單　　元：Unit 3 The meaning of colour

板　　塊：詞匯

精選詞匯講解

 1. sew  

[課文原句] These flags are more than just colourful pieces of cloth and thread sewn together.(Page34, Lines 1-2)

[點撥] sew在句中用作接物動詞，意為“縫制，縫補”。再如：

I made this skirt just by sewing two pieces of material together.

我把兩片材料縫在一起做成了裙子。

[拓展] 動詞sew還可與up連用，構(gòu)成短語sew sth up或sew up sth，意為 “把……縫起來”。如：

A nurse will come and sew up that wound for you soon.

護士很快就會來給你縫傷口的。

2. rid  

[課文原句]The French Revolution was successful in ridding society of inequality ,which had a great effect on many other countries ,particularly those in Europe.(Page 34,Lines 20-21)

[點撥] rid  在句中用作接物動詞，意為 “解除，免除，使擺脫”，后面常接of，構(gòu)成短語rid sb/sth of sth/sb 。再如：

Our aim is to rid this government of corruption.

我們的目的就是鏟除這個腐敗的政府。

[拓展] (1)rid還可構(gòu)成短語be rid of , 意為 “免除，擺脫，去掉”。如：

I didn’t enjoy marking these papers and I was glad to be rid of them.

我不喜歡批閱這些文件，并很高興擺脫他們。

（2）rid還可構(gòu)成短語get rid of , 意為 “除掉，賣掉，擺脫掉”。如：

I used weedkiller to get rid of the weeds in the garden.

我用殺蟲劑來除掉花園里的蟲子。

Have you managed to get rid of your old Volvo yet?

你賣掉你的舊沃爾沃車了嗎？

We got rid of our unwelcome guests by saying we had to go to bed.

我們說得睡覺了，這樣趕走了不受歡迎的客人。

3. elect  

[課文原句] In fact, some countries elected to substitute their flags with tricolour flags, after the French.。(Page 34, Lines 21-22)

[點撥] elect  在句中用作接物動詞，意為“選擇，選定，決定”，后面常接不定式。再如：

The group elected one of its members to be their spokesperson.

這個團體選擇了其中的一個成員來做發(fā)言人。

[拓展] elect  還可意為 “選舉，選拔，推選，推舉”，后面通常接復(fù)合賓語，其賓語補足語是被選舉的職務(wù)。  

She was elected Chair of the Board of Governors.

她被選為政府委員會的主席。

We elected him as our representative.

我們選他作為我們的代表。

它的名詞為election。如：  

Local government elections will take place in May.

當(dāng)?shù)氐恼x舉要在五月進行。

4. tolerate

[課文原句]As taxpayers, they felt that they could no longer tolerate not having a say in the government. (Page35,Lines 29-30)

[點撥] tolerate在句中用作接物動詞，意為“容忍，忍受”。再如：

I will not tolerate that sort of behaviour in my class.

我不能在我的課堂上容忍那種行為。

[拓展] tolerate名詞為tolerance,形容詞為tolerant，副詞為tolerantly。如：

My tolerance of heat is considerably greater after having lived in the Far East for a couple of years.在遠東生活了兩三年之后，我的耐熱能力明顯增強。

On the continent people are more tolerant of children in public places.

在大陸地區(qū)，人們在公共場合對孩子的容忍度大一些。

I would tell my grandmother about all the crazy things I'd been doing and she would just smile tolerantly.  如果我告訴祖母我所做的這一切瘋狂的事情，她只會寬容地笑笑。

5. oppose  

[課文原句]They desired independence ,but the British opposed this.(Page 35,Line 30)

[點撥] oppose在句中用作接物動詞，意為 “反對，反抗，抵抗”。再如：

Most of the local residents opposed the closing of their hospital.

大部分當(dāng)?shù)鼐用穹磳﹃P(guān)閉他們的醫(yī)院。

[拓展] oppose的形容詞為opposed，可構(gòu)成短語be opposed to sth/doing sth. 名詞為opposition。如：

She's opposed to religious education in schools.

她反對在學(xué)校進行宗教教育。

The unions are in opposition to the government over the issue of privatization.

這個聯(lián)合會在私有化的問題上反對政府。

6. correspond

[課文原句]I also learnt that the same colour can correspond to different meanings in different cultures. (Page 37, Lines 3-4)

[點撥] correspond在句中用作不接物動詞，意為 “相符，一致，相稱”。

再如：His story of what happened that night didn't correspond with the witness's version.

他的描述與目擊者的不符。

[拓展] correspond用作不接物動詞，還可意為“通信”。后面常接介詞to。如：

The money I've saved corresponds roughly to the amount I need for my course.

我攢的錢大致能滿足于我上這個課程需要的錢。

We've corresponded with each other for years but I've never actually met him. 

我們聯(lián)系了好多年，但我還沒有真正的見過他。

correspond的名詞為correspondence 。如：

The survey found no correspondence between crime and unemployment rates.

這個調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)在犯罪和失業(yè)率之間沒有聯(lián)系。

7. resign

[課文原句]They refused to resign themselves to this status, so they started a revolution.(Page 37, Lines 12-13)

[點撥] resign在此句中用作接物動詞，意為 “聽任，順從，辭職，辭去”。再如：

She resigned her children to the care of a neighbor.

她把孩子交給鄰居照管。

[拓展] resign用作接物動詞，還可構(gòu)成短語resign oneself to sth。如：

He resigned himself to living alone.

他安于獨自生活。

resign還可用作不接物動詞，如：

After she had taken my room, there was nothing I could really do except resign.

在他占了我的位置之后，我只能辭職。

Resign的名詞為resignation 。如：

I handed in my resignation this morning.

我今天早上上交了我的辭職報告。

8. march

[課文原句]They cheer and wave flags as the Queen and her soldiers march by.(Page 41, Lines 17-18)

[點撥] march在此句中用作不接物動詞，意為“行軍，行進”。再如：

The soldiers marched 90 miles in three days.

士兵三天行進了九十英里。

[拓展] march還可用作接物動詞，意為 “使同行”。如：

Without saying a word, she took hold of my arm and marched me off to the headmaster's office.

她一句話沒說就抓住我的胳膊，把我?guī)нM了校長辦公室。

march還可用作名詞，意為“行軍，行進，示威游行”。如：

It is impossible to stop the forward march of progress/time.

阻止進展是不可能的。

9. calm

[課文原句] A purple face shows a just and calm character. (Page 43, Line23)

[點撥] calm在句中用做形容詞，意為 “沉著的，冷靜的”。又如：

It is important to keep calm in an emergency.

在緊急情況中保持冷靜是很重要的。

[拓展] calm用作形容詞，還可意為“靜的，平靜的”。如：

After a night of fighting, the streets are now calm.

經(jīng)過一夜的斗爭，街道安靜下來了。

calm還可用作動詞，意為“平靜下來,鎮(zhèn)靜”。 可構(gòu)成短語calm (sb) down 。如：

 He tried to calm the screaming baby by rocking it back and forth.

他想通過來回搖晃使哭鬧的嬰兒安靜下來。

She sat down and took a few deep breaths to calm herself down.

她坐下來，深呼吸了幾下來使自己平靜。

calm還可用作名詞，意為“平靜”。如：

It was the calm of the countryside that he loved so much.

他極喜歡的是鄉(xiāng)村的寧靜。

10. suit

[課文原句]Roses are red, violets are blue, but which of the two really suits you ?（Page 46,title ）

[點撥] suit在句中用作動詞，表示“適合”。又如：

[考點鏈接]—How about eight o’clock outside the cinema?

 —That ______ me fine.（2004全國Ⅱ，26）

A. fits             B. meets        C. satisfies             D. suits

suit me fine 對我很適合，fine在此句中是副詞，相當(dāng)于very well, fit作“適合”講時，后面直接跟賓語;satisfy使……滿意。正確答案為D。

 [拓展] suit用作動詞，還可表示“相配”。

Short skirts don't really suit me —I haven't got the legs for them.

短裙不適合我，我的腿不漂亮。

suit還可用作名詞，表示“西服”。如：

He is wearing a black suit which attracts the attention of many girls. 

他穿了一件黑西服，這吸引了很多女孩的注意力。

11. make up

[課文原句]At that time, there were thirteen states, which is far fewer than the fifty that make up today’s USA. (Page34, Lines 26-27)

[點撥] make up在句中表示“組成”。又如：

Eleven football players make up a football team.

十一名隊員組成了一個足球隊。

[拓展] make sth up還可表示“編造，收拾，湊足，化裝，組成，和解，彌補，補充”。如：

[考點鏈接] Everybody in the village likes Jack because he is good at telling and _______ his notes. (2005 江蘇23)

A. turning up       B. putting up        C. making up       D. showing up

make up 意為“編造”， 根據(jù)上下文的意思可以判斷出Jack善于講和編笑話。turn up發(fā)現(xiàn)，找到; put up建立;露面，露出.答案為C。

Could you make up a list of all the things that need to be done?

你能把要做的事情列個單子嗎？

I have £20,000 and I need £25,000 but my parents have promised to make up the difference.

我有兩萬元，但我需要兩萬五千元，但我的父母答應(yīng)我補足差額。

We're hoping to make up time on the return journey by not stopping at night.

返程中，我們希望通過連夜趕路來彌補時間。

She takes ages to make up in the mornings.

她早上要花很長時間化妝。

Road accident victims make up almost a quarter of the hospital's patients.

交通事故受害者占醫(yī)院病人的近四分之一。

We often quarrel but we always make it up soon after.

我們總爭吵，但很快就復(fù)合。

12. date back to

[課文原句]The flag, which could not be further simplified, is a red band over a white one, and is based on a national flag dating back to the 13^th century that had nine red and white stripes.(Page 35, Lines 44-46)

[點撥] date back to表示“追溯到……，始于……”。又如：

Their friendship dates back to the time that they were children.

他們的友誼始于兒時。

[拓展] date back to通常用一般現(xiàn)在時,只能用于主動語態(tài)。還可以換成date from 。如：

The old temple dates back to /from the Tang Dynasty.

這個舊廟建于唐朝。

13. have a link

[課文原句]Another suggestion is that the colours have a link with food. (page 35,Line49)

[點撥] have a link表示“與……有聯(lián)系”。又如：

Research has showed that liver trouble has a link with drinking.

研究表明肝臟衰竭與喝酒有關(guān)系。

[拓展] have a link還可用there be a link來表示。如：

There's a direct link between diet and heart disease.

飲食和心臟病有直接的聯(lián)系。

表示“與……有聯(lián)系”還可用be linked to，be related to, be associated with ,be connected with來表示。如：

The explosions are not thought to be linked to the organization in any way.

無論從哪方面看，人們都認為這些爆炸與該組織無關(guān)。

14. have a say [課文原句] As taxpayers, they felt that they could no longer tolerate not having a say in the government. (Page35, Lines 29-30)

[點撥] have a say表示“對……有發(fā)言權(quán)”。再如：

When he's 18, he'll begin to have a say in the running of the family business.

到他十八歲時，就可以對經(jīng)營家族生意有發(fā)言權(quán)。

[拓展] have a say 還可表示have some/one’s/no/little say 。

如：The staff had little/no say in the restructuring of the company.

員工對公司的重建（幾乎）沒有發(fā)言權(quán)。

15. relate to

[課文原句]However, some people say the colours relate to food because Indonesians eat a lot of rice, which is white, and a tasty kind of sugar that is red. (Page 37,Lines 17-19)

[點撥] relate to sb/sth表示“與……有聯(lián)系，與……有關(guān)聯(lián)”。又如：

The speech he gave related to the development of Chinese acupuncture.

他的演講跟中國針灸有關(guān)。

[拓展] relate to 還可表示“理解”。如：

Many parents find it hard to relate to their children when they are teenagers.

許多父母覺得理解處于青春期的孩子很難。

16. take place

[課文原句]It takes place on Horse Guards Parade , the entrance to the Royal Palace.（Page41, Lines 2-3）

[點撥] take place表示“發(fā)生”，不能用于被動語態(tài)。又如：

An accident took place at this cross three years ago.

三年前在這個路口發(fā)生過一起事故。

[拓展] occur, happen, take place 三者都表示“發(fā)生”，都是不及物動詞。happen指“偶然發(fā)生”時，主語為事；當(dāng)主語是人時，意為“碰巧”。occur 指“發(fā)生”時可與 happen 換用，但后接to sb．／sth．時，兩者含義不同：happen to sb．／sth． 指不好的事情發(fā)生在某人（物）身上；occur to sb．／sth． 指某種思想等呈現(xiàn)于某人的知覺中。take place 表示發(fā)生，可與 happen 或occur換用，但其后面一般不接 to sb．／sth．結(jié)構(gòu)；指必然會發(fā)生的或計劃發(fā)生的事情時，多用 take place；此外take place 還可表示舉行某種活動。如：

He happened to know the place.

他碰巧知道這個地方。

When did the earthquake occur／happen?

地震何時發(fā)生？

Didn’t it occur to you to phone them about it?

你沒想到給他們打電話嗎？

Has anything happened to him?

他發(fā)生什么事了？

In 1919, the May 4th Movement took place.

在1919年，“五四”運動發(fā)生了。

三、  詞匯拓展訓(xùn)練

（一）單項填空

1. He______ from the company in order to take a more challenging job.

     A. came         B. resigned          C. graduated      D. retired

2. His contribution was of little or no practical _______.

      A. wish         B. profit                 C. value             D. hope

3. Vitamins should not be used as a(an) ______ for a healthy diet.

      A. substitute       B. alternative             C. imitation          D. representation

4. I tried to ___________ in my speech how grateful we all were for his help.

      A. convey       B. communicate        C. contact                 D. correspond

5. Five hundred troops were sent in, more as a ______ gesture than as a real threat.

       A. real            B. ideal             C. facial               D. symbolic

6. We asked a ______ selection of people what they thought.

       A. arbitrarily      B. random             C. ordered             D. systematic

7. She was hit on the head by a stone and knocked ______.

      A. down          B. unconscious         C. at                  D. conscious

8. English is compulsory for all students, but art and music are __________.

       A. required          B. optional             C .included            D. obtained

9. His finger was cut off when he caught it in a machine, but the surgeon was able to_____ it back on.

       A. sew             B. cure                 C. treat                     D. operate

10. She______ to take early retirement instead of moving to the new location.

       A. accepted          B. admitted             C. concluded            D. elected

（二）單詞拼寫

1.After reading her letter, I came to the ___________(結(jié)論) that she was a very intelligent person.

2.All men should be treated with __________(公正).

3.I take this _________(嚴肅) . It is a matter of principle.

4.They __________( 選舉) Tom as their representative.

5.I cannot _______________(忍受) your bullying your younger brother.

6.She is ______________(考慮周到的) of other people’s feelings.

7.He’s obviously a man of very high __________(智力)

8.I must have skipped a page, because I lost the _________(線索) of the story.

9.Word processors are being ________(代替) for typewriters.

10. Woodwork was an ____________(可選擇的) subject at our school.

（三）詞組填空

1.       We must _________ a new chair _____ the broken one .

2.       The picture _________ me ________ the days we spent in the faraway countryside.

3.       If Miss Wang is ill, I will ___________ her.

4.       His laziness _________ his study.

5.       We had to ________ the fact that we made a loss on the sale.

6.       The written record of the conversation doesn’t ___________ what was actually said.

1.       She didn’t feel happy until she ______________ on the problem.

2.       I offered the beggar a meal and he sang a song _________.

3.       What I said just now __________ the answer, so try to find it.

4.       PRC____________ the People’s Republic of China.

5.       I am not going to ______________ their smoking any longer.

6.       Wealth is seldom ____________ happiness.

（四）綜合填空

  M=May       T=Teddy

M: I am told that you’ve just been back from the USA. Will you tell me something about (1) h__________ the students there spend their summer holiday?

T: OK. In the USA, summer is the (2) s_________ of swimming pools, barbeques, camping and road trips. Road trip vacations are (3) p___________ popular with college students, and (4) t_________ like to explore the country on wheels. The best part (5) a________ car trips is that you can stop and explore if you get interested I (6) t__________ you see along the way. And you don’t have to plan in (7) a _______. You can just get into a car and drive.

M: What about the expense?

T: Even with high gas prices, driving with friends is (8) c___________ than flying.

M: But what can one do if he or she doesn’t have a car?

T: Though many college students don’t (9) o_______ a car, most have access to one. I once used a (10) b________ car travelling from New York to New Orleans.

（五）短文填空

Dear Juanya,

I read an interesting article about national flags today. It said that the (1)_______ used on a flag (2) _______ things about that country. I also learnt that the same color can correspond to different meanings in different cultures!

The French flag is red, white and (3)_________ . The color white represents peace and honesty, red stands for (4)______, revolution, strength and blood of the French ,and blue symbolizes (5)__________and justice. This flag was first used at the start of the  French Revolution that brought liberation to the people. The USA also began using a red, white and blue flag following a (6) _______ of taxes but got nothing in return. They refused to resign themselves to this status , so they started a revolution. After separation from Britain, the flag has reminded Americans that they had to fight for __________.

Indonesia’s red and white flag also has special meanings. The most common explanation is that red represents blood and white stands for (9) ________ things. However, some people say the colors relate to food because Indonesians eat a lot of rice, which is white and a tasty kind of (10)___________ that is red ! This may sound foolish, but the next time I see the Indonesian flag, I think I will feel hungry !

Sincerely 

Tianzhu

參考答案

（一）單項填空：1-5 BCAAD  6-10BBBAD

（二）單詞拼寫：

       1. conclusion        2.justice               3.seriously    4. elected             5. tolerate   

       6. considerate        7. intelligence       8. thread       9. substituted      10. optional 

（三）詞組填空：

       (A) 1. substitute with       2. reminded of         3. take the place of

       4. has a bad effect on    5. resign ourselves to    6. correspond to

       (B) 1. had a say                  2. in return                   3. had a link with  

          4. stands for                  5. put up with          6. related to

（四）綜合填空：

       1. how           2. season       3. particularly    4. they           5. about 

       6. things       7. advance     8. cheaper            9. own         10. borrowed 

（五）短文填空：

       1. colours             2. represent  3. blue                  4. bravery            5. liberty

       6. revolution        7. Britain      8. independence    9. spiritual           10 sugar