有關(guān)短期留置尿管維護(hù)的現(xiàn)有證據(jù)是什么? 短期留置導(dǎo)尿是指導(dǎo)尿管留置時間在14天(含14天)以內(nèi)者1?;颊吡糁脤?dǎo)尿管后或者拔除導(dǎo)尿管48h內(nèi)發(fā)生的泌尿系統(tǒng)感染為導(dǎo)管相關(guān)性泌尿道感染(Catheter-associated urinary tract infections,CAUTI)2。CAUTI的發(fā)生率在普通病房中和重癥監(jiān)護(hù)室中分別為3%~7%,和2.4%~17.6%3。CAUTI不僅引起發(fā)熱、畏寒等不適癥狀,還延長了患者的平均住院天數(shù),增加了治療費用3。護(hù)理人員應(yīng)正確掌握導(dǎo)尿管正確的維護(hù)方法,預(yù)防CAUTI,降低院內(nèi)感染發(fā)生率,提高患者的舒適度和生活質(zhì)量。 以中英文關(guān)鍵詞,在Cochrane循證醫(yī)學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)庫、JBI循證衛(wèi)生保健數(shù)據(jù)庫、加拿大安大略注冊護(hù)士協(xié)會、美國指南網(wǎng)、相關(guān)專業(yè)協(xié)會網(wǎng)站、Medline數(shù)據(jù)庫和中國生物醫(yī)學(xué)文獻(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)庫進(jìn)行檢索。本證據(jù)采用Joanna Briggs Institute 循證衛(wèi)生保健中心(JBI)和美國傳染病學(xué)會(Infectious Diseases Society of America, IDSA)所發(fā)布分級和推薦標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。即JBI干預(yù)性證據(jù)預(yù)分級系統(tǒng)(2014),JBI推薦意見分級系統(tǒng)(2014),IDSA證據(jù)質(zhì)量系統(tǒng)(2009),IDSA推薦強(qiáng)度系統(tǒng)(2009)。
本證據(jù)總結(jié)基于系統(tǒng)檢索循證衛(wèi)生保健數(shù)據(jù)庫。證據(jù)來源于: · 1篇納入26項臨床試驗共12,422名住院患者的cochrane系統(tǒng)評價1。 · 1篇關(guān)于短期留置尿管預(yù)防尿路感染的JBI系統(tǒng)評價2。 · 1篇對2933名成年人短期留置尿管拔除的系統(tǒng)評價3。 · 1篇關(guān)于集尿袋清空、更換和固定的JBI證據(jù)總結(jié)4。 · 1篇學(xué)位論文5。 · 1篇納入6項隨機(jī)對照試驗共789名患者的cochrane系統(tǒng)評價6。 · 1篇關(guān)于短期尿管預(yù)防尿路感染的JBI最佳實踐信息冊7。 · 1篇關(guān)于導(dǎo)尿管置管的JBI證據(jù)總結(jié)8。 · 1篇來自于中華護(hù)理雜志證據(jù)總結(jié)9。 · 1份美國傳染病學(xué)會關(guān)于成人導(dǎo)管相關(guān)性尿路感染診斷、預(yù)防和治療的指南10。 · 1份歐洲亞洲預(yù)防和處理導(dǎo)管相關(guān)性尿路感染的指南11。 · 1篇關(guān)于集尿袋選擇的JBI證據(jù)總結(jié)12。 · 1篇關(guān)于短期留置尿管抗生素使用的JBI證據(jù)總結(jié)13。 · 1篇納入10項研究共1049名患者的cochrane系統(tǒng)評價14。 · 置管維護(hù)過程中,建議由經(jīng)過培訓(xùn)的專業(yè)人員參與導(dǎo)尿管的維護(hù),維護(hù)時應(yīng)嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行手衛(wèi)生。(Grade A) · 建議用生理鹽水、滅菌注射用水或溫開水清洗尿道口、會陰區(qū)、導(dǎo)管表面,不建議常規(guī)使用抗菌溶液、乳霜或軟膏清潔尿道口、會陰區(qū)、導(dǎo)管表面。(Grade A) · 對于留置導(dǎo)尿裝置,建議引流袋內(nèi)液面低于膀胱水平,引流袋排尿端不接觸地面或尿液收集器。(Grade B) · 避免破壞引流裝置的密閉性,應(yīng)根據(jù)臨床需要更換集尿袋,而不是根據(jù)常規(guī)的時間間隔。(Grade B) · 不建議預(yù)防性全身使用抗生素、導(dǎo)管灌注抗生素或生理鹽水來預(yù)防CAUTI,不建議口服蔓越莓來降低CAUTI。(Grade B) 本證據(jù)來自于國外循證資源,在應(yīng)用該證據(jù)時,應(yīng)考慮具體的臨床情境、專業(yè)判斷和患者意愿,做出本土化決策。 [1] Lam TBL, Omar MI, Fisher E. Types of Indwelling Urethral Catheters for Short-Term Catheterisation in Hospitalised Adults. Cochrane Database of Systematic Review, 2016, 14(9). [2] Moola S & Konno R. A Systematic Review of the Management of Short-Term Indwelling Urethral Catheters to Prevent Urinary Tract Infections. Joanna Briggs Institute Library of Systematic Reviews, 2010, 8(17): 695-729. [3] Griffiths R, Fernandez R. Strategies for the Removal of Short-Term Indwelling Urethral Catheters in Adults. Cochrane Database of Systematic Review, 2007, 2. [4] The Joanna Briggs Institute. Evidence Summaries. Evidence Summary: Indwelling Urethral Catheter: Management (Community Setting). 2016. [5] 黃琨. 滅菌注射用水與碘伏清洗尿道口效果的對比研究[D]. 廣西醫(yī)科大學(xué),2011. [6] Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Short-Term Catheter Bladder Drainage in Adults. Cochrane Database of Systematic Review, 2013, 7. [7] The Joanna Briggs Institute. Management of Short-Term Indwelling Urethral Catheters to Prevent Urinary Tract Infections. Best Practice: evidence-based practice information sheets for the health professionals, 2010, 14(12): 51-53. [8] The Joanna Briggs Institute. Evidence Summary: Urinary Catheterization: Clinician Information. 2016. [9] 王瑩, 黃麗華, 馮志仙,等. 基于循證和德爾菲法構(gòu)建導(dǎo)尿管維護(hù)策略的研究[J]. 中華護(hù)理雜志, 2016, 51(2): 155-160. [10] Hooton T M, Bradley S F, Cardenas D D, et al. Diagnosis, Prevention, and Treatment of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection in Adults: 2009 International Clinical, Practice Guidelines from the Infectious Diseases Society of America[J]. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2010, 50(5): 625-663. [11] Tenke P, Kovacs B, Johansen T E B, et al. European and Asian Guidelines on Management and Prevention of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections[J]. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 2008, 31(6): 68-78. [12] The Joanna Briggs Institute. Evidence Summary: Urinary Drainage Bags: Emptying, Changing and Securing. 2016. [13] The Joanna Briggs Institute. Evidence Summaries. Urinary Catheter (Short Term): Antibiotic Policies. 2016. [14] Jepson R G, Williams G, Craig J C. Cranberries for Preventing Urinary Tract Infections. Cochrane Database of Systematic Review, 2012, 2. |
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