短文改錯指導(dǎo) 短文改錯滿分為10分,分?jǐn)?shù)不多但是每一分都很關(guān)鍵。很多同學(xué)在做此題時會遇到以下幾點困惑:第一、拿過題來不知如何下手;第二、特別是在讀不懂文章的時候,或丟掉不做或草草了事,得分率很低。面對以上兩個主要困惑,筆者認(rèn)為從有效掌握解題思路和熟悉出題規(guī)律,以及破解題目關(guān)鍵兩大處入手,此類題目就會迎刃而解,為你高考的成功之路再添一股強(qiáng)有勁的動力。 解題思路(三步解題法): 第一步、快速瀏覽全文,把握文章的主要時態(tài)、人稱及文章的主旨大意,順便標(biāo)記自己一眼就能看出的錯誤。 第二步、細(xì)讀文章的每一句話。一般要結(jié)合文章的前后句以及出題規(guī)律來做題。 第三步、代入已經(jīng)修改完成的答案通讀全文,看其是否通順。 注意:在修改過程當(dāng)中,一定要相信自己的第一感覺。即一般來說,第一次填寫的答案正確率比較高,沒有十足地把握不易輕易改正! 二、出題規(guī)律以及破解關(guān)鍵: 高考短文改錯出題人一般會在以下八個方面進(jìn)行出題。掌握出題規(guī)律之后做題便會事半功倍! 1.動詞: ?。?/SPAN>1)主要考察能力:時態(tài)、主謂是否一致、固定搭配。 ?。?/SPAN>2)出題形式: ①時態(tài)混用 ie, Then the trouble started. We can not open the door. So we asked the policeman for help. 講解:很顯然此句子主時態(tài)是一般過去式,因此應(yīng)把can改為could。 ②主謂不一致 ie, There were a football game on TV last Saturday evening. 講解:原句中a football game決定了謂語動詞必須用單數(shù),所以應(yīng)該把were改為was。 ③固定搭配 ie, I have given up somke. The dog doesn’t like the smell. 講解:give up doing sth。因此動詞somke應(yīng)該改為somking。 2.名詞: ?。?/SPAN>1)主要考察能力:單復(fù)數(shù)混用。 ?。?/SPAN>2)出題形式: 單復(fù)數(shù)混用 ie, Helen is seventeen year old. She is very busy. 講解:“年齡多大了”應(yīng)該為復(fù)數(shù)形式,應(yīng)此應(yīng)該把year改為years。 注意:代詞單復(fù)數(shù)混用類似。 ie, As for a friendship, we can readily find them in our classmates and other people around us. 講解:顯然因該把them改為it,指代前面提及的friendship。此句話意思是“就友誼來說,我們可以很容易地從我們的同學(xué)和周圍的人中找到。” 3.形容詞/副詞 ?。?/SPAN>1)主要考察能力:兩者之間是否混用。 (2)出題形式: 形容詞與副詞混用。即該用形容詞的地方原文用了副詞,該用副詞的地方原文用了形容詞。 ①副詞代替正確形容詞出現(xiàn)在文章當(dāng)中 ie, During the football season, Helen is much busier than usually. 講解:很明顯“與平時相比較更忙”,因此需要把usually改為usual。 ②形容詞代替正確副詞出現(xiàn)在文章當(dāng)中 ie, As the time clock showed one minute and forty-two seconds leaft in the game, she began cheering excited, “Come on-get going!” 講解:原文意思是說比賽還剩一分四十二秒時,她開始興奮地叫道-----,顯然應(yīng)把excited改為excitedly,用來修飾動詞cheer。 4.介詞 (1)主要考察能力:(特別是與動詞的)固定搭配。 (2)出題形式: ①介詞省略 ie, I’m surt you will get rid the sorrow and unhappiness caused by the disaster. 講解:get rid of 是固定搭配,意思為“擺脫,除去” ②介詞多余 ie,My wife is also happy because of I have given up smoking. 講解:這里顯然示對because of與because用法的辨別區(qū)分。前者不能接句子,而后者充當(dāng)連詞可以接句子。所以應(yīng)該把of去掉。 ③介詞用錯(一般為固定搭配) ie, I pick out her false hair and said, “Don’t be sad, Miss.” 講解:pick out應(yīng)該為pick up。pick out挑選的意思;pick up撿起的意思。 5.連詞 ?。?/SPAN>1)主要考察能力:前后兩句話之間的銜接關(guān)系。 ??既N關(guān)系: but轉(zhuǎn)折 and并列 because原因 ①ie, One day, my wife and I went shopping at a store. We drove the car but we had a lot of things to buy. 講解:顯然原文中所要表達(dá)的意思是“我們開車去的原因是因為我們要買好多東西”,所以應(yīng)該把but改為because/as/for。 ②ie,Chatting on line, students can more freely express their feelings and opinions, but improve their English if they are talking with native speakers. 講解:原文表達(dá)的意思是“通過網(wǎng)上聊天,學(xué)生能夠更加輕松自由地表達(dá)自己的想法和觀點,并且如果他們同外國人交談,能夠提高他們的水平。”所以前后句之間是并列關(guān)系,因該把but改為and. 6.句式 (1)主要考察能力:???/SPAN>that與what或which/how與what之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。 ?。?/SPAN>2)出題形式: ①ie, She never has enough time for that she wants to do. 講解:原文意思是“她沒有足夠多的時間來做自己想做的事情”,很明顯應(yīng)該把that改為what。 注意:這一形式是改錯常考點。 ②ie, We Chinese people have always been concerned about which has happened in your area. 講解:原文中需要一個連接詞承接前后連個句子,這個連接詞充當(dāng)be concerned about引導(dǎo)賓語從句中的主語,所以應(yīng)該把which改為what。 7. 冠詞 (1)主要考察能力:句中冠詞是否多余 ?。?/SPAN>2)出題形式: ①冠詞多余 ie, I sat in the front of the TV at 7 o’clock, when the game just began. 講解:區(qū)分in front of sth和in the front of sth。解決這個問題記住一句順口溜就可以了“有the是內(nèi)無the是外”,即in the front of sth顯然是指在事物(sth)內(nèi)部空間的前面,比如說I prefer to travel in the front of the car.(我愿意坐在汽車的前面);而in front of sth是指事物(sth)外部空間的前面,比如說the car stops in front of the house(汽車停在房前)。因此原文中應(yīng)該把the去掉。 ②冠詞遺漏 ie, As we all left home at early age, we met lots of problems in our daily life. 講解:at an ---- age固定搭配詞組,表示“出于---年齡”,比如說at an early/tender age,可以翻譯為“很小/年幼的時候” 8.代詞 (1)主要考察能力:代詞是否多余,以及與反身代詞之間的混用。 ?。?/SPAN>2)出題形式: ①代詞多余 ie, Don’t lose your heart. With the help of the people all over the world, I’m sure you will get rid of the sorrow and unhappiness. 講解:lose heart:become discouraged泄氣;喪失勇氣;而lose one’s heart(to sb/st):fall in love愛上;鐘情于。原文意思很明顯是“別泄氣”。所以應(yīng)該把your去掉。一字之差,離題千里。 ②代詞混用 ie, We were living in a big family. We treate each other as brothers and sisters. If any one of them had any difficulty, the other would help him or her out. 講解: 原文意思是說“我們生活在一個大家庭之中,彼此間相處如同兄弟姐妹。如果我們之中誰有困難,其他人就會幫助他/她解決困難。”所以應(yīng)把them改為us;把other改為others。 注意:the other表示兩者之中“另一個”;the others表示在一個范圍內(nèi)的其他全部。如圖所示: ③代詞遺漏 ie, A teacher could make classes lively and interesting. 講解: 應(yīng)該在classes前加his,表示“使他的課堂生動有趣”。 |
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