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［編譯介紹：潘潘，澤邸導(dǎo)師。北大文藝女中年，喜歡遠(yuǎn)方，也能詩意地棲息于眼前的茍且。愛園藝，以園丁精神育兒，但求耕耘，天成自然。兩個女兒的媽媽。］ 美國學(xué)生閱讀大數(shù)據(jù)報告 What kids are reading ：how they grow —Renaissance Learning 2015-2016學(xué)年大數(shù)據(jù)報告
背景介紹： RenaissanceLearning是一家美國云教育軟件公司，成立于1986年，創(chuàng)始人最初的目的是開發(fā)一個閱讀軟件鼓勵自己的孩子提升閱讀。公司2014年獲得谷歌4千萬美元的投資。目前在Renaissance 公司數(shù)據(jù)庫儲存了近31000所美國學(xué)校的九百九十萬個美國學(xué)生的的超過3億本書和文章的閱讀記錄，其提供的軟件包含學(xué)習(xí)測評軟件、教師用的教學(xué)軟件和學(xué)生用的涉及閱讀、數(shù)學(xué)的相關(guān)學(xué)習(xí)軟件。隨著云計算技術(shù)的發(fā)展，當(dāng)前公司的教育軟件都已搬上了云端，并形成了以大數(shù)據(jù)驅(qū)動的教學(xué)方案，提升學(xué)習(xí)效率。
報告摘要：
☆Think of any skill—piano, carpentry,cooking, algebra, basketball. What do they have in common? As cognitivescientist Daniel Willingham has said, “It is virtually impossible to becomeproficient at a mental task withoutextended practice” . This is certainly true of reading.認(rèn)知研究學(xué)者指出任何技巧性的學(xué)習(xí)如鋼琴、木工、烹飪、籃球等都需要大量的練習(xí)。閱讀也不例外。
☆To become great readers, students needhigh-quality instruction and other supports, but reading volume (time) is alsonon-negotiable. Experts who study skill acquisition know kids must dedicate sufficienttime to practice, and that this time is best spent if students have set goals,work at the optimal level of challenge, receive immediate relevant feedback,and have opportunities to elaborate on what they are learning.High exposure to words is crucial in developing vocabulary, fluency,comprehension, writing, and higher-order thinking skills. 學(xué)生要在閱讀上有所收獲，需要高水平的指導(dǎo)和支持，投入的閱讀時間同樣是至關(guān)重要的。在閱讀時間內(nèi)獲得最佳學(xué)習(xí)效果需要以下幾方面來實現(xiàn)：確定目標(biāo)，選擇最有挑戰(zhàn)的難度，及時收到相關(guān)的反饋，以及對所學(xué)知識有機(jī)會深入探究。對于詞匯積累、語言流利運用、理解力、寫作和高層次的思維技巧等方面的發(fā)展，大量和廣泛的閱讀至關(guān)重要。
☆How does reading each day impact kids’exposure to words over time?Reading is a long-term investment invocabulary exposure. We care about how much time studentsspend reading each day because it tells us a lot about their word exposure. Forstudents to build and strengthen their vocabularies, they need repeatedexposure to words in a variety of contexts. An important way students get thatexposure is largely through reading—everyday. Our data showthat, over time, the collective impact of spending a few extra minutes readingeach day can be astonishing. As shown above, the majority of students read forless than 15 minutes per day, meaning they willfinish their schooling having been exposed to only 1.5 million words. Thoughthis sounds like a lot of words, the kids who spend more than 30 minutesreading each day encounter a whopping 13.7 million words over thecourse of their schooling, a difference of more than 12 million words. 長期來看，每天堅持閱讀對孩子產(chǎn)生怎樣的影響？閱讀是一項長期的投資。我們關(guān)注孩子每天閱讀的時間，因為它具有重要的意義，孩子的詞匯量的增長和強(qiáng)化是需要在不同的文本中重復(fù)和加強(qiáng)，只有通過每天的閱讀才能實現(xiàn)。 數(shù)據(jù)顯示，每天多閱讀幾分鐘，長期堅持，聚沙成塔，所產(chǎn)生的效果是十分驚人的。大部分學(xué)生每天閱讀少于15分鐘，在完成中學(xué)學(xué)業(yè)之后，他們在閱讀中讀到的總詞匯是150萬個。雖然這個數(shù)字聽上去也非?？捎^，可是對比一下每天閱讀30分鐘的學(xué)生，他們最終接觸到1370萬個詞匯，幾乎是每天僅僅閱讀15分鐘學(xué)生的9倍。
☆As students prepare to move on tohigher levels of learning or into the workforce, nonfiction and informationaltexts help broaden their knowledge and understanding of the world around them.New rigorous academic standards stress that kids should read and comprehend awide variety of text types(literary, nonfiction, poetry, and so forth), andinformational texts are seen as particularly important. Likewise, thereading framework for the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP,2015) is often cited as a desirable mix of fiction and nonfiction reading forstudents. NAEP aims for 50% of reading in grade 4 tobe nonfiction, 55% in grade 8, and then 70% in grade 12. Our data show kidscontinue to fall far short of these grade targets at 26%, 21%, and 21%,respectively. 當(dāng)學(xué)生們進(jìn)入高等院校學(xué)習(xí)或者進(jìn)入工作崗位，非虛構(gòu)類和知識性的書籍可以擴(kuò)展他們的知識面，加深對世界的認(rèn)知。新的學(xué)術(shù)要求強(qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)生要閱讀理解多種文本（文學(xué)類，非虛構(gòu)文學(xué)，詩歌等），尤其是知識性的文本。美國國家教育進(jìn)步評測機(jī)構(gòu)（NAEP）提出的文學(xué)類與非文學(xué)類的閱讀比例架構(gòu)被認(rèn)為是一個理想的參照標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：非文學(xué)類比例，4年級50%，8年級55%，12年級70%。但是現(xiàn)狀是：4年級24%，8年級34%，12年級49%。
Most popularnonfiction reading nationwide, grades 6–8 全國6至8年級非文學(xué)類作品閱讀，各州閱讀量最多的作品
...七年...
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