冀教版九下第五單元語(yǔ)法強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練 ● 語(yǔ)法全面透視 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)通常緊跟賓語(yǔ)之后對(duì)賓語(yǔ)進(jìn)一步補(bǔ)充、解釋、說(shuō)明,使意思更加完整、正確,做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的一般有:名詞,形容詞,介詞或介詞短語(yǔ),副詞,現(xiàn)在分詞或短語(yǔ),過(guò)去分詞,動(dòng)詞不定式等。 1. 哪些動(dòng)詞后可有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) (1)在表示心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞后接賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 這類動(dòng)詞有:consider(考慮), think(認(rèn)為), believe(相信), discover(發(fā)現(xiàn)), find(發(fā)現(xiàn)), imagine(想象),prove(證明), suppose(假設(shè))等。 這類動(dòng)詞后的不定式通常是“to be+形容詞或名詞”結(jié)構(gòu),think(認(rèn)為), consider(考慮), find(發(fā)現(xiàn))后的to be??墒÷?。 ●We consider him (to be) a good teacher.我們認(rèn)為他是一個(gè)好老師。 ●I thought her (to be) nice and honest the first time I met her. 我第一次見(jiàn)到她的時(shí)候就認(rèn)為她人很好,很誠(chéng)實(shí)。 ●I believe it to be true. 我相信那是真的。 (2)在表示情感狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞后接賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 這類動(dòng)詞有:love(愛(ài)好), like(喜歡), prefer(更喜歡), hate(不喜歡), want(想要), wish(希望), expect(期望)等。 ●I’d prefer you to leave him alone. 我希望你不要打擾他。 ●I don’t want them to be any trouble. 我不想他們有任何麻煩。 友情提示 hope, demand, suggest等動(dòng)詞后面不能接不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 ●I hope you can give me a hand.=I wish you to give me a hand. 我希望你能幫我一把。 ●He demanded that we should be present at the meeting.= He required us to be present at the meeting. 他要求我們出席會(huì)議。 ●Mr. Li suggested that she should not go there alone.= Mr. Li advised her not to go there alone李先生建議她不要獨(dú)自去那里。 2. 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的形式 可作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的形式有:不定式,現(xiàn)在分詞,過(guò)去分詞,名詞,形容,副詞,介詞短語(yǔ)都能作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。 (1)副詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:find(發(fā)現(xiàn)),think(認(rèn)為),let(讓)等。 ●I found him in yesterday. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)他昨天在家。 ●I think her out now.我認(rèn)為她現(xiàn)在出去了。 (2)形容詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:keep(保持), get(使), think(認(rèn)為), find(認(rèn)為,發(fā)現(xiàn)), make(使)等。 ●We must keep our classroom clean.我們必須保持教室干凈。 ●Don’t get your clothes dirty.別把衣服弄臟了。 (3)常接名詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:call, name, make, think等。 ●We call them mooncakes. 我們叫他們?cè)嘛灐?/div> ●She thought her son (to be) a honest boy. 她認(rèn)為她的兒子是一個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的男孩。 (4)常接動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:see, watch, hear, find, keep等。表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。 ●In the country, we can hear birds singing. 在農(nóng)村我們可以聽(tīng)見(jiàn)鳥兒唱歌。 ●I could feel the wind blowing on my face.我能感覺(jué)到風(fēng)吹著我的臉。 (5)常接介詞短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:keep, find, leave等。 ●I left my pen on my desk at home. ●I found my grandpa in the garden.我發(fā)現(xiàn)爺爺在花園里。 (6)不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 1) 常接帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:advise(建議), allow(允許), tell(告訴), want(想要), wish(希望), would like(想要), get(使), ask(要求), teach(教 ) ●She often asks me to help her. 她常常叫我?guī)椭?/div> ●We don’t allow such things to happen again.我們不允許這樣的事情再發(fā)生了。 2) 接不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:see(看見(jiàn)), watch(觀看), hear(聽(tīng)見(jiàn)), make(讓), let(讓), feel(感覺(jué)), notice(注視)等。 ●I often see him play football. 我常常看見(jiàn)他踢足球。 ●They heard her sing in the next room.他們聽(tīng)見(jiàn)她在隔壁房間里唱歌。 3) 用不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的幾種說(shuō)明 ① help后面作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式可以帶to也可以不帶to。 ●I often help my mother(to) do some housework..我常常幫我媽媽干家務(wù)活。 ②在使役動(dòng)詞后作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),不定式不帶to。 有些動(dòng)詞跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)省去了to,這些動(dòng)詞是“一感二聽(tīng)三讓四觀看”。 一感:feel; 二聽(tīng):hear, listen to;三讓:let, have, make;四觀看:see, watch, look at ,notice 。 轉(zhuǎn)為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),其后通常都用帶to的不定式,但have沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 ●Let him do whatever he wishes to do.他想干什么就讓他干吧。 ●Though he had often made his little sister cry, today he was made to cry by his little sister.雖然經(jīng)常是他弄哭小妹妹,但今天他卻被小妹妹弄哭了 4)掌握“使役動(dòng)詞 have + 賓語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞”的幾種含義 在“ have +賓語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中,過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ), have 也可用 get 。這一結(jié)構(gòu)具有以下幾種含義: ①意為“主語(yǔ)請(qǐng)別人做某事”。 ●He wants to have his eyes examined tomorrow. 他明天想去檢查眼睛。(“檢查”的動(dòng)作由醫(yī)生來(lái)進(jìn)行) ②意為“主語(yǔ)遭遇、遭受某一不愉快、不測(cè)的事情”。 ●Be careful, or you’ll have your hands hurt. 當(dāng)心,否則會(huì)弄傷手的。 ③意為“使完成某事”,事情既可以是別人做完,也可以由主語(yǔ)參與完成。 ●He had the walls painted this morning. 他今早把墻漆了。(主語(yǔ)自己可能參與) 5)動(dòng)詞不定式也可作一些短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 ●I’m waiting for James to arrive.我正等著詹姆斯的到來(lái)。 ●He’s arranged for a car to pick them up at the station.他已安排了一輛汽車去車站接他們。 (7)分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者,形成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系;用過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),表示賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者,構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。 1) 跟分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有: make(讓), have(使), get(使), keep(保持), hear(聽(tīng)), find(發(fā)現(xiàn)), feel(感覺(jué)), start(開(kāi)始), begin(開(kāi)始), notice(注視), watch(觀看)等。 ●There was so much noise that the speaker couldn’t make himself heard.由于十分吵鬧,講話人沒(méi)法讓人聽(tīng)到他的聲音。 ●When he awoke, he found himself being looked after by an old woman. 他醒來(lái)的時(shí)候發(fā)現(xiàn)一位老大娘正在照顧他。 友情提示 在listen to和look at后面也可跟賓語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞(即賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))。 ●Sometimes she would listen to him playing the saxophone.有時(shí)她會(huì)聽(tīng)他吹奏薩克斯管。 ●She looked at him waiting there.她瞧著他等在那里 3. 現(xiàn)在分詞、不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的區(qū)別。 (1)feel,find,hear,notice,see,watch等感官動(dòng)詞,既可以跟現(xiàn)在分詞也可以跟不帶to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)?,F(xiàn)在分詞作句子中的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行;不帶to的不定式作句子中的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),表示動(dòng)作的完成。試比較下面句子: ●He saw her working in the garden. (She was working in the garden.)他看見(jiàn)她在花園里干活。 ●He saw her enter the room.(She entered the room.)他看見(jiàn)她走進(jìn)屋子。 (2)使役動(dòng)詞get,have既可以跟現(xiàn)在分詞也可以跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。get sb. to do/have sb. do sth表示“使/讓/叫某人去做某事”,側(cè)重動(dòng)作的結(jié)果;have sb./sth doing表示“使/讓某人/物持續(xù)地做某事”,側(cè)重動(dòng)作的持續(xù);get sb/sth doing表示“使某人/物開(kāi)始行動(dòng)起來(lái)”,側(cè)重動(dòng)作的開(kāi)始。試比較下面的句子: ●Mother had me go to the shop and buy some salt.母親讓我到商店買一些鹽。 ●I can’t get him to stop smoking. He won’t listen to me.我不能使他戒煙。他不聽(tīng)我的話。 ●The mother had the boy cleaning the room the whole afternoon.母親讓這個(gè)男孩整個(gè)下午清理房間。 ●I can’t get the car starting. 我不能把車發(fā)動(dòng)起來(lái)。 ◆ 語(yǔ)法強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練 ( )1.There must be someone at the door. I heard a bell . A. ring B. to ring C. ringing D. was ringing ( )2. The news made me . A.excite B.exciting C.excites D.excited ( )3. Mum always tells me hard. A.am studying B.studying C.to study D. study ( )4. Look! Can you see a boy towards us? A.run B.to run C. runs D.running ( )5. They call his son . A.doing homework B. Jim C. homework D.a Jim ( )6. --Why did you go back to the shop? --I left my friend________there. A.waiting B.to wait C.wait D.waits ( )7. She requested him with her. A. go B.going C.goned D.to go ( )8. Robert often asks us his Chinese, so his Chinese is much better than before. A. help him B. to help him with C. to help with D. helps him with ( )9. Mr Li often teaches his Japanese friends Chinese food. A. cook B. cooks C. to cook D. cooked ( )10. You must keep the classroom and tidy everyday. A. clean B. cleaned C. to clean D. cleaning ( )11. Let him first. A. to be in B. in C. is in D.to be ( )12. I had my bike this morning. A. repair B. repaired C.repairing D. repairs ( )13. You can ask your teacher to give you . A. a hand B. to a hand C. to hand D. handed ( )14. She made him smoking. A. to give up B. give up C. gives up D. giving up ( )15. Would you like us with you? A. go B. to go C. going D. gone ◆答案與解析 1. C 此處考查現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),由句意“門口一定有人,我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)門鈴響了”可知是動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行,感官動(dòng)詞hear的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)有hear sb do sth和 hear sb doing sth, 前者強(qiáng)調(diào)完成了,而后者強(qiáng)調(diào)正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 2. D 此處考查過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),me指人,形容人時(shí)應(yīng)該用excited作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 3. C 此處考查不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),固定搭配tell sb. to do sth.。 4. D 此處考查現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),由look可知?jiǎng)幼髡谶M(jìn)行,see sb. doing sth.表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。 5. B 此處考查名詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),call后不能接現(xiàn)在分詞,再由句意可知是叫他們的兒子的名字,名字前不能加冠詞,所以選擇Jim。 6. A 此處考查現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),由句意“為什么回到了商店,我讓我的朋友在那兒等”,朋友在那兒等的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行,所以用waiting。 7. D 此處考查動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),request的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)只能用動(dòng)詞不定式,也可以看成固定搭配request sb to do sth.“要求某人做某事”。 8. B 此處考查動(dòng)詞不定式和介詞短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),固定搭配ask sb. to do sth“叫某人做某事”,help sb with sth. “幫助某人做某事”,with his Chinese 作him的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),to help him with his Chinese作us的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 9. C 此處考查動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),固定搭配teach sb to do sth“教某人做某事”。 10. A 此處考查形容詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),由and tidy可知,tidy 是一個(gè)形容詞,and連接的兩 個(gè)詞在形式上應(yīng)該保持一致,那么此處也應(yīng)該用一個(gè)形容詞,clean既有動(dòng)詞詞性,也 有形容詞詞性。 11. B此處考查副詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),let后不能接動(dòng)詞不定式,固定搭配是let sb do sth.“讓某人做某事”;let sb. in/ out “讓某人進(jìn)來(lái)/出去”。 12. B 此處考查過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ), my bike是動(dòng)作的承受者,構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,應(yīng)該由過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),have sth. done“讓別人去做某事”。 13. A 此處考查名詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),固定搭配give sb sth “給某人某物”;give sb a hand“給某人幫助”。 14. B 此處考查不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),make后接不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 15. B 此處考查動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),would like后應(yīng)該接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 定語(yǔ)從句 定語(yǔ)從句在句中做定語(yǔ),修飾名詞、詞組或代詞,被修飾的名詞、詞組或代詞叫先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句通常在先行詞之后,由關(guān)系詞(關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞)引出,關(guān)系代詞有who, whom, whose, that, which等;關(guān)系副詞有when, where, why等。關(guān)系詞常有三個(gè)作用:1. 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。2. 代替先行詞。3. 在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。 1. 確定關(guān)系詞 確定關(guān)系詞應(yīng)該遵循三個(gè)步驟:1.確定先行詞 2. 確定關(guān)系詞 3. 確定定語(yǔ)從句中的人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)。 (1)確定先行詞 被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞便是先行詞,首先應(yīng)判斷哪一部分是先行詞,先行詞指人、物、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)還是原因。 ●The person who/ that is asking to see you is James. 要求見(jiàn)你的人是詹姆士。(the person是先行詞) ●The book which/ that I left here just now is gone. 我剛才放在這里的書不見(jiàn)了。(the book是先行詞) ●I’ll forever remember the days whish/ that we spent on the seashore. 我將永遠(yuǎn)記住咱們?cè)诤I一起度過(guò)的那些日子。(the days是先行詞) (2)確定關(guān)系詞 確定關(guān)系詞時(shí)既要考慮先行詞,又要考慮關(guān)系詞在從句中的作用。 ●The person who/ that is asking to see you is James. 要求見(jiàn)你的人是詹姆士。(先行詞the person指人,這個(gè)先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ),因此關(guān)系詞應(yīng)選who 或that) ●The book which/ that I left here just now is gone. 我剛才放在這里的書不見(jiàn)了。(先行詞the book指物,在定語(yǔ)從句中作left的賓語(yǔ),因此應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系代詞which 或that) ●I’ll forever remember the days whish/ that we spent on the seashore. 我將永遠(yuǎn)記住咱們?cè)诤I一起度過(guò)的那些日子。(先行詞the days指時(shí)間,在定語(yǔ)從句中作spent的賓語(yǔ),因此應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系代詞which或 that) ●I’ll forever remember the days whish/ that we played on the seashore. 我將永遠(yuǎn)記住咱們?cè)诤I玩耍的那些日子。(先行詞the days指時(shí)間,在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),因此應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系副詞when) (3)確定定語(yǔ)從句中的人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài) 定語(yǔ)從句中的人稱、數(shù)應(yīng)和先行詞一致。其時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)根據(jù)具體的情景和意義而定,一般不受主句的限制。 ●The person who/ that is asking to see you is James. 要求見(jiàn)你的人是詹姆士。(先行詞是單數(shù),因此定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式,其時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)該根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句的意思而定) ●The book which/ that I left here just now is gone. 我剛才放在這里的書不見(jiàn)了。(定語(yǔ)從句中的just now決定了定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)) 2. 關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 (1) who指人,在從句中作主語(yǔ)。 ●Do you know the man who is sitting behind Nancy? 你認(rèn)識(shí)正坐在南茜后面的那個(gè)人嗎? ●Yesterday I helped an old granny who lost her way.昨天我?guī)土艘晃幻月返睦夏棠獭?/div> (2)whom指人,在從句中只能作賓語(yǔ),??墒÷浴?/div> ●Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you looked for yesterday. 劉先生就是你昨天找的那個(gè)人。 ●Tom is just the boy (whom) I want to visit. 湯姆正是我想去拜訪的那個(gè)男孩。 友情提示 關(guān)系代詞whom在口語(yǔ)和非正式文體中常用who代替,也可省略。 ●She is the woman teacher whom/who I talk with. 她就是和我說(shuō)話的那個(gè)女老師。 ●The man who/whom you met just now is my friend. 你剛才遇見(jiàn)的那個(gè)人是我的朋友。 (3)which指物,在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ),做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。 ●Many young people love the songs which have great lyrics. (作主語(yǔ)) 許多年輕人喜愛(ài)有優(yōu)美歌詞的歌曲。 ●This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. (作賓語(yǔ)) 這是我昨天買的鋼筆。 (4)that指人時(shí),相當(dāng)于who或者whom;指物時(shí),相當(dāng)于which。在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或 者賓語(yǔ),作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。 ●The number of the people that/who come to visit the zoo each month is over ten thousand. (作主語(yǔ)) 每月來(lái)參觀動(dòng)物園的人數(shù)超過(guò)一萬(wàn)。 ●Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? (作賓語(yǔ))今天早晨我看見(jiàn)的那個(gè)人在哪兒。 (5)whose通常指人,也可指物,在定語(yǔ)從句中只作定語(yǔ),若指物還可以和of which互換。 ●He has a friend whose father is a doctor. (指人) 他有一個(gè)爸爸是醫(yī)生的朋友。 ●I once lived in a house whose/ of which roof has fallen in. (指物)我曾經(jīng)住在屋頂落下的房子里。 3. 關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 (1) when指時(shí)間,在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。 ●Without friendship, one can’t be happy although he is rich enough. As for me, I will never forget the days when I spent with my dearest friend. 沒(méi)有友誼,即使他足夠富有也不會(huì)快樂(lè)。至于我,我從不會(huì)忘記與我最親近的朋友一起度過(guò)的時(shí)光。 ●The time when we got together finally came. 我們相聚的時(shí)光終于來(lái)臨。 (2)where指地點(diǎn),在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。 ●I hope to visit Hawaii some day. It is a place where the weather is always warm. 我希望有一天去參觀夏威夷,它是一個(gè)氣候暖和的地方。 ●The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.十年前我住的那個(gè)房子被推倒了。 (3)why指原因,在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)。 ●Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. 請(qǐng)告訴我你誤機(jī)的原因。 ●I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today. 我不知道他今天不高興的原因。 友情提示 關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的從句可以由“介詞+which”結(jié)構(gòu)替換。 ●The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear.不清楚他拒絕邀請(qǐng)的原因。 ●The year when/in which he came here was 1990. 他是1990年來(lái)這兒的。 ●Great changes have taken place in the city in which./where I was born.我出生的那個(gè)城市發(fā)生了很大變化。 (4)that 代替關(guān)系副詞 that可以用于表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、理由的名詞后取代when,where,why和“介詞+which 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,在口語(yǔ)中that常被省略。 ●His father died the year ( that/ when/ in which ) he was born. 他的父親在他出生的那年去世了。 ●He didn’t tell me the reason that/ why/for which he was late.他沒(méi)有告訴我他遲到的原因。 4. that和which的用法區(qū)別 (1)在下列情況下只用which 而不用that 。 1)當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在介詞后面時(shí),只用which不能用that。當(dāng)介詞放在句末時(shí),關(guān)系代詞既可用which也可用that。 ●What’s the question about which they are talking.=What’s the question that/ which they are talking about.他們正在談?wù)摰膯?wèn)題是什么? 2)當(dāng)先行詞為that 時(shí),關(guān)系代詞用which。 ●What’s that which you are holding in your hands.你手里拿的是什么東西? (2)在下列情況下只用that 而不用which 。 1)當(dāng)先行詞為不定代詞everything, nothing, something, anything, none, the one等詞時(shí)。 ●I’m a sport fan. I’m interested in everything that is about the 2008 Olympic Games. 我是體育迷。我對(duì)2008奧運(yùn)會(huì)的一切都感興趣。 ●This book is the one (that) I am looking for. 這本書是我正找的那本。 2)當(dāng)先行詞前有only, any, all, no, few, little, one of, just, very 等詞時(shí)。 ●The only thing (that) we could do was to wait. 我們能做的唯一事情就是等。 ●That’s all (that) o know. 我知道的就這些。 3)當(dāng)先行詞前有一個(gè)最高級(jí)形容詞時(shí)。 ●Jim is the cleverest boy that I have known. 吉姆是我認(rèn)識(shí)的最聰明的男孩。 ●This book is the most interesting that I have read. 這本書是我讀過(guò)的最有趣的書。 4)當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或有序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。 ●The first friend that I have is my mother. 我的第一位老師是我的媽媽。 ●The first thing (that) we should do is to work out a plan. 我們應(yīng)該做的第一件事是訂個(gè)計(jì)劃。 5)當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí),用which 和who 都不行,只用that 。 ●The musician and his music that you just talked about is really well-known.你們正談?wù)摰哪莻€(gè)音樂(lè)家和他的樂(lè)曲真的很有名。 ●LuXun and his works that you know is famous all over the world. 你知道的魯迅和他的著作是世界著名的。 6)主句是there be 結(jié)構(gòu),修飾主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句用that 。 ●There is boiling water in the hotel that is free. 旅館里有免費(fèi)的開(kāi)水。 ●There are many things that I have to do. 我有很多事情要做。 5. 限定性定語(yǔ)從句和非限定性定語(yǔ)從句 定語(yǔ)從句根據(jù)與先行詞的密切程度可分為限定性定語(yǔ)從句和非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。 (1)限定性定語(yǔ)從句 限定性定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞關(guān)系密切,從句是整個(gè)句子不可缺少的部分,即是先行詞不可缺少的定語(yǔ),如果將這種定語(yǔ)從句省去,主句的意思就不完整或不明確。這種定語(yǔ)從句和主句的關(guān)系十分密切,不可用逗號(hào)與主句分開(kāi)。譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí),一般先譯定語(yǔ)從句,再譯先行詞。 ●The distance that light travels in one second is 300 thousand kilometers. 光在一秒鐘運(yùn)行的距離為30萬(wàn)公里。 ●Those who want to go please sign their names here. 想去的人在這里簽名。 (2)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句與先行 的關(guān)系比較松散,從句只是對(duì)先行詞的附加說(shuō)明,如果省去,也不影響主句的意思,它和主句之間往往用逗號(hào)分開(kāi),譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí),從句常常單獨(dú)譯成一句。 ●She is going to spend the summer holidays in Wuhan, where her father works . 她將到武漢去度暑假,她的爸爸在那兒工作。 ●I have a story book, which my brother gave it to me.我有一本故事書,它是我哥哥給我的。 友情提示 that不能引出非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。 ◆ 語(yǔ)法強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練 ( )1. This is I wanted. A. The one what B. which C. one which D. the one ( )2. Mr Smith, there is someone at the front desk would like to speak with you. A. he B. who C. which D. whom ( )3.. Do you like music makes you excited? A. that B. what C. who D. it ( )4.. I work for a company sells cars. A. which B. where C. what D. who ( )5.. --Have you found the information about famous people you can use for the report? --Not yet. I’ll search some on the Internet. A. which B. who C. what D. whom ( )6. --Have you been to new Sports Center is just opened in town? --No, not yet. A. where B. who C. that D. when ( )7. The spaceship will be launched (發(fā)射) in 2008 will be called Shenzhou VII. A. who B. that C. what D. when ( )8. The girl won the match not so long ago is called GuoYue, a famous Chinese table tennis players A. who B. which C. what D. whom ( )9. Miss Green is the only person can help you with your English. A. which B. that C. what D. whom ( )10. —Nothing can bring him to sell the house. —Yeah, it is the house he has spent the happiest days of his life. A. that B. which C. for that D. in which ( )11. --Is the woman walked past just now your teacher? --Yes. She teaches English. A. that, our B. who, us C. whom, us D. who, our ( )12. --Is the girl is interviewing the manager of that company your friend? --Yes,she is a journalist from CCTV. A. whom B. which C. who D. whose ( )13. --Do you know the man is running along the street? --Yes. He is our English teacher. A. who B. which C. whom D. when ( )14. I still remember the day I first came to the school. A. what B. when C. who D. where ( )15. The girls we are playing with are from Class Three. A. what B. which C. who D. whom ( )16.Can you lend me the book the other day? A. about which you talked B. which you talked C. about that you talked D. that you talked ( )17.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of sat a small boy. A. whom B. who C. which D. that ( )18. I’m going to buy everything I need. A. who B. that C. where D. which ( )19.He talked a lot about things and persons they remembered in the school. A. which B. that C. whom D. what ( )20. Shanghai is the city I was born. A. that B. when C. where D. which ◆答案與解析 1. D 由is 可知其后要接一個(gè)表語(yǔ),這樣可以排除B 和C ,A的第一個(gè)字母大寫,不能放于句中,填the one 正好是省略了關(guān)系詞that。 2. B 此句的先行詞是someone指人,且在從句中作主語(yǔ),所以選擇who。 3. A 此句的先行詞是music,指物所以用關(guān)系詞that。 4. A 此句的先行詞是a company指物且在從句中作主語(yǔ),用關(guān)系詞which。 5. A 注意此句的先行詞不是famous people而是the information,the information 指物。 6. C 此句的先行詞是new Sports Center指地點(diǎn),但在句中作主語(yǔ),所以用that 而不用where。 7. B 此句的先行詞是the spaceship指物,關(guān)系詞用that。 8. A 此句的先行詞是the girl指人且在從句中作主語(yǔ),所以關(guān)系詞用who。 9. B 此句的先行詞是the only person,雖然是人,但含有only且作從句的主語(yǔ),所以選擇that。 10. D此句的先行詞是the house 指地點(diǎn),且在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),所以用in which。 11. B 第一句是定語(yǔ)從句,先行詞是the woman且在從句中作主語(yǔ),那么關(guān)系詞可以用that 或who,第二個(gè)空作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)其后用賓格形式的代詞。 12. C 此句的先行詞是the girl在從句中作主語(yǔ),所以選擇who。 13. A 此句的先行詞是the man在從句中作主語(yǔ),所以選擇who。 14. B 此句的先行詞是the day指時(shí)間,在從句中作狀語(yǔ),所以關(guān)系詞用when。 15. C 此句的先行詞是the girls在句中作介詞with的賓語(yǔ),所以選擇whom。 16. A 此句的先行詞是the book,由句意可知是談?wù)搕alk about,而介詞后的關(guān)系詞只能用which,所以排除C,而B和D后均應(yīng)該跟about。 17. C關(guān)系詞前有介詞,而介詞之后只能用which。 18. B此句的先行詞是everything,不定代詞當(dāng)先行詞時(shí),關(guān)系詞只能用that。 19. B此句的先行詞是things and persons,當(dāng)先行詞既指人又指物時(shí),關(guān)系詞只能用that。 20. C 此句的先行詞是the city指地點(diǎn),且在句中作狀語(yǔ),所以用where。 |
|
來(lái)自: 南山松林 > 《教育教學(xué)》