1、強(qiáng)調(diào)句的構(gòu)成:

2、關(guān)于“被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分”

⑴“被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分”最常見的是句子的主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)，特殊情況下也可能是賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等成分。如：

My father met with an old friend of his [in the street] [yesterday].

→ It was my father that/who met with an old friend of his in the street yesterday.（主語(yǔ)）

→ It was an old friend of his (that/whom) my father met with in the street yesterday.（賓語(yǔ)）

→ It was in the street that my father met with an old friend of his yesterday.（地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)）

→ It was yesterday that my father met with an old friend of his in the street.（時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)）

⑵“被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分”通常不能是表語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、though/although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句或whereas引導(dǎo)的從屬分句等。但是，如果當(dāng)系動(dòng)詞不是be,且表語(yǔ)部分是名詞性詞組時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)句也可以強(qiáng)調(diào)表語(yǔ)。如：

①The picture is wonderful.

→It is wonderful that the picture is. (×)

②He becomes head of the department now.

→It is head of the department that he becomes now. (√)

⑶“被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分”是原因狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，只能強(qiáng)調(diào)由because引導(dǎo)，而不能強(qiáng)調(diào)由since/as/why 等引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句。

It was because the water had risen that they could not cross the river. (√)

It was since they’ve obviously forgotten to phone me that I’ll have to phone them. (×)

⑷如果強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作，“被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分”也可以是動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式。如：It was meeting Peter that really started me off on this new line of work.

⑸ “被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分”也可以是賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。

It is green that they painted the wall.

3、強(qiáng)調(diào)句中that的用法

⑴“被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分”不論是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)還是地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，只能用that，而不能用when, where。

It was in Berlin that I first saw this film.

It was then that I recalled that I had left my wristwatch up in the bar.

⑵ “被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分”如果是表示人的名詞作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用who或whom代替that。

It was my father who met with an old friend of his in the street yesterday.

⑶“被強(qiáng)調(diào)的句子成分”如果是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)、直接賓語(yǔ)或間接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，that可省略。

It was in that bookstore (that) I came across that book.

It was a new dictionary (that) Father sent to me.

It was only yesterday (that) we first met.

It is not I (who) to blame.

4、強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的主謂一致

“被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分”如果是人稱代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常用主格代詞，但在口語(yǔ)中也常常使用賓格形式，但要注意人稱和數(shù)的一致。試比較：

I suppose it is I who am responsible.

I suppose it is me who is responsible.

5、強(qiáng)調(diào)句的常見句式變化

⑴ 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的疑問結(jié)構(gòu)

一般疑問句：Is/Was it that …?

特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+is/was it that …?

Was it her that you were talking about?

Was it last year that you got the scholarship?

Where was it that you saw the man?

Who was it that you want to see?

How is it that your answer differs from his?

What is it that you want me to say?

⑵“被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分”如果是狀語(yǔ)，且主句又為否定句時(shí)，通常發(fā)生“否定的轉(zhuǎn)移”。如：

①I did not see my mother again until last year.

→ It was not until last year that I saw my mother again.

②He did not feel happy until he saw her.

→ It was not until he saw her that he felt happy.

③I did not have an opportunity of seeing them again for several years.

→ It was not for several years that I had an opportunity of seeing them again.

④I did not do it for myself.

→ It was not for myself that I did it.

6、強(qiáng)調(diào)句和限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別

⑴ 強(qiáng)調(diào)句的“黃金法則”：在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中，任何情況下使用It和 that都不會(huì)錯(cuò)。注意：使用了it和that的句子并不一定都是強(qiáng)調(diào)句。

⑵ 強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的that是個(gè)虛詞，在句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，無實(shí)在意義，僅起著標(biāo)志性作用，有時(shí)可以省略。

定語(yǔ)從句中的that作用有三：

一是引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句

二是指代先行詞，表示人或物

三是代替先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)等成分。充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)時(shí)常常可以省略。

⑶ 強(qiáng)調(diào)句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般只能是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或過去時(shí)的單數(shù)形式is和was，偶爾根據(jù)需要可采取復(fù)雜的形式。如：

It must have been his father that you saw just now.

It might be his father that you’re thinking of.

但定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則有時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣等各種形式的變化。

⑷ 強(qiáng)調(diào)句的“判別方法”——強(qiáng)調(diào)句如果去掉了It is/was … that …還可以還原為一個(gè)正常語(yǔ)序的陳述句，而且保持句子的結(jié)構(gòu)完整，意義不變。而定語(yǔ)從句去掉關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞后，則通常需要還原成為兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句。試比較：

It is the tool that is most needed.（強(qiáng)調(diào)）

→The tool is most needed.

This is the tool that is most needed.（定從）

→This is the tool. The tool is most needed.