剛月考完是不是沒有意識到期中考試還有2周就要來臨啦~? 你是不是還不知道怎么復習? 不知道從哪開始復習?? 沒關系,那就跟著劉老師的期中復習帖一起沖刺期中考試吧! 8BU1知識點詳析
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(下載次數(shù): 30, 前天 09:27 上傳) 8BU4知識點詳析
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(下載次數(shù): 25, 昨天 08:54 上傳) 期中單元復習貼就更新到這啦! 后期附上各區(qū)期中試卷,敬請期待!??! 8BU4知識點詳析 說文解詞: 1.單詞 1. continue vt.&vi. 繼續(xù) (1)continue to do sth=continue doing sth,意為“繼續(xù)做某事”。 (2)continue可用作連系動詞,其后接形容詞、介詞短語等。 2. manage vt.&vi. 設法完成;管理 (1)manage 常與can, could, be able to連用。 (2)manage to do sth意為“設法做成某事”。 3. return vt. 歸還 (1)return 意為“歸還”,后直接加物,不加介詞to, 也不再接back,相當于give…back。 (2)return 還可譯為“返回;回報;回應;申報”。 4. experience n. 經(jīng)歷,經(jīng)驗 (1)experience 作“經(jīng)驗”講時,是不可數(shù)名詞;作“經(jīng)歷”講時,是可數(shù)名詞。 (2)experience v. 經(jīng)歷;體驗;感受 (3)experienced adj. 有經(jīng)驗的 be experienced in doing 5. rise ⑴vi. 上升,(太陽、月亮)升起→反義詞set ⑵(水)漲高 ⑶(物價)上漲 【區(qū)別】⑴rise→rose→risen vi.上升;升起 ⑵raise→raised→raised vt.舉起;升起,籌集 2. 短語 1. hold a microphone拿著麥克風 2. Congratulations!祝賀你!congratulations在向別人表示祝賀、祝福時常用復數(shù)。 3. be chosen to be/as the host of a charity show →be chosen to be/as…被選作… be chosen to do sth被選做某事 4. fund-raising activities for charities為慈善機構(gòu)籌款的活動 5.advertise on the Internet在網(wǎng)上做廣告→advertise on TV/in the newspaper/in the magazine在電視上/報紙上/雜志上做廣告 6.organize a charity show 組織慈善演出 7.sell books to raise money賣書來籌款 8. give out leaflets發(fā)傳單→give…out分發(fā),動詞+副詞結(jié)構(gòu),give it/them out?! ?/font> 9. return to school重返學校 return ⑴回到return to+地點 return to…=go back to…回到 ⑵return sth to sb把某物歸還某人 return sth to sb=give sth back to sb歸還… 10. help protect rivers and lakes in China幫助保護中國的河流和湖泊 help (to) do sth幫助做… 11. host a charity show主持慈善演出, 12. start working on the show開始著手演出工作 13. have a lot of support from local businesses得到當?shù)仄髽I(yè)的許多支持 (1)have support from sb=have sb’s support得到某人的支持,e.g. have my parents’ support. (2)business n.⑴企業(yè);商行 ⑵事情①Mind your own business.=It’s none of your business.不關你的事。②on business因公;公干He has gone to Beijing on business.③business hours營業(yè)時間 (3)busy adj.忙碌的 ⑴be busy with sth忙于某事 ⑵be busy (in) doing sth忙于做某事(聯(lián)想記憶:因為忙的時候人在做事,所以be busy之后用動詞的ing形式) ⑶as busy as a bee極忙碌地 14. perform on the stage在舞臺上表演→perform v. →performer n.表演者→performance n.表演 15. on the side door在側(cè)門上, at both sides of the stage在舞臺的兩側(cè), in the middle of the stage在舞臺的中間, in the four corners of the school hall在學校禮堂的四個角落里 16. design the poster設計海報, set up the stage搭建舞臺, ask friends and families to come 17. make a sentence造句→make a sentence with…用…造句, keep silent保持沉默, from now on從今以后(用于將來時), since then自那時起(用于完成時), day and night日日夜夜, first of all首先;最重要的是, 18.care more about…多關注… care only about…只關心…, care about…在乎…, 關心… 19.make/do a speech演講→freedom of speech言論的自由 3. 句型 1. Only if you sleep less during the day.只要你白天少睡一些覺 (p60) only if…只要…就…;只有…才… 2. There are many ways to raise money for charity.為慈善籌款有許多方式?! ?/font> 3. A lot of work needed to be finished, so I don’t have much free time. (p62) 主語是事物時,need to be done=need doing主動形式表示被動?! ?/font> 4. It was my job to introduce each star.我的工作是介紹每一個明星?! ?/font> 當主語是job, duty, goal, purpose, aim, dream, wish等時,動詞be之后用動詞不定式作表語。 e.g. ①Her duty is to clean the street. ②His dream is to be an explorer. 5. I couldn’t sleep at all that night because I was so excited. ‘Will it be a success?’ I kept asking myself. ⑴not…at all根本不…;一點也不… ⑵kept doing sth反復做某事 ⑶be a success成功=be successful,be a big/great success非常成功 6. No time to be nervous any more. This is it! 沒有時間再緊張了。就這樣吧! (There be) no time to do sth.沒有時間做某事。 7. The fans of the pop stars were making a lot of noise, so I had to speak loudly. ⑴make a lot of noise大聲吵鬧→ make a noise吵鬧;發(fā)出響聲 ⑵speak loudly大聲說話→ read aloud朗讀(動詞+副詞結(jié)構(gòu)),read it/them aloud 8. Everything seemed to happen so fast, and now it is all over. seem adj. 好像;似乎⑴seem (to be)+形容詞=look+形容詞 seem (to be) happy ⑵Sb seems/seemed to do sth.=It seems/seemed that sb do sth好像/似乎 某人做某事 ⑶It seems to me that sb do sth. 9.A lot of money has been donated to Project Green Hope. (1)have/has been+過去分詞 (2)donate sth to sb向…捐贈某物→sth be donated to sb某物被捐贈給… 10. I hope more events like this will be organized to raise money for charity and I think more people should be invited to take part in them. ⑴invite sb to..→sb be invited to…應邀到某地,invite sb to do sth→sb be invited to do sth應邀做某事 ⑵take part in=join in參加→attend出席 (3)more events like this更多像這樣的活動 11. Some children in poor areas do not have money to go to school, so Project Hope pay for their education. pay for sth付…的款,pay some money for sth買某物付…錢 12. Our class held a meeting to talk about holding a charity show. → (1)hold/have a meeting開會 (2)talk about sb/sth討論、談論某人或某事, (3) talk about doing sth討論、談論做某事 13. We have arranged work among the students.我們已在同學中分配了工作。(p71) ⑴arrange vt.安排;籌備→ rearrange vt.重新安排;重新排列,arrange →arrangement,rearrange →rearrangement ⑵among在…中(兩者以上) →between在…中(兩者) 14. I hope that our show will be held at the school hall. I hope a lot of pop stars can be invited to the show. ⑴hope+that引導的一般將來時或含有情態(tài)動詞can的從句。 ⑵hope to do sth希望做某事。英語里沒有hope sb to do sth,必須改為hope+that從句?! ?/font> (3)want/wish to do sth想做某事,want/wish sb to do sth想讓某人做某事。 (4)wish+that從句①表示祝福、祝愿 ②表示不可能實現(xiàn)或很難實現(xiàn)的愿望 15. Project Hope is an organization that raises money to build schools and buy books for poor students. (p72) 畫線部分是關系代詞that/which引導的定語從句,該句不能省略關系代詞。 16. Their parents have no money, so the children have to go to work instead. 這些孩子的父母沒錢,所以他們得去干活?! ?/font> ⑴instead是副詞,意思是“代替,反而,卻”,表示“本應做的事沒有做,反而…”。 ⑵instead of+名詞/人稱代詞賓格/動名詞/介詞短語,代替…, 而不是…。 17. After a few songs, there was a break. (p75) break n.暫停,休息(工作時的間歇) 常用于:have a break休息一下?! ?/font> ⑴break down出故障 ⑵break into…強行闖入⑶break out(戰(zhàn)爭、地震、火災等)發(fā)生 ⑷break vi.破曉 18. Have you decided what to do with these books, Hobo? 霍波,你已經(jīng)決定怎樣處理這些書了嗎? (1)句中“what to do with”為“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu),是名詞性質(zhì),在句中作賓語。“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)在句中可作主語、賓語、表語等。 (2)do with 意為“對付,處理”,在特殊疑問句中常與what搭配。deal with 也表示“對付,處理”,在特殊疑問句中常與how搭配。 19. After our ship crashed against the rocks, I swam as far as I could.在我們的船觸礁之后,我盡可能遠地向前游。 (1)as far as 意為“與……一樣遠”;as…as sb can/could=as…as possible,意為“盡可能……”。 (2)as far as還可引申為“就……而言;從……來看;盡……所能;只要”等含義。 E.g As/So far as I know, that is highly unlikely. 就我所知,那是極不可能的。 (3)against 意為“反對;對著;違反;不利于”。 20. It moved up over my stomach and neck until it was standing near my face.它在我的肚子和脖子上移動,直到它站在離我的臉很近的地方。 (1)until 為連詞,意為“直到……為止”,表示某一種行為一直持續(xù)到某一時間,用于肯定句中,句中的謂語動詞必須是延續(xù)性動詞。 (2)not…until意為“直到……才”,表示直到某一時間,某一行為才發(fā)生。until用于否定句中,主句的謂語動詞通常是短暫性動詞。 4.語法 疑問詞 動詞不定式 我們可以用“疑問詞 動詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)作動詞的賓語。 (1)疑問詞包括疑問代詞what、which、who和疑問副詞how、when、where等。常和“疑問詞 動詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)連用的動詞及短語有:know、learn、see、hear、ask、tell、advise、decide、explain、find out、forget、remember、think、understand、wonder等。如: I do not know what to say next. 我不知道接下來說什么。 I cannot decide which to take. 我不能決定該拿哪一個。 (2)有些動詞,如advise、ask、show、teach、tell等,其后可以接雙賓語。如: Please tell me how to get there. 請告訴我怎么去那兒。 Sandy showed Millie how to start the online tour. 桑迪給米莉演示了如何開始這個在旅游。 (3)有些疑問詞,如what、which、whose、how many、how much等,其后可以先接一個名詞,再接動詞不定式。如: She wondered how many subjects to choose. 她不知道該選幾門學科。 (4)在“疑問詞 動詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)前,有時也可以是sure、clear等的形容詞。如: I am not sure which way to take. 我不確定走哪條路。 (5)“疑問詞 動詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)在句子中還可以作主語和表語。如: How to deal with the problem is most important to us. 如何處理這個問題對我們來說最重要。 The problem is when to leave the place. 問題是何時離開這個地方。 (6)“疑問詞 動詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)可以改寫成由疑問詞引導的從句。如: I do not know what to do. 我不知道該做什么。= I do not know what I should do. 注意:所有疑問詞中,只有why不可以與動詞不定式連用。 must/have to的用法 (1)must表示主觀的義務和必要,主要用于肯定句和疑問句,意思是“必須,得,要”。如: You must finish your homework today. 你今天必須完成家庭作業(yè)。 must的否定形式must not表示禁止,意思是“不能,不許”。如:You must not smoke here. 你不能在這里抽煙。 (2)have to表示一種客觀需要,意思是“不得不”。have to有人稱和數(shù)的變化。如: It is getting dark. He has to go home now. 天快黑了。他現(xiàn)在得回家了。 Mum is out, so I have to look after the shop. 媽媽出去了,因此我不得不照看商店。 have to的否定形式是do not have to。如: They do not have to buy a computer at the moment. 他們目前沒必要買電腦。 He does not have to go. 他不必走。 注意:must還可以表示肯定猜測,意思是“一定”。如: You must be hungry after all that walking. 走了這么遠的路,你一定餓了吧。 8BU3知識點詳析 說文解詞 1. 單詞 1. online adj.聯(lián)網(wǎng)的;在線的 2. reach ⑴vt.到達=get to…=arrive at/in… ⑵達到 ⑶reach out a hand伸出一只手 3.correctly adv.正確地 (1)correct ①adj.正確的→incorrect→incorrectly ②vt.改正;修正 (2)correct正確的→wrong錯誤的 4. educate v.教育→education n.教育→educational adj.教育的 5. knowledge n.知識 (1)know vt.知道 (2)be known to sb為某人所知 (3)be well known/famous for…因…而出名, (4)be known as…作為…而出名 6. point ⑴n.分數(shù) e.g. get 100 points得100分 ⑵n.小數(shù)點 e.g. 1.732讀作one point seven three two ⑶v.指 e.g. point out指出,point at/to…指向 7.regards(用于信函的結(jié)尾或轉(zhuǎn)達問候)致意;問候 regard sb as…把某人視為… 8. control ⑴n.(鍵盤上的)控制鍵 ⑵vt.控制 9. pick vt. 挑選;挑揀 (1)pick是動詞,意為“挑選”。pick up 意為“拾起;撿起;抬起”。 (2)pick還可譯為“采,摘”。 10. dream vt.&vi. 做夢,夢想 (1)have/dream a dream 做夢 (3)dream of/about 夢見,夢想 (4)dream n.夢;夢想 11. opposite n. 對立的人(或物) prep.在……的對面 adv. 在對面 adj. 截然不同的,對立的 12. book vt.&vi. 預訂,訂(房間、車票等) booking n. 預訂 booking office售票處 13.mind vt.&vi.介意 (1)mind doing sth(用于mind的主語與doing的邏輯主語一致時) (2)mind one's doing sth(用于mind的主語與doing的邏輯主語不一致時) (3)mind+if引導的賓語從句 2. 短語 a. 短語 1. I have no idea.=I’ve no idea.=I don’t know.我不知道。 (p40) 2. turn on the TV →turn on/off打開/關閉…,turn up/down調(diào)大/調(diào)低;都是“動詞+副詞”?! ?/font> 3. change the channel換臺→on Channel…在…臺→拓展:the English Channel英吉利海峽 4. different uses of computers計算機的不同用途: (1)draw and design, (2)play computer games, (3)search for information, (4)send and receive e-mails收發(fā)電子郵件, (5)do word processing進行文字處理, (6)write computer programs編寫計算機程序 5. travel around the world in eight hours八小時環(huán)游地球 educational CD-ROM教育軟件 (p42) 6. come out (書等)出版,發(fā)行,發(fā)表,不能用于被動語態(tài),可以轉(zhuǎn)化為be published。 ⑴(太陽、月亮或星星)出現(xiàn);露出 ⑵(花朵)開放;(草)出芽 7. learn English and geography at the same time同時學英語和地理→at the same time同時 8. the main character主角→play the main character of…=play the lead role of… play the role…扮演…,the best actor最佳男主角,the best actress最佳女主角 9. have/get itchy feet渴望旅行 10. help you learn English by testing your knowledge of English grammar and vocabulary (p43) ⑴by介詞,通過某種方法、手段,后接名詞或動詞-ing。 ⑵have a knowledge of有某方面的知識 11. one of the best on the market市面上最暢銷的一種 12. choose one icon in the menu在菜單里選擇一個圖標,click on it for more details點擊它以了解詳情→click on…點擊…,left double-click on…左鍵雙擊… 13. open my new e-dictionary on my computer打開我電腦上的新電子詞典 (1)“打開”電腦的軟件用open不用turn on?! ?/font> ⑵查字典:look up a word in a dictionary或look a word up in a dictionary 14. restart the computer重新啟動電腦 → start vt.啟動;開始→ restart重新啟動 (1)re+部分動詞→再…,e.g. rebuild重建,reuse循環(huán)使用,retell復述 (2)set off=start off出發(fā);動身, (3)set about doing sth開始做某事,著手做某事 15. check the settings檢查設置,double-click on the “auto-run” icon雙擊“自動運行”圖標,double-click on the icon for “Tour” (1)double-click on the…icon=double-click on the icon for…雙擊…圖標, (2)put in the CD-ROM插入光盤 16. connect the keyboard to the computer properly正確地連接鍵盤和電腦 ⑴connect A to B連接A和B →be connected to…與…連接 ⑵proper adj.正確的→properly 17. grow an inch長一英寸,grow to six feet long長到六英尺長→ A foot is equal to 12 inches. 18. daily English=everyday English日常英語→daily newspaper日報,Xinhua Daily新華日報 19. go on short tours of Australia and New Zealand去澳大利亞和新西蘭短期旅行 (p52) 20. be hidden in somewhere in the Arctic被藏在北極的某個地方→be hidden+地點,被藏在… 21. the treasure box百寶箱→treasure hunt尋寶 (p55) b. 巧辯異同 1. be famous for 和be famous as be famous for表示“因……而出名”,而be famous as則表示“以某種身份而出名”。 [拓展] be well known for與be well known as 的區(qū)別與之相同。 2. (it's) my pleasure 和with pleasure (1)回答別人的感謝時,可以說“It's my pleasure./My pleasure.”意為“沒關系,不用謝,別客氣”。 (2)當別人請你幫忙,你很樂意幫助時,可以說“With pleasure”,意為“很高興,很樂意,樂意效勞”。 3. 句型 1. —What do you use your computer for? —I usually use it to search for information. What…for?=Why…?為什么…? e.g. What did you do that for?=Why did you do that? 2. It sounds interesting, doesn’t it? → “陳述句+附加疑問?”構(gòu)成反意疑問句。 ⑴附加疑問即“助動詞或助動詞的否定式縮寫+主語或there”;附加疑問部分的助動詞必須與陳述句保持一致,主語必須是人稱代詞或there,并與陳述句主語的單復數(shù)保持一致?! ?/font> ⑵前肯定后否定;前否定后肯定。尤其要注意“前否定后肯定”答語的英漢差異?! ?/font> ⑶反意疑問句的答語為“Yes, 主語+助動詞.”或“No, 主語+助動詞的否定式”?! ?/font> 3. One day, he was lying on the grass and looking at the beautiful blue sky, when he fell asleep and had a very strange dream.一天,他躺在草地上,看著美麗的藍天,不知不覺間睡著了,并做了個奇怪的夢?! ?/font> (1)lie ①躺→lies→lying→lay→lain ②說謊→lies→lying→lied→lied ③位于→lies→lying→lied→lied (2)lie意思是“躺”,常用于lie down躺下,find sb/sth lying+地點 (3)fall asleep睡著 (4)have/dream a…dream做了一個…的夢 4. See those big clouds of different colours with questions on them? You get a point every time you answer a question correctly. (1)every time+陳述句,每當…,引導時間狀語從句?! ?/font> (2)get a point得一分, (3)answer a question correctly答對一題 5. When you have got enough points, a cloud will come down and carry you off to a place you have never visited before. (1)you have never visited before是省略關系代詞that/which的定語從句。 (2)have got enough points獲得足夠的點數(shù), (3)carry you off to…把你帶到… 6. Are you ready? Let’s go!準備好了嗎?出發(fā)! 7. For example, when you reach London, you will learn about the Museum of London and many other interesting places. (1)learn about…了解… (2)many other+名詞復數(shù),其他許多… 8. Every time you pass a level, you will see a map of the world. (1)pass a level過一關 (2)Every time+陳述句,每當… (3)a map of the world世界地圖→ a map of China 9. The places you have visited are marked in bright purple. 你到過的地方都標上了明亮的紫色?! ?/font> 10. Get it now before it is sold out. (1)sell out售完, (2)be sold out被售完, (3)sell well好賣(不用被動) 11. I’ve bought many educational CD-ROMs before, but I’ve found none of them to be any good. find none of them to be any good沒發(fā)現(xiàn)一個好的 12. —How can your teacher read your homework on the computer? —I can send him e-mails or print it out. (1) read your homework批閱作業(yè) (2)send sb e-mails給某人發(fā)電子郵件 (3)on the computer在電腦上,on the screen,on TV,on the Internet(在因特網(wǎng)上) 13. —Do you have a new printer, too? —Yes, and it prints very quickly. →該句的print不用被動。 14. We’ve got many kinds of personal computers. This green one is called Kiwi, and it is designed especially for students. (1)personal computer個人電腦,簡寫作PC。 (2)be designed especially for students特別為學生而設計 15. —Is it used widely? —Of course, very widely in Beijing. (1)be widely used被廣泛使用 (2)be widely as…被廣泛用作 16. When a total of ten questions are answered incorrectly, the princess will become bald. ⑴total n.總數(shù),總和 ⑵become bald禿頂→become+形容詞 17. The questions get more difficult as you go to higher levels. 當你到更高的級別,問題就更難了?! ?/font> as連詞,當…時,隨著…。e.g. The air will get fresher as you reach the top of the mountain. 18. She will help you when necessary.必要時她會幫助你。→if necessary如果有必要 19. Many topics are covered in the course, including travel and hotels, food and drink, and shopping and money. 這一課程涉及許多主題,包括旅游、飯店、購物 錢幣。 ⑴cover=include包括;涉及 ⑵including介詞,包括…在, 20. Can you show me how to start this online tour of Australia, please? 你能告訴我如何開啟這個澳大利亞的在線之旅嗎?→ how to start…是“疑問詞+動詞不定式”。 21. Do you mind telling me how to use this function?你介不介意告訴如何使用這個功能? mind介意,表示請求允許或客氣地請人做事。注意以下兩種表達的不同: ⑴Do/Would you mind my/me doing sth?或Do/Would you mind if I do sth?你介意我做某事嗎? 表示請求對方的允許,答語為Of course not. Certainly not.或You’d better not. Better not. ⑵Do/Would you mind doing sth?你介意做某事嗎?表示客氣地請人做事?! ?/font> 22. Just double-click on the “Pencil” icon. …A worksheet has just appeared on the screen. ⑴appear是不及物動詞,不能用于被動語態(tài)。appear出現(xiàn)→disappear消失 ⑵sheet n.①床單; ②一張(通常指標準尺寸的紙) 23. In which countries is the game sold? 這個游戲在哪些國家銷售? In which countries不能去掉介詞in 24. The goal of the game is to travel around the world to learn the history of each place and use this knowledge to open the treasure box. 當主語是goal等時,用動詞不定式be to do作表語?!?/font> 25. The best time to visit the UK is from May to September because its winter is wet and cold. 參觀英國的最佳時間是從五月到九月,因為那兒的冬天又潮濕又寒冷。 the best time to do sth 意為“做某事的最佳時間”,相當于the best time for doing sth。 4. 語法 現(xiàn)在完成時(III) 一般過去時和現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別
8BU2知識點詳析 說文解詞: 1. 單詞 1. speed n. 速度 (1)at a speed of… 以……的速度 (2)at top speed 以最高速 (3)speed vt.& vi. 急行,加速,超速speed up 加速 slow down 減速 2. beauty n. 美人,美麗 beautiful adj. 美麗的,漂亮的; beautifully adv.美麗地,完美地,出色地,很好。 3. die v. 死 dead adj.死的 death n. 死亡 4.fly v. 飛;航行 flight n. 航班 5. experience ⑴n.(C)經(jīng)歷; ⑵n.(U)經(jīng)驗→experienced adj.經(jīng)驗豐富的,have experience in (doing) sth=be experiencedin (doing) sth在某方面有經(jīng)驗 2.短語 a.短語 1. go on a trip to South Hill →go on a trip to…去某地旅游 (p24) 2. take you out for a few days帶你出去玩幾天→take sb out帶某人出去 3. go hiking, go skiing →go+v-ing去做某事,see/enjoy the beautiful view觀看/欣賞美景 (p25) 4. a symbol of Japan →the symbol of…的象征 5. have a really fantastic time=have a good/great/wonderful time=have fun=enjoy oneself (p26) 6. at the entrance在入口處 →at the exit在出口處 7. move at high speed高速運轉(zhuǎn)→at a speed of…以…的速度 8. scream and laugh through the whole ride →through從物體的內(nèi)部穿過 9. a fast food restaurant快餐店→fast food快餐,國際著名快餐店:KFC肯德基,McDonald’s麥當勞 10. clap and stream with joy高興地拍手尖叫 →介詞短語with joy相當于副詞修飾動詞。 (p27) 11. watch a three-D film,watch fireworks, look shiny and beautiful under the fireworks 12. in all總共;共計→first of all首先 13. scream with excitement興奮地尖叫→ with excitement=excitedly激動地;興奮地 (p28) (1)excite→excited興奮的→exciting令人興奮的;扣人心弦的;刺激的→excitement n.激動,興奮→with excitement=excitedly,be excited about (doing) sth對…興奮 14. a really delightful holiday and a meaningful experience一個高興的假期、一次有意義的經(jīng)歷 15. buy a gift for my parents →buy sth for sb=buy sb sth (gift比present高雅) (p33) 16. travel abroad到國外旅游→go abroad出國 (p35) 17. during this May Day holiday在“五一”假期里→during是介詞,后面不能接句子?! ?br> 18. three and a half hours三個半小時→one/an hour一小時,half an hour半小時→one and a half hours一個半小時,two and a half hours兩個半小時 (p38) 19. have a bird’s-eye view of Hong Kong →have a bird’s-view of…鳥瞰;俯視 20. a modern city of tall buildings with lights shining in the evening高樓林立、燈火輝煌的現(xiàn)代化城市 →with lights shining作后置定語,lights與shining是主動系?! ?br> 21. the cultural centre of Hong Kong香港的文化中心→the cultural centre文化中心 (1)culture n.文化→cultural adj.文化的 (2)nature →natural, (3)centre→central b.巧 辨 異 同 1 except, besides和except for (1)except表示“除去,不包括”,指“從所提到的人或事物中除去,即從整體中除去一部分”,表示遞減的概念,含義是否定的。 (2)besides表示“除了……之外,還有……”,指“在整體中加入一部分”,表示遞加的概念,含義是肯定的。 (3)except for也表示“除……以外”,表示對整體主要部分的肯定和對局部的否定,起部分修正主要意思的作用。 2 have/has been to, have/has gone to和have/has been in (1)have/has been to表示“去過某地(現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來了)”。 (2)have/has gone to表示“去某地了(說話時某人不在當?shù)?”,指可能在去的路上,可能已在某地,也可能在回來的路上。 (3)have/has been in 表示“在某地”。He has been in Beijing for three weeks. 3 die, dead, death和dying (1)die是動詞, 意為“死,死亡”,是短暫性動詞, 不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用。 (2)dead是形容詞, 意為“死了的,無生命的”,表示狀態(tài),可以與表示一段時間的狀語連用。 (3)death是名詞,意為“死亡,去世”。 (4)dying 是die的現(xiàn)在分詞形式,用作形容詞,意為“垂死的,即將死去的”。 4 for example和such as (1)for example表示“例如”,一般只以同類人或事物中的“一個”為例,作插入語,用逗號隔開,可置于句首、句中或句末。 (2)such as也表示“例如”,用來列舉同類人或事物中的幾個例子。 3. 句型 1. It must be fun. Can I join you?一定很有趣。我能和你一起去嗎?(p24) ⑴情態(tài)動詞must(表示推測)一定,用于肯定句,反義詞:can’t不可能。may可能,may not可能不。Probably, Perhaps, Maybe都是副詞,通常用于句首?! ?br> ⑵join sb和某人一起做某事 2. I haven’t seen you since last month. →see是瞬間動詞 (p26) 瞬間動詞與表示一段時間的詞同時出現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在完成時的否定句中,不能變?yōu)檠永m(xù)性動詞?! ?br> 3. I couldn’t stop taking photos with them. →can’t/couldn’t stop doing sth禁不住做某事 (1)can’t/couldn’t help doing sth禁不住做某事,can’t/couldn’t wait to do sth迫不及待做某事?! ?br> (2)stop doing sth停止做某事,stop to do sth停下來去做某事。 (3)take photos 拍照片;take a photo/photos of… 拍……的照片 5. The performers all wore different costumes and waved to people while they marched across the park, singing and dancing all the way. (p27) (1)all the way一路上 (2)wave to sb向某人招手/揮手→wave n.波;波浪 (3)march across…邁步穿越… (4)singing and dancing all the way是現(xiàn)在分詞短語,作伴隨狀態(tài)。 6. I’m sure you’ll love it.你一定會喜歡的?!鶬’m sure that sb will do sth.=Sb is sure to do sth. 7. The line of people outside Space Mountain was endless. We thought it was hopeless to wait in the line. (p30) ⑴endless無盡的;無休止的 ⑵wait in the line排隊等候 ⑶Sb thought+that從句,某人原以為…?! ?br> 8. I’m watching an interesting TV programme. It started at 7 p.m. and has been on for haf an hour. be on=be shown放映→ be on show展出 9. ⑴She must be happy now, isn’t she? ⑵She must be happy yesterday, wasn’t she ? (p33) must一定,表示推測時,反意疑問句中的附加疑問部分應以時間狀語為準。 10. Spring is the best time for visiting Chinese garden. → Chinese garden中國園林 (p35) the best time for doing sth=the best time to do sth做某事的最佳時節(jié) 11. Do you have any ideas about what to do for May Day holiday? 12. —By the way, how long does it take to fly to Singapore? —Sorry, I don’t know, but I can check it for you. (1)by the way順便問一下, (2)check sth for sb替某人核實某事 (3)It takes sb some time to do sth. →How long does it take sb to do sth? 13. The day of our trip to Hong Kong finally arrived. My parents and I were excited about this special trip because we all wanted to visit Disneyland and take photos with the cute cartoon characters. (p38) ⑴be excited about (doing) sth對(做)某事感到興奮 (2)cute=lovely可愛的 (3)the day of one’s trip to…某人去某地旅行的那一天 14. The weather in Hong Kong is quite different from that in Beijing.香港的天氣與北京不同?! ? 在as…as…, not as/so…as…, the same as…, be different from…或形容詞、副詞的比較等級結(jié)構(gòu)中,當主語為不可數(shù)名詞時,后者用that代替。當主語是名詞復數(shù)時,后者用those代替。 15. I hope I can visit there again some day. →I hope+that引導的一般將來時或can從句?! ?br> (1)some day=one day有朝一日;(將來的)一天。 (2)one day還表示過去的“某一天”?! ?br> 16. I left a book at Millie’s home. (1)leave sth+地點,把某物忘在某處; (2)forget忘記某事?! ?br> 17. I don't think it'll be a holiday for me. 我認為這對于我來說將不是假期。 (1)句型“I don't think+賓語從句”是含有否定轉(zhuǎn)移的主從復合句,意為“我認為……不……”。 該句型的主語必須是第一人稱;形式上否定主句,翻譯時否定從句。 (2)該句型改為反意疑問句時,必須以賓語從句為準進行變化,而且賓語從句要視為否定句,即把主句的don't所表示的否定拉回到賓語從句中來,采取“前否后肯”的規(guī)則變化。 (3)有類似用法的動詞還有believe, suppose, expect等。I don't suppose they will say sorry to her, will they? 我認為他們不會對她說對不起,是吧? 4. 語法 現(xiàn)在完成時(II) have/ has been和have/ has gone的用法 我們用have/ has been表示某人曾經(jīng)去過某地,并且已經(jīng)回來。 如:He has been tothe Great Wall twice. 他曾經(jīng)去過長城兩次。 We have never been to the South Hill. 我們還從來沒有去過南山。 我們用have/ has gone表示某人已經(jīng)去了某地,但還沒回來。如: He has gone to London. He will be back in two weeks.他已經(jīng)去了倫敦了。他將在兩周后回來。 -Is Tom at home? 湯姆在家嗎?-No, he isn’t. He has gone to the cinema. 不在,他去看電影了。 和for或since連用的動詞現(xiàn)在完成時常和for或since引導的表示一段時間的時間狀語連用。 如:He has been away from China for two years. 他離開中國已有兩年了。 He has lived in Nanjing since 2010. 自從2010年以來,他一直住在南京。 注意:在帶有一段時間狀語的現(xiàn)在完成時的肯定句中,我們要用延續(xù)性動詞,而不能用短暫性動詞。下面補充一些短暫性動詞和延續(xù)性動詞的轉(zhuǎn)化參考: 短暫性動詞 延續(xù)性動詞 現(xiàn)在完成時構(gòu)成 catch a cold have a cold have had a cold buy have have had open be open have been open close be closed have been closed fall ill be ill have been ill fall asleep be asleep have been asleep 8BU1 知識點詳析 單元導讀 : 1.掌握大量的新單詞,尤其是動詞及短語的應用。 2.掌握意思相近單詞短語的辨析。 3.理解和運用現(xiàn)在完成進行時。 4.動詞的一些固定搭配。如:remember doing sth. 等等。 1. 單詞 1 just adv. 剛才 (1)just 意為“剛剛,剛才”,強調(diào)最近剛發(fā)生的事情。 It doesn't matter. We've just begun our class. 沒關系。我們剛開始上課。 (2)just 還可譯為“正好;僅僅;就是”,用來加強語氣。 It's just half past nine now. 現(xiàn)在正好九點半。 (3)just意為“剛剛”,與現(xiàn)在完成時連用;just now意為“剛才”,與一般過去時連用。 The sheep have just eaten the grass up. 那些綿羊剛剛將草吃光。 Amy finished her homework just now. 埃米剛才完成了家庭作業(yè)。 2 married adj. 已婚的 (1)be/get married to… 與……結(jié)婚 They have been married for five years. 他們結(jié)婚已經(jīng)5年了。 (2)marry v. 結(jié)婚 marry sb. 嫁給某人,娶了某人,與某人結(jié)婚 marry sb. to… 把某人嫁給…… (3)marriage n. 結(jié)婚, 婚禮 3.waste n. 廢品,廢料 (1)vt.& vi. 浪費 (2)adj. 無用的;廢棄的 (3)n. 浪費;廢品,廢料 4.interview n. 采訪 (1)interview作名詞時,意為“面試,會談”; (2)作動詞時,意為“采訪,會見”。 interview sb=have an interview with sb,意為“采訪某人”。 5.century=one hundred years世紀;百年。 ⑴某世紀用序數(shù)詞。如:21世紀the twenty-first century。 ⑵“在某世紀”用介詞in,如:in the 20th century在20世紀?!?/font> 6. pollute v.污染 pollution n. 污染 7. communicate v. 交流 (1)【搭配】communicate......with....... 交流 (2)communication n. 交流 have a communication with 8. north n. 北方 northern adj. 北方的 (1) south n. 南方 southern adj. 南方的 (2)west n. 西方 western adj. 西方的 (3)east n. 東方 eastern adj. 東方的 9.recent adj. 近來的 recently adv. 最近地,進來地 2. 短語 a.詞組 1. the changes to Sunshine Town陽光鎮(zhèn)的變化→the changes to… …的變化 (p8) change n.變化,常用復數(shù)changes. 2. in the southern part of town →in the southern part of…在…的南部→south →east 東部→eastern東部的, west →western, north →northern 3. in the past在過去→at present現(xiàn)在→in the future未來;將來,注意這些短語中的介詞和冠詞?! ?/font> 4. turn the place into a park →turn…into…把…變成… 5. play cards and Chinese chess打牌、下象棋. 6. water pollution水污染→air pollution空氣污染,noise pollution噪音污染 (p9) 7. used to dump its waste into water →used to do sth過去常做某事,注意否定式、疑問式的形式 ⑴used to do sth →否定式used not to do sth或didn’t use to do sth→疑問式Did sb use to do sth?或Used sb to do sth? ⑵There be和used to合用的形式為There used to be (3)be used to do sth=be used for doing sth被用于做某事 (4)be/become/get used to sth習慣于某事,be/become/get used to doing sth習慣于做某事 8. in some ways在某種程度上;在某些方面→in this way以這種方式 9. feel a bit lonely from time to time →from time to time=at times=sometimes有時;不時地 ⑴a bit+形容詞原級或比較級=a little+形容詞原級或比較級,有點… ⑵a bit of+不可數(shù)名詞=a little+不可數(shù)名詞 e.g. a bit of water=a little water (3)not a little=very非常,not a bit=not…at all一點也不 10. throw away扔掉…→“動詞+副詞”結(jié)構(gòu),e.g. throw it/them away 11. have an interview with sb=interview sb采訪某人;對某人面試;與某人面談 (p12) 12. the best model I have ever seen 我曾見過的最好的模型 (p17) (1)the+形容詞最高級+名詞單數(shù)+sb have/has ever done,某人曾做過的最…的… (2)ever通常用于疑問句中或否定句中?!?/font> (3)ever since…自從…起到現(xiàn)在(用于現(xiàn)在完成時),for ever=forever永遠;永久地 13. move into the new flats→move into…搬進…,move out of…搬出… (p18) 14. lend me a book→lend sb sth=lend sth to sb把某物借給某人,是“借出”?! ?/font> borrow sth from sb向某人借某物,是“借入”。 15. a recent photo一張近期照片 (p21) 16. a tourist attraction旅游勝地→attraction n. 吸引;向往的地方→attract vt.吸引→attractive有吸引力的 b. 短語辨析 1 lonely和alone (1)lonely 為形容詞,意為“孤獨的;寂寞的;無人煙的, 荒涼的”。 (2)alone 作形容詞,意為“單獨的,獨自的;獨一無二的”,只作表語。 (3)alone 還可作副詞,意為“單獨地, 獨自地”。 2 happen和take place happen與take place兩者都作“發(fā)生”講,都不能用于被動語態(tài),但它們之間也有差別。 (1)happen指“碰巧發(fā)生”,強調(diào)偶然性,常指事情在人們無意識、無準備的情況下發(fā)生。 (2)take place 是不及物動詞詞組,意為“發(fā)生”,指事情按照計劃發(fā)生。 (3)take place 還可作“舉行”講,相當于hold。但take place 沒有被動語態(tài),而hold 有被動語態(tài)。 3 used to do sth, be/get used to (doing) sth, be used to do sth和be used as (1)used to do sth 意為“過去常常做某事”,暗含現(xiàn)在不再這樣做了,其中to為不定式符號。 (2)be/get used to (doing) sth意為“習慣于(做)某事”,其中to為介詞。 (3)be used to do sth=be used for doing sth,意為“被用來做某事”。 (4)be used as…意為“被用作……”。 3.句型 1 I’ve lived here since I was born. 自從我出生以來,我就住在這兒。 (1)since 表示“自從……以來”,常與現(xiàn)在完成時連用。具體用法如下: (2)since+表過去的時間點 (3)“since+一段時間+ago”,表示“自從……前”。 (4)since+從句(從句中的謂語動詞用一般過去時) [拓展] (1)since作連詞,意為“因為,既然,鑒于”。 (2)“It is+時間段+since…/It has been+時間段+since…”表示“從……起已經(jīng)有多長時間了”。 2 Later the government realized the problem and took action to improve the situation. 后來政府意識到了這個問題,并采取行動改善了這種情況。 (1)realize 是動詞,意為“意識到,認識到,實現(xiàn)”。 (2)take action to do sth意為“采取行動做某事”。 (3)improve 是動詞,意為“改善,提高”,相當于make…better。 3 But now the streets are wide and clean, with many green trees on both sides. 但是現(xiàn)在街道又寬又干凈,在街道的兩旁有許多綠樹。 (1)with 作介詞,意為“帶有,具有”,常和后面的賓語一起構(gòu)成介詞短語,在句中作后置定語或伴隨狀語。 The girl with golden hair looks very beautiful.(作定語) 那個金發(fā)女孩看起來很漂亮。 I sat in my room for a few minutes with my eyes fixed on the ceiling.(作伴隨狀語) 我在房間里坐了一會兒,眼睛盯著天花板。 4.語法 現(xiàn)在完成時(I) 我們用現(xiàn)在完成時表示從過去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài),或已完成但對現(xiàn)在有一定影響 的活動。如: He has lived here since he came to Nanjing. 自從來到南京,他就住在這里。 I have lost my mobile phone. 我的手機丟了。 現(xiàn)在完成時常和already、ever、just、never、recently、yet等副詞以及since、for引導的 時間狀語連用。如: He has already taken first prize twice.他已經(jīng)拿過兩次一等獎了。 He has not returned the book to me yet. 他還沒有把那本書還給我。 He has never visited the Great Wall. 他從沒去過長城。 注意:already常用于肯定句,意思是“已經(jīng)”,而yet常用于否定句和疑問句,意思是“還”。 現(xiàn)在完成時的動詞構(gòu)成:have/ has 動詞的過去分詞 大多數(shù)動詞的過去分詞變化形式同動詞的過去式,可參照動詞的過去式變化規(guī)則。 不規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞變化: 有些動詞的過去分詞和過去式的變化形式相同,其變化情況大致分類如下:
有些動詞的過去分詞和過去式的變化不同,其變化大致分類如下:
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