一、疑問詞
1. what 什么(用于問做事情或問事物)What have you got? I’ve got some apples.
2. where 哪里 (對(duì)地點(diǎn)提問)Where are my gloves? They are in the drawer.
3. who 誰 (對(duì)人提問)Who is your sister? The girl in the photo is my sister.
4. How many 多少(對(duì)數(shù)量提問) How many people are there in your family? There are five.
5. How much 多少(錢)(對(duì)價(jià)格提問)How much are they ? Ten yuan, please.
6. how 怎樣 How are you? Fine, thank you. How does it taste? It tastes nice.
7. how soon 多久 (回答用in+時(shí)間)How soon will you be tall and strong? In 13 years’ time.
8. how long 多長時(shí)間 (對(duì)一段時(shí)間提問,回答用for / about +一段時(shí)間)How long does it take you to get to school? It takes me only half an hour. (for / about half an hour )
9. how tall 多高 (對(duì)身高提問)How tall will he be? He will be 180 centimetres tall.
10. how far 多遠(yuǎn) (對(duì)距離提問)
11. how heavy 多重 (對(duì)體重或重量提問)
12. when 什么時(shí)候 (對(duì)時(shí)間提問)When is your grandma’s birthday? It’s on the fifteenth of April.
13. what time 幾點(diǎn)了(對(duì)時(shí)間點(diǎn)提問)What time are they in the park? At four o’clock.
14. why 為什么 (表示原因)Why do more students like staying in the library in summer? Because it is air-conditioned.
15. How old 多大 (對(duì)年齡提問)How old are you? I’m thirteen.
16. which 哪一個(gè),哪一些
17. whose 誰的(可放于名詞前作定語,也可單獨(dú)使用)Whose book is this? (Whose is this book? ) It’s my book. / It’s mine.
二、介詞
1. on ①用于表示星期幾,具體的某一天或節(jié)日前②表示位置:在…上面;put on 穿上;on the right of 在右邊; get on 上車; on Monday morning;
2. in 用于年,月,四季或泛指的上午、下午、晚上等;用于較大的地點(diǎn)前;用語言;在里面; in 2009; in spring / summer / autumn / winter ; in the morning; in Shenyang ; in English ;in the drawer;
3. to 到;往
4. of (屬于)…..的
5. for 后接時(shí)間段;表示原因,目的“為了……”;對(duì)于……而言
6. after 在…以后
7. before 在…以前
8. onto 在…上面
9. into 進(jìn)入…里面
10. about 大約,關(guān)于
11. at 表示時(shí)間,具體的鐘點(diǎn)時(shí)刻,時(shí)間較短暫
12. by 依靠;乘坐…. ;在…旁邊 by bus; by the sea;
13. through 通過
14. from 從…來
15. under 在…下面
16. near 附近
17. with 和…一起; 帶有….; 用….(具體有形的東西)
三、句型結(jié)構(gòu)與時(shí)態(tài):
1、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can(可能,能,會(huì)), must(必須,一定), may(可能)
肯定句:主語+ can +動(dòng)詞原形+其他。
否定式:主語+ can’t +動(dòng)詞原形+其他
一般疑問句:Can + 主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其他?
肯定回答:Yes, 主語+can. 否定回答:No, 主語+ can’t.
特殊疑問句:疑問詞+ can + 主語+ 動(dòng)詞原形+ 其他?
2. have (has) got 句型:“….有…..”
肯定句:主語+ have got + 其他。/ 主語(第三人稱單數(shù))+ has got + 其他。
否定句:主語+ haven’t got + 其他。/ 主語(第三人稱單數(shù))+ hasn’t got + 其他。
一般疑問句:Have +主語+ got +其他?/ Has +主語+ got +其他?
肯定回答:Yes, 主語+ have. / Yes, 主語+ has.
否定回答:No,主語+ haven’t. / No,主語+ hasn’t
特殊疑問句:疑問詞+ have +主語+ got +其他?/疑問詞+has +主語+ got +其他?
3. There be 句型:“(在某處)有……”
肯定句:There is (are, was, were) +某物+地點(diǎn)。
否定句:There isn’t ( aren’t, wasn’t, weren’t ) +某物+地點(diǎn)
一般疑問句:Is (Are, Was, Were) there +某物+地點(diǎn)?
肯定回答:Yes, there is (are, was, were). 否定回答:No, there isn’t ( aren’t, wasn’t, weren’t )
特殊疑問句:疑問詞+ is (are, was, were) there +其他?
4. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)
(1)含實(shí)義動(dòng)詞
肯定句:主語+動(dòng)詞原形(或動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù))+其他
否定句:主語+don’t (或doesn’t)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他。
一般疑問句:Do(或Does)+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其他?
肯定回答:Yes,主語+do. 否定回答:No,主語+don’t.
特殊疑問句:疑問詞+do(或does)+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其他?
(2)含be動(dòng)詞
肯定句:主語+ am / is/ are +其他
否定句:主語+ am not / isn’t / aren’t +其他。
一般疑問句:Are / Is +主語+其他?
肯定回答:Yes,主語+ am / is/ are. 否定回答:No,主語+ am not / isn’t / aren’t.
特殊疑問句:疑問詞+ am / is/ are +主語+其他?
5、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)動(dòng)詞的變化規(guī)則
形式
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構(gòu)成
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例詞
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動(dòng)詞原形
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字典中一般給出的最初形式
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have, go, am, is, are
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第三人稱單數(shù)
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在動(dòng)詞原形后+s
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run—runs learn--learns
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以ch, sh, o, x結(jié)尾的+es
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watch--watches
go—goes wash---washes
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以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的,把y該i+es
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study---studies
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以元音字母+y結(jié)尾的+s
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enjoy---enjoys
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6、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu):
表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。句子中常有now,listen,look等詞。
主要結(jié)構(gòu):be + doing (動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞)
肯定句:主語+ be+ doing+其他。
否定句:主語+ be + not + doing+其他.
一般疑問句:Be+ 主語 + doing + 其他?
回答:Yes, 主語 + be. No, 主語 +be + not.
特殊疑問句:疑問詞+ be+主語+ doing+其他?
7、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)動(dòng)詞的變化規(guī)則
形式
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構(gòu)成
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例詞
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現(xiàn)在分詞
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在動(dòng)詞原形后+ing
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reading
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以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞去e再+ing
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ride—riding live—living
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以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾并且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的動(dòng)詞,雙寫該輔音字母后再+ing
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run—running put—putting swim—swimming
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少數(shù)幾個(gè)以ie結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,要變ie為y,再+ing
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lie--lying
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8、一般過去時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)
肯定句: 主語 + 動(dòng)詞的過去式 +其他
否定句: 主語+ didn’t + 動(dòng)詞原形+其他.
主語+wasn’t / weren’t +其他.
一般疑問句: Did + 主語 + 其他?
was / were + 主語 + 其他?
肯定回答:Yes, 主語+did / was /were.
否定回答:No, 主語+didn’t / wasn’t / weren’t.
特殊疑問句:疑問詞+ did + 主語 + 其他?
疑問詞+ was / were + 主語 + 其他?
9、一般過去時(shí)的動(dòng)詞變化規(guī)則
形式
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構(gòu)成
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例詞
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過去式
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在動(dòng)詞原形后+ed
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cook—cooked ask—asked
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以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,變y為i再+ed
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study—studies worry—worried
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以e結(jié)尾的,直接+d
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live—lived
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以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的,雙寫此輔音字母后再+ed
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stop—stopped prefer--preferred
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10、一般將來時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu):
肯定句: 主語+ will +動(dòng)詞原形 + 其他.
否定句: 主語+ will not (=won’t) +動(dòng)詞原形 + 其他
一般疑問句: Will +主語+動(dòng)詞原形 + 其他?
肯定回答:Yes,主語+ will 否定回答: No,主語+ won’t.
特殊疑問句: 疑問詞 + will +主語+動(dòng)詞原形 + 其他?
二、常用詞組:
1. 對(duì)……友好,和善be friendly to
2. 與某人一起分享某物share sth. with sb.
3. be + 形容詞 +to do
4. 喜歡做某事 like doing sth. = like to do sth.
5. 喜愛做某事love doing sth. / love to do sth.
6. 讓某人做某事 let sb. do sth.
7. by + 交通工具; take a/ the + 交通工具; in / on + a/ one’s + 交通工具
8. 步行去某地 walk to = go to …… on foot
9. 來自 come from = be from
10. 許多 a lot of = lots of = plenty of = many / much
11. no + 名詞= not any/ a/ an + 名詞
12. 使水干凈 make water clean
13. 用……來做…… use……to do ; use ……for doing
14. 與…相比,更喜歡….. like ……better than
15. 用……做飯 cook with
16. 怎么了? What’s the matter (with …..)? = What’s wrong (with……)?
17. 你是做什么工作的? What job do you do?
18. 在…前面 in front of ;在…后面 behind;在右邊on the right of ; 在左邊 on the left of
19. 花費(fèi)某人多長時(shí)間去做某事。It takes sb. + time + to do sth.
20. 不太遠(yuǎn) not too far away from ;相當(dāng)遠(yuǎn)quite far away from
21. 想要做某事 want to do sth. = would like to do sth.
22. 想要某人做某事 want sb. to do sth. = would like sb. to do sth.
23. 需要做某事 need to do sth.
24. 擅長做某事be good at doing sth.
25. 不擅長 be poor at + 名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞doing
26. 不得不做某事 have to do sth.
27. 鍛煉/ 練習(xí)做某事 practise doing sth.
28. 學(xué)會(huì)做某事 learn to do sth.
29. 直到……才 not……until
30. 看到某人正在做某事 see sb. doing sth.
31. have + 食物 + for + 三餐(breakfast, lunch, dinner)
32. 幫助某人做某事help sb. to do sth. / help sb. do sth. / help sb. with sth.
33. 觀看某人做某事 watch sb. do sth.
34. 大多數(shù)的;most of ; ….中沒有人 none of ;…中所有的 all of ; …..中一些 some of
35. 不再 not…any longer; no longer; not …. any more
36. 打算、計(jì)劃去做某事 be going to do sth.
37. 有…..去做…. Have sth. to do
38. 能夠 be able to ; can