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1. 被動語態(tài)的構成: “助動詞be＋及物動詞的過去分詞”（注意:不及物動詞沒有被動語態(tài)）.其中的助動詞be有人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化.其變化形式如下: 主語＋is / am / are （not）＋動詞的過去分詞 （2）.一般過去時的被動語態(tài): 主語＋was / were（not）＋動詞的過去分詞 The bridge was built by the workers last year. The work was finished an hour ago. （3）.含情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài): The trees should be planted before Tuesday. （4）. 一般將來時的被動語態(tài): 主語＋will / shall （not）＋be＋動詞的過去分詞 Trees will be planted on the hill next year. （5）.現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài): （6）現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài): The bridge is being built now. Trees are being planted on the hill now. 2. 被動語態(tài)的用法:（1）當我們不知道動作的執(zhí)行者是誰,或者動作的執(zhí)行者是誰并不重要時,需用被動語態(tài).如: Rice is grown in South China. Silk is produced in Suzhou. （2）當我們需要強調(diào)動作的承受者時,常用被動語態(tài). 3. 主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的方法: （1）主動語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語; （2）主動語態(tài)的謂語動詞變?yōu)?/strong>: be＋過去分詞,其中的be有人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化. （3）主動語態(tài)的主語變?yōu)榻樵~by的賓語,組成介詞短語,放在被動語態(tài)謂語動詞之后,在動作執(zhí)行者無須說明或不必強調(diào)時,by短語可省略. 如: ① Many people speak English. ② We must speak to the old people politely. The old people must be spoken to politely by us. ③ He cleaned the room yesterday. The room was cleaned by him yesterday. 4. 用法注意:（1）主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài),在時態(tài)上要保持一致;同時,變化后的被動語態(tài)的主謂語要一致. （2）在主動語態(tài)中,make , let , hear , see , watch , notice 等詞,其后跟省略to的動詞不定式(動詞原形),在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時,必須還原動詞不定式符號to.如: We heard him sing this song in the room. The boss made him work 14 hours a day. I see him walk to school He is seen to walk to school. （3）帶雙賓語的動詞give, send , teach , lend , show ,pass ,tell等,在變成被動語態(tài)時,可以有兩種情況.如果用直接賓語(物)作為被動語態(tài)的主語,這時,間接賓語前要加介詞to;如果用間接賓語（人）做主語,則不加to. 如: My friend gave me a pen yesterday I was given a pen by my friend yesterday. A pen was given to me by my friend yesterday He often tells the children some stories. The children are often told some stories by him. Some stories are often told to the children by him. （4）但能帶雙賓語的詞buy , make , draw , sing , choose , cook 等,如果用直接賓語作為被動語態(tài)的主語,這時,間接賓語前要加介詞for;如果用間接賓語做主語,則不加for.如: She bought me a pen yesterday. I was bought a pen yesterday. A pen was bought for me yesterday. Her mother made her a dress. She was made a dress by her mother. A dress was made for her by her mother. （5）不及物動詞帶介詞和介詞賓語,在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時,仍然要帶上介詞,如: The students should listen to the teacher carefully The teacher should be listened to carefully. The nurse takes care of the babies. The babies are taken care of by the nurse. We should speak to the old people politely （6）有些動詞如: sell ,smell, taste, sound, feel, grow等,如果主語是物,不用被動語態(tài), 則強調(diào)的是主語的特征。 The flowers smell good.這些花聞起來好聞。 The books sell well.這些書很暢銷 Rice grows in the south.水稻生長在南方. （7）主動句不能變被動句的情況: ①有些動詞形式上是及物動詞,但它不表示動作,因此它沒有被動語態(tài),如: have（有）, fit（適合于）, cost（花費）等動詞. I have a book. This coat fits me well. The coat cost her 200 yuan. ②當主動句的謂語動詞的賓語是反身代詞時,不能變?yōu)楸粍泳?/strong>. The boy can dress himself ③當主動句的謂語動詞賓語為相互代詞時,不能變?yōu)楸粍泳?/strong>.We should help each other. 1. An apple ____ (give) to me just now. 2.The room_____ (clean）by the students every day. 3.Books should _____ (not 4.Can the work_____（finish） in two hours? 5. ____this song____（sing）by the boy yesterday? 6.He _____ (see) _____（dance）in the room yesterday. 7.Three letters_______ (write）already. 1.This story was happened on a summer evening. 2. He is often made stand in class. 3.A bike was bought him by his father. 5. These children are taken good care. 6. I have a lot of work to be done. 7. This problem is too difficult for me to be 8. This dress was cost her 100 yuan. |
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