

If 與whether 的區(qū)別

1. I don’t know _____ he will come or not.

與or not 連用只能用whether

2. I don’t care of ______ he is handsome.

介詞后只能用whether

3. He wondered ______ to stay here the next week.

與to do 不定式連用只能用whether

4. ____ he will come is not decided.

作主語(yǔ)只能用whether

由連接代詞what, whom, whose, which, what及

連接副詞 when, where, how, why引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句

連接代詞：連接主句和從句，并在從句中擔(dān)任主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、 定語(yǔ)等句子成分，具有一定的意義，不可省略。

連接副詞：連接主句和從句，并在從句中作時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、 原因和方式狀語(yǔ)，具有一定的意義，不可省略。

1. He asked who could answer the question. (誰(shuí)能回答這個(gè)問(wèn)題）

2. Do you know whom they are waiting for.（他們?cè)诘日l(shuí)）

3. Please tell me when we’ll have a meeting. （我們什么時(shí)候開(kāi)會(huì)）

4. Can you tell me where he is. （他在哪兒）

5. Could you tell me how I can get to the station. （我該怎么去車(chē)站）

6. Would you tell me why the train is late（為什么火車(chē)遲到了）

實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練

1.I ’m planning a trip to the beach tomorrow, but I still can’t decide how I am going. 2.---I am wondering who/whomyou want to make friends with. ---Someone who can make me a better person.

3.This is my first day in the new school, so I have no idea where the library is. 4.Failures are common in life . But we have to know what we can learn from them.

5. I wonder whether Tom will come to my birthday party tomorrow or not.

Part2 語(yǔ)序：

陳述句語(yǔ)序   即：陳述句結(jié)構(gòu)（主+謂+其他成分）

將下列句子換成陳述句語(yǔ)序

1.Is there a bank near here?

2.Are they doing homework?

語(yǔ)序不變

What’s wrong with you? What’s the matter?

What happented ?及以who對(duì)主語(yǔ)提問(wèn)時(shí)。

小牛試刀

將下列句子合并為一句:

1.Where do they stop on the way? I asked.

I asked where they stopped on the way.

2. What will you say at the meeting?Could you tell me?

 Could you tell me what you will say at the meeting?

3. Do they like to make friends with us? He asked.

 He asked if they liked to make friends with them.

4. “ I am doing my homework.” He said.

He said that he was doing his homework.

5. “I will come back.” Tom said.

Tom said that he would come back.

Part3 時(shí)態(tài)(時(shí)態(tài)一致性）

1. 如果主句的時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從 句的時(shí)態(tài)根據(jù)具體情況來(lái)確定，可以是任何時(shí)態(tài)。

 I don’t think (that) you are right.

Please tell us where we’ll go fishing tomorrow.

Do you know when Mr. Smith moved here?

2. 如果主句的時(shí)態(tài)是一般過(guò)去時(shí)， 賓語(yǔ)從句只能用相應(yīng)的_過(guò)去_

時(shí)態(tài) （一般過(guò)去時(shí)，過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)， 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，過(guò)去完成時(shí)）。

例如：

He told me that he was born in Beijing in 1992

He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.

3.如果賓語(yǔ)從句是表示客觀真理、 自然現(xiàn)象、科學(xué)原理、格言等， 即使主句用了過(guò)去時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

He told me (that) the earth moves around the sun.

He said (that) light travels much faster than sound.

Our teacher told us (that) the sun is much bigger than the earth.

二、賓語(yǔ)從句與簡(jiǎn)單句的轉(zhuǎn)換

（一）當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)相同，且主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是hope, wish, decide, agree, choose 等時(shí)，從句可簡(jiǎn)化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。

eg: (1) I hope that I can receive your e-mail.

→ I hope to receive your e-mail。

(二）當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)相同，且主句的謂語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞是know, remember, forget, learn 等時(shí)，從句可簡(jiǎn)化為 “疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。

eg: (2) She doesn’t know what she should do next.

→She doesn’t know  what to do next.

(三）當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是ask, tell, show, teach 等時(shí)，從句可 簡(jiǎn)化為“疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。

eg:(3)Will you please show me how I can work it out?

→Will you please show me  how to work it out。

(四）當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)為祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，用 ask/tell/order sb. (not) to do sth 結(jié)構(gòu)。

eg: (4)  A: Please be quiet.

B: What did Bill say?

A: He asked us to be quiet

三、否定轉(zhuǎn)移

在含有賓語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句中，當(dāng)主句的主語(yǔ)為第一 人稱(chēng)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是think， believe, guess, suppose等時(shí)，要將從句的否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中，即主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用 否定式，賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用肯定式。

eg: (5)I don’t think he will come with you.

注意：這種句子在其后接附加問(wèn)句時(shí)，要特別小心。

eg: (6) I don’t believe he has finished the work, has he？

(7) He knew why Jim wasn’t at school , didn’t he?

解析：例6，當(dāng)主句的主語(yǔ)為第一人稱(chēng)時(shí)，附加問(wèn)句的主 語(yǔ)由賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)充當(dāng)。 例7，如果主句的主語(yǔ)非第 一人稱(chēng)時(shí)，則附加問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)由主句的主語(yǔ)充當(dāng)。

四. 賓語(yǔ)從句與形式賓語(yǔ)it

當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句后跟有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常在賓語(yǔ)從句處使用形式賓語(yǔ)it,而將真正的賓語(yǔ)從句放在句末。

I find it difficult to learn math well.

I think it best that you should stay here.

He hasn’t made itknown when he is going to get married。

賓 語(yǔ)從 句 小 結(jié)

一.結(jié)構(gòu)

1. 當(dāng)陳述句作賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí), 結(jié)構(gòu):主句+that + 主語(yǔ) +謂語(yǔ)部分

2. 當(dāng)一般疑問(wèn)句作賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),結(jié)構(gòu):主句+ if(whether) +主語(yǔ) +謂語(yǔ)部分

3. 當(dāng) 特殊疑問(wèn)句作賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),結(jié)構(gòu):主句+特殊疑問(wèn)詞+主語(yǔ) +謂語(yǔ)部分

二．主從時(shí)態(tài)關(guān)系

主句                    從句

１．一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)             時(shí)態(tài)不變

２．一般過(guò)去時(shí)           時(shí)態(tài)相應(yīng)變化

3.(特殊):任何時(shí)態(tài)         (客觀、自然現(xiàn)象)

三.語(yǔ)序：陳述語(yǔ)序   一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

鞏固練習(xí)：

I．從下列A、B、C、D中選擇一個(gè)正確選項(xiàng)填空。

１．Do you know ____ C ______________?

A. where does she live       B. she lives where

C. where she lives           D. where she live

2. His parents wanted to know what he __ B ____at that time.

A. is doing   B. was doing   C. has done   D. will do

3.—We don’t know __ C ____. -- It is said that he was born in Canada.

 A. what he is  B. when he was born  C. where he comes from  D. if he lives here

4．Lily’s mother looked for her for half an hour, but could not find ____ C ____?

A. what Lily was  B. what was Lily  C. where Lily was  D. where was Lily

5. The girls asked if they __ A __ some food and drink with them.

A. took  B. take  C. takes  D. will take

6. Linda said the moon__ C _ round the earth.

 A. travelled  B. has travelled  C. travels  D. had travelled

7. Could you please tell me ___ A _____ he will come here tomorrow? ·

A. if  B. weather  C. what  D. which · A

8. Could you tell me _ C __?

A. when will they leave Beijing   B. when would they leave Beijing

 C. when they will leave Beijing  D. when did they leave Beijing

II.改錯(cuò)：

1.Miss Zhang asked me why was I late for school.

Miss Zhang asked me why I was late for school.

2.Father told me there were four seasons in a year.

 Father told me there are four seasons in a year.

 3.He doesn’t know that when she can come back.

He doesn’t know when she can come back.

EXERGISE

1. The radio says it will be cloudy tomorrow. (be)

2. The headmaster hopes everything goeswell. (go)

3. Tom says that they were playing(play) basketball at six o’clock yesterday evening. 4. I hear he has returned (return) it already.

5. He said that he would (will) finish the job quichly .

6. He asked what they were doing at eight last night. (do)

7. The teacher told his class that light travelsfaster than sound. (travel)

8. I think you are talking about the relay race now. (talk)

9. I didn’t know whom the letters  were  from. (be)

10. I didn’t know what time he wrote the letter. (write)

11. Miss Wang told me that the earth moves(move) around the earth.

12. Could you tell me who has taken away the book already? (take)

13. Ling Feng told me he has been to several times. (be)

14. Our teacher told us in class the sun risesin the east. (rise)

15. Can you tell me what they did  yesterday? (do)

16.請(qǐng)你告訴我該怎么辦?Could you tell me what I should do ? Could you tell me what to do ?/ Could you tell me how to do it?

難點(diǎn)探索  解疑答惑

I was homeless as a teenager. On Friday afternoon, a "business man" invited me to a restaurant. I never felt any danger with him. He was just someone 1. who/ that offered me a meal.

We seldom talked too much to each other. Only "You hungry?" and "Order 2. what you want. " When we finished,he would pay the bill and leave. This happened many times. I didn't know 3. why he helped me. Maybe he was just a man ho saw a dirty girl on the street.

Now the only wish 4. that I have is that I can run into the business man"who bought me lunches and thank him. I will ever forget the warm feeling 5. which/ that a strange man gave me. I will be a warm person like him and help the one in need in the future。

學(xué)以至用

As John Ruskin puts it, "Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass". Goals of lifedetermine what we are going to be .l used to be so addicted to computer games that I had little time for study and thus fell behind. My parents and teachers were greatly worried about me. It was what my English teacher said to me that helped me out. She told me that I must have my own goal of life, otherwise my future would be hopeless and that playing computer games was fun but it wouldn’t guarantee me a bright future.

 I finally realized that I must set up a goal and work hard towards it right away.

In the days that followed, whenever felt tired or had an urge to play computer games, I thought of my goal and soon regain strength. Bearing my goal of life in mind, I am always full of energy in my study.

Saying

Sometimes we need to remind ourselves that thankful is indeed a virtue.

有時(shí)我們需要提醒自己，感激是真 正的美德。

If you can’t have the best, make the best of what you have .

沒(méi)有最好的，就充分利用先有的。