2017屆高考英語短文改錯常見錯誤例析短文改錯考查同學(xué)們發(fā)現(xiàn)、判斷、糾正文章錯誤的能力。短文改錯的文章多采用記敘文,其長度通常在90~120詞之間;語言淺顯易懂,基本上不涉及生僻的語言現(xiàn)象和復(fù)雜的語句結(jié)構(gòu)。 短文改錯主要考查冠詞、名詞、代詞、形容詞、副詞、動詞時態(tài)、非謂語動詞、連詞、介詞等。 1.名詞 名詞是短文改錯的重點考查內(nèi)容,其考點主要涉及名詞單復(fù)數(shù)、名詞所有格、名詞與形容詞等詞形的轉(zhuǎn)化等。 【考例1】Myuncle tells me that the key to his success is honest. (2016全國卷I) 【答案及解析】honest → honesty。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,從句中的主語為the key,表語應(yīng)為honest的名詞形式。句意:我叔叔告訴我他成功的關(guān)鍵是誠實守信。 【考例2】Ifwe go on a trip abroad,we can broaden our view and gain knowledges we cannotget from books. (2016全國卷II) 【答案及解析】knowledges → knowledge。knowledge是不可數(shù)名詞,沒有復(fù)數(shù)。 【考例3】Theteenage year from 13 to19 were the most difficult time for me. (2016全國卷III) 【答案及解析】year → years。根據(jù)謂語動詞were可知,名詞year應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 2. 冠詞 冠詞是短文改錯中的高頻考點,其主要涉及冠詞的缺失、冠詞濫用、定冠詞(the)和不定冠詞(a, an)的混用。 【考例1】Myuncle says that he never dreams of becoming rich in the short period of time. (2016全國卷I) 【答案及解析】the→a。句意:我叔叔說他從未想過短時間內(nèi)致富。此處period為泛指,故應(yīng)用不定冠詞a。 【考例2】Butin that case, we will learn little about world. (2016全國卷II) 【答案及解析】about后加the。在英語中,定冠詞the表示特指,本句中用the修飾world,特指“這個世界”。 【考例3】Everytime he arrived home at end of the day, we’d greet him at the door. (2016浙江) 【答案及解析】在end前加the。at the end of 為固定搭配,意為“在……結(jié)束的時候”。 3.代詞 代詞的考查靈活多樣,其涉及的考點有人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、不定代詞、指示代詞、疑問代詞等。 【考例1】Instead,he hopes that ourbusiness will grow steadily. (2016全國卷I) 【答案及解析】our→ his。此處講的是叔叔的生意。 【考例2】Thesummer holiday iscoming. My classmates and I are talking about how to do duringthe holiday.(2016全國卷II) 【答案及解析】how → what。“疑問詞 to do”在本句中作talk about的賓語。 【考例3】Atlast, I will be on my own, but I still want to have my parents to turn towhenever need help. (2016全國卷III) 【答案及解析】need前加I。whenever從句中缺少主語I。 4.形容詞和副詞 形容詞和副詞是短文改錯的重點考查內(nèi)容。同學(xué)們在做題時要注意判斷形容詞或副詞是否混用,是否存在比較級和最高級。 【考例1】Instead,he hopes that his business will grow steady. (2016全國卷I ) 【答案及解析】steady → steadily。grow是動詞,此處修飾動詞,說明發(fā)展的情況,故用副詞形式。 【考例2】Theywere also the best and worse years in my life. (2016全國卷III ) 【答案及解析】worse → worst。與前面的the best保持一致,故用最高級。 【考例3】Atone time, I even felt my parents couldn’t understand me so I hoped I could befreely from them. (2016全國卷III) 【答案及解析】freely→ free。作系動詞be的表語,應(yīng)用形容詞形式。 5.動詞時態(tài) 動詞時態(tài)主要涉及特定語境中時態(tài)的使用。同學(xué)們做這類題目時,要從文章整體來把握時態(tài),注意時態(tài)一致。 【考例1】Some people even had to wait outside. (2016全國卷I) 【答案及解析】had→ have。根據(jù)上下文可知,整篇文章描述的是一般性情況,應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時。 【考例2】Ithought that it is a good idea. (全國卷II 2016) 【答案及解析】thought → think。本文介紹我和同學(xué)們商量暑假旅游的事情,全文以一般現(xiàn)在時為主,故此處用think。 6.動詞語態(tài) 做這類題目時,同學(xué)們要注意謂語動詞與主語之間的邏輯關(guān)系。 【考例】Every day he makes sure that freshvegetables and high quality oil are using for cooking. (2016全國卷I ) 【答案及解析】using → used。句意:每天他都確保做飯用新鮮蔬菜和高品質(zhì)的油。句中fresh vegetables and high quality oil與use之間是被動關(guān)系,故用被動語態(tài)。 7.主謂一致 注意句子主語與謂語在數(shù)上保持一致。 【考例】He would ask who we was and pretendnot to know us. (2016浙江) 【答案及解析】was→were。根據(jù)句中的we可判斷謂語動詞用were。 8.非謂語動詞 非謂語動詞涉及的考點有以下三類: (1)動詞原形與現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞是否混用; (2)現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞是否混用; (3)動詞不定式符號to是否遺漏或多余。 【考例1】Wecan choose between staying at home and take a trip. (2016全國卷II) 【答案及解析】take → taking。staying at home與taking a trip構(gòu)成并列關(guān)系,都作介詞between的賓語。 【考例2】Ishowed them I was independent by wear strange clothes. (2016全國卷III) 【答案及解析】wear→ wearing。介詞by后用動詞-ing形式。 9. 情態(tài)動詞與虛擬語氣 情態(tài)動詞與虛擬語氣涉及的考點如下: (1)情態(tài)動詞后接動詞原形,而不能接非謂語動詞; (2)情態(tài)動詞漏用、錯用; (3)在suggest,insist, demand等詞后的從句中,謂語常用“(should)+動詞原形”,其中should可省略,但不可用其他情態(tài)動詞。 【考例1】Wecan chose between staying at home and … (2016全國卷II) 【答案及解析】chose→ choose。本題考查“情態(tài)動詞 動詞原形”這一語法點。 【考例2】 Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby.(2016全國卷II ) 【答案及解析】can去掉或can → should。動詞suggest表“建議”時,后面的賓語從句要用虛擬語氣,即“(should) +動詞原形”。 10. 連詞 根據(jù)文章的邏輯關(guān)系,同學(xué)們應(yīng)注意but, and, so, or, for等并列連詞是否誤用、混用或多用。 【考例1】Everyday he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are used forcooking. (2016全國卷I) 【答案及解析】or → and。蔬菜和食用油在做飯時都會用到,所以二者是并列關(guān)系而不是選擇關(guān)系。 【考例2】If we stay at home, it is comfortable but there is no need to spend money. (2016全國卷II) 【答案及解析】but→ and。前后兩個分句間是并列關(guān)系,而不是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,故用and。 11.復(fù)合句 從句引導(dǎo)詞的考查是短文改錯的難點,主要表現(xiàn)在以下三方面: (1)名詞性從句。同學(xué)們要弄明白題目屬于何種名詞性從句,引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作什么成分; (2)定語從句。同學(xué)們應(yīng)找準(zhǔn)先行詞,分析關(guān)系詞在從句中所作的成分,注意判斷是限制性定語從句還是非限制性定語從句; (3)狀語從句。同學(xué)們做題時要注意結(jié)合語境來判斷從屬連詞的使用是否準(zhǔn)確。 【考例1】Myuncle is the owner of arestaurant close to that I live. (2016全國卷I ) 【答案及解析】that → where。賓語從句中缺少地點狀語,故用where。 【考例2】Thoughnot very big, but the restaurant ispopular in our area. (2016全國卷I) 【答案及解析】but去掉。though不與but連用。 12.固定短語 同學(xué)們應(yīng)多關(guān)注固定短語中的冠詞、介詞是否漏掉或錯用。 【考例1】Myuncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in a short period of time. (2016全國卷I ) 【答案及解析】becoming前加of。dream of doingsth. 意為“夢想做某事”。 【考例2】At the first, I thought I kneweverything andcouldmake decisions by myself. (2016全國卷III) 【答案及解析】the去掉。at first固定短語,意為“起初”。
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來自: 昵稱31885638 > 《英語》