1. 動名詞概說 動名詞既具有動詞的性質(zhì)，又具有名詞的性質(zhì)，因此叫動名詞。（歸根結(jié)底動名詞的詞性是名詞。） ① 動名詞的動詞性質(zhì)表現(xiàn)在，它可以組成動名詞短語，如： My job is arranging the agenda for my boss.我的工作是為老板安排日程。 I finished the project in a month by working overtime.我靠加班在一個月內(nèi)做完了這個項目。 ② 動名詞的名詞性質(zhì)表現(xiàn)在，它可以在句中用作主語、賓語等，如： Studying abroad can be a good experience.留學(xué)是一種很好的經(jīng)歷。(作主語) I regret telling her the truth.我后悔告訴她事實真相了。(作賓語) 2. 動名詞的形式和特征 ① 動名詞的主動形式：doing ② 動名詞的被動形式：being done ⑤ 動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：形容詞性物主代詞/名詞所有格/名詞/賓格人稱代詞+動名詞 在動名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中，物主代詞或名詞所有格是動名詞的邏輯主語，這種復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)多用作主語或賓語，也可用作表語或介詞賓語。當動名詞短語作賓語，放在動詞或介詞后時，名詞所有格或物主代詞分別可用名詞普通格或人稱代詞賓格代替，如： She suggested us forgiving him. 她建議我們原諒他。(作賓語) His not knowing English brought him a lot of inconvenience．他不懂英語，這給他帶來許多麻煩。(作主語) Our only worry is George’s overestimating himself.我們唯一擔心的就是喬治高估了他自己。(作表語) I strongly object to your delivering the speech.我強烈反對你發(fā)表講話。(作介詞賓語) 3. 動名詞的用法 ① 動名詞作主語 Retelling stories is very useful．復(fù)述故事是很有用的。 Her resigning surprises us．她的辭職讓我們很驚訝。 在一些句子中，常用 it 作形式主語，將動名詞放在句子后面。此類句型有： 1) It is + no use/no good/no fun/a great pleasure/a waste of time等名詞+doing sth. It is no good crying.哭沒有好處。 It is no use fixing.修也沒有用。 It is great fun traveling.旅行很有趣。 It is a waste of time playing computer games.玩電腦游戲是浪費時間。 2) It is + useless+doing sth. It is useless crying.哭沒有用。 ② 動名詞作表語 Seeing is believing.百聞不如一見。 My idea is making a plan first.我的想法是先做一個計劃出來。 ③ 動名詞作賓語 動名詞既可作動詞賓語也可作介詞賓語，如： I haven't finished reading today's newspaper．我還沒讀完今天的報紙。(動名詞reading作動詞finish的賓語) I'm afraid of going to the dentist．我害怕去看牙醫(yī)。(動名詞going作介詞of的賓語) ④動名詞作定語 I would like to choose a house with a swimming pool. 我想選個帶游泳池的房子。4. 動名詞與不定式的比較 ① 動名詞可以作介詞的賓語，還可被名詞所有格(或物主代詞）修飾；不定式通常不作介詞賓語，更不能被名詞所有格(或物主代詞)修飾。 She is afraid of going to the dentist．(√)She is afraid of to go to the dentist．(×)她害怕去看牙醫(yī)。 ② 固定用法1）某些動詞后只能加動名詞，常見的此類動詞有：admit，avoid，consider，delay，deny，enjoy，escape，finish，include，keep，miss，stop，suggest，give up 等，如： I enjoy dancing．(√)l enjoy to dance．(×)我喜歡跳舞。 2）某些動詞后只能加不定式，常見的此類動詞有：agree，ask，claim，choose，decide，demand，determine，expect，fail，hope，manage，offer，promise，quit，refuse，resolve，wish 等，如： l decide to quit smoking．(√)l decide quitting smoking．(X)我決定戒煙。{ 獲取更多初中學(xué)科資料，請搜索關(guān)注微信公眾號：增彩生活 （qiaoyingtong）} 3）某些動詞后面既可加動名詞也可加不定式，常她的此類動詞有：attempt，begin，continue，deserve，fear，forget，help，intend，learn，like，love，mean，need，prefer，regret，remember，start，try等，如：She cannot help crying．她不禁哭了起來。She cannot help to cook．她不能幫忙做飯。 5. 動名詞固定搭配 1. consider doing sth. 考慮做某事I consider waiting a bit longer before I give up. 2. practice doing sth. 練習做某事practice doing this type of breathing several times per day. 3. imagine doing sth. 想象做某事I can't imagine marrying such a woman. 4. finish doing sth. 完成做某事Let's finish doing the work together. 5. give up doing sth. 放棄做某事My father has given up smoking. 6. enjoy doing sth. 喜歡做某事I enjoy playing basketball. 7. keep doing sth. 一直做某事I kept studying English for 1 hour yesterday evening. 8. put off doing sth. 推遲做某事Sometimes students put off doing their homework until the last minute. 9. admit doing sth. 承認做某事He admitted making the mistake. 10. suggest doing sth. 建議做某事I suggest traveling abroad next month. 11. risk doing sth. 冒險做某事To win the gamble,he risked losing 100 dollars. 12. advise doing sth. 建議做某事He advises going to see a movie. 13. allow doing sth. 允許做某事We don't allow smoking in the classroom. 14. avoid doing sth. 避免做某事Try to avoid drinking and smoking. 15. appreciate doing sth. 感謝做某事We shall appreciate hearing from you again. 16. delay doing sth. 拖延做某事Why have you delayed writing to him 17. deny doing sth. 否認做某事John denied signing the contract. 18. escape doing sth. 逃脫做某事He escaped being killed. 19. dislike doing sth. 不喜歡做某事He dislikes dancing in public. 20. discuss doing sth. 討論做某事I like to discuss doing sports with my friends. 21. excuse doing sth. 原諒做某事He can't excuse coming late for work. 22. fancy doing sth. 想象/喜愛做某事Are you fancy buying some food with me? 23. mind doing sth. 介意做某事Would you mind opening window? 24. mention doing sth. 提及做某事He mentioned watching TV. 25. forbid doing sth. 禁止做某事They forbid parking here. 26. miss doing sth. 錯過做某事The thief missed being caught yesterday. 27. prohibit doing sth. 禁止/阻止做某事The new rules prohibit smoking. 28. permit doing sth. 允許做某事We do not permit smoking in the office.
