首先，別急！先普及一下基礎(chǔ)知識點(diǎn)。

重點(diǎn)在底部！下拉也行！

主謂一致是英語語法體系中的核心要點(diǎn)，它要求句子的主語和謂語在人稱和數(shù)上達(dá)成一致。這一原則主要通過語法一致、意義一致和就近一致三個(gè)維度得以體現(xiàn)：

1.語法一致

- 單數(shù)主語：單個(gè)名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞、不定式或從句作主語時(shí)，通常被視作單數(shù)概念，謂語動(dòng)詞相應(yīng)采用單數(shù)形式。例如：“Reading enriches the mind.”（閱讀能豐富思維）；“What he has achieved is remarkable.”（他所取得的成就很了不起）。

- 復(fù)數(shù)主語：復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞需使用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：“Books open the door to different worlds.”（書籍開啟通往不同世界的大門）。

- 用and連接的主語：一般而言，由and連接的兩個(gè)或多個(gè)主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：“Tom and Jerry often engage in funny adventures.”（湯姆和杰瑞經(jīng)常進(jìn)行有趣的冒險(xiǎn)）。然而，當(dāng)并列主語指代同一人、同一物或同一概念時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞則用單數(shù)形式。例如：“A needle and thread is essential for sewing.”（針線是縫紉必備的）。

2.意義一致

- 集體名詞：像family（家庭）、team（團(tuán)隊(duì)）、class（班級）等集體名詞作主語時(shí)，若將其視為一個(gè)整體，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；若強(qiáng)調(diào)其中的個(gè)體成員，謂語動(dòng)詞則用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：“The committee decides on important matters.”（委員會決定重要事項(xiàng)）；“The committee are divided in their opinions.”（委員會成員意見有分歧）。

- 單復(fù)數(shù)同形名詞：諸如sheep（羊）、deer（鹿）、fish（魚，強(qiáng)調(diào)條數(shù)時(shí)單復(fù)數(shù)同形）等單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語時(shí)，需依據(jù)句子語境判斷其表示的是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)意義，進(jìn)而確定謂語動(dòng)詞的形式。例如：“This deer looks healthy.”（這只鹿看起來很健康）；“These deer are grazing in the meadow.”（這些鹿在草地上吃草）。

- 表示數(shù)量的短語：“a number of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，因?yàn)椤癮 number of”意為“許多”，強(qiáng)調(diào)復(fù)數(shù)概念；而“the number of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，因?yàn)椤皌he number of”表示“……的數(shù)量”，強(qiáng)調(diào)具體數(shù)字。例如：“A number of students participate in the competition.”（許多學(xué)生參加比賽）；“The number of participants is increasing.”（參與者的數(shù)量在增加）。

- 不可數(shù)名詞：不可數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式。若不可數(shù)名詞前有“a lot of”、“some”、“much”等修飾詞，謂語動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)這些修飾詞后的名詞性質(zhì)決定。例如：“Water sustains life.”（水維持生命）；“Some water in the bottle is contaminated.”（瓶子里的一些水被污染了）。

3.就近一致 

- 連詞連接的并列主語：當(dāng)使用“either...or...”（要么……要么……）、“neither...nor...”（既不……也不……）、“not only...but also...”（不僅……而且……）等連詞連接兩個(gè)并列主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的形式要與離它最近的那個(gè)主語保持一致。例如：“Either you or I am responsible for this task.”（要么你，要么我要負(fù)責(zé)這項(xiàng)任務(wù)）。

- there be句型：在“there be”句型中，be動(dòng)詞的形式取決于離它最近的主語。例如：“There is a pen and some books on the table.”（桌子上有一支鋼筆和一些書）。

好啦！以下特殊情形，打起精神學(xué)一學(xué)。

特別是最后一種。

特殊情形 （99%的同學(xué)忽略，99%老師喜歡）

1. each/every/no + 名詞 and each/every/no + 名詞：當(dāng)句子出現(xiàn)“each/every/no + 名詞 and each/every/no + 名詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，盡管有兩個(gè)名詞，但謂語動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式。這是因?yàn)樵摻Y(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)調(diào)每個(gè)個(gè)體，整體視為單數(shù)概念。例如：“Each boy and each girl has a unique talent.”（每個(gè)男孩和每個(gè)女孩都有獨(dú)特的天賦）。

2.  “one of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語：“one of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，因?yàn)檫@里強(qiáng)調(diào)的是眾多中的“一個(gè)”。例如：“One of the apples is rotten.”（其中一個(gè)蘋果爛了）。而在“one of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + 定語從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，定語從句通常修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞，所以此時(shí)定語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：“He is one of the students who have won awards.”（他是獲獎(jiǎng)的學(xué)生之一）。

3. 分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)作主語：當(dāng)“分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù) + of + 名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的形式取決于“of”后面名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。若名詞是單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；若名詞是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語動(dòng)詞則用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：“Fifty percent of the work is completed.”（百分之五十的工作已完成）；“Thirty percent of the students are from abroad.”（百分之三十的學(xué)生來自國外）。

4. 不定代詞作主語：不定代詞如someone（某人）、anyone（任何人）、everyone（每個(gè)人）、no one（沒有人）、something（某事）、anything（任何事）、everything（每件事）等作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式。例如：“Everyone has their own dreams.”（每個(gè)人都有自己的夢想）；“Something needs to be done about this problem.”（針對這個(gè)問題得采取些措施）。

5. “the + 形容詞”作主語：“the + 形容詞”表示一類人時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；表示抽象概念時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例如：“The elderly deserve our respect.”（老年人值得我們尊重）；“The extraordinary is what makes life interesting.”（非凡之事讓生活變得有趣）。

6. “together with/as well as/along with等連接的主語：當(dāng)主語后接“together with”“as well as”“along with”“including”“l(fā)ike”“but”“except”等詞或短語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的形式要與前面的主語保持一致，這些詞或短語連接的內(nèi)容不影響謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)。例如：“The teacher, together with the students, is going on a field trip.”（老師和學(xué)生們要去實(shí)地考察）；“The book, as well as the pen, is on the table.”（書和筆都在桌子上）。

1. The book on the desk ______ mine. It has my name on it.

A. is  B. are  C. am  D. be

2. A dog and a cat ______ in the yard now.

A. play  B. plays  C. are playing  D. is playing

3. Each flower in the garden ______ beautiful.

A. look  B. looks  C. are looking  D. were looking

4. Every pen and pencil in the box ______ new.

A. is  B. are  C. have  D. has

5. The pair of glasses I bought yesterday ______ very comfortable.

A. is  B. are  C. feel  D. were

6. The news about the sports meeting ______ exciting.

A. is  B. are  C. was  D. were

7. Math, as well as physics, ______ always been a challenge for me.

A. has  B. have  C. is  D. are

8. The police ______ searching for the missing jewelry.

A. is  B. are  C. has  D. having

9. Our family ______ going on a trip next month.

A. is  B. are  C. was  D. were

10. The class ______ divided into four groups for the project.

A. is  B. are  C. has  D. have

11. Either you or I ______ responsible for cleaning the blackboard.

A. am  B. is  C. are  D. be

12. Neither the students nor the teacher ______ happy with the test results.

A. is  B. are  C. was  D. were

13. Not only the children but also their parents ______ interested in the game.

A. is  B. are  C. was  D. were

14. There ______ a ruler and some pencils in the pencil case.

A. is  B. are  C. have  D. has

15. ______ there a library or two labs in the school?

A. Is  B. Are  C. Has  D. Have

16. The population of this city ______ increasing rapidly. And 60% of the population ______ workers.

A. is; is  B. are; are  C. is; are  D. are; is

17. “All ______ ready and all ______ going as planned,” the manager said.

A. is; is  B. are; are  C. are; is  D. is; are

18. Half of the fruit ______ rotten. It smells bad.

A. is  B. are  C. has  D. have

19. A large amount of money ______ spent on the new project.

A. is  B. are  C. have  D. has

20. Three - fourths of the work ______ completed by now.

A. is  B. are  C. have  D. has

21. The young ______ often full of energy.

A. is  B. are  C. has  D. have

22. This kind of trees ______ very tall.

A. is  B. are  C. grows  D. grow

23. Trees of this kind ______ very fast.

A. is  B. are  C. grows  D. grow

24. The girl, along with her classmates, ______ to the park every week.

A. go  B. goes  C. are going  D. have gone

25. The teacher, together with his students, ______ visited the museum last week. (過半了，加油?。?

A. is  B. are  C. was  D. were

26. What he does and what he says ______ not match.

A. do  B. does  C. is  D. are

27. Running every morning ______ good for your health.

A. is  B. are  C. have  D. has

28. To play the piano well ______ a lot of practice.

A. need  B. needs  C. are needing  D. were needing

29. The poor ______ always in need of help.

A. is  B. are  C. has  D. have

30. The first three questions ______ quite easy.

A. is  B. are  C. was  D. has been

31. One of the girls in the class ______ a dancer.

A. is  B. are  C. have  D. has

32. Each man and each woman in the village ______ given a chance to vote.

A. is  B. are  C. have  D. has

33. Many a student in our school ______ won awards.

A. have  B. has  C. are  D. is

34. The rest of the cake ______ enough for two people.

A. is  B. are  C. have  D. has

35. The rest of the students ______ from different cities.

A. is  B. are  C. comes  D. has come

36. A group of tourists ______ visiting the famous temple.

A. is  B. are  C. was  D. has been

37. The pair of trousers I bought last week ______ too long.

A. is  B. are  C. feel  D. were

38. The sheep ______ eating grass on the hillside.

A. is  B. are  C. was  D. has been

39. Politics ______ an important subject.

A. is  B. are  C. have  D. has

40. The Japanese ______ known for their politeness.

A. is  B. are  C. has  D. have

41. Every boy and every girl in the school ______ a uniform.

A. is  B. are  C. have  D. has

42. Neither of the two answers ______ correct.

A. is  B. are  C. have  D. has

43. None of the computers ______ working properly.

A. is  B. are  C. was  D. were

44. What she wants ______ some new clothes.

A. is  B. are  C. have  D. has

45. What they need ______ more time.

A. is  B. are  C. have  D. has

46. More than one student in our class ______ joined the club.

A. have  B. has  C. are  D. is

47. More students than one ______ interested in the competition.

A. have  B. has  C. are  D. is

48. The number of cars in the city ______ increasing. But a number of cars ______ old.

A. is; are  B. are; is  C. is; is  D. are; are

49. A large quantity of rice ______ imported every year.

A. is  B. are  C. have  D. has

50. Large quantities of sand ______ used for building the house.

A. is  B. are  C. have  D. has

1. A：“The book”是單數(shù)名詞，作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，be 動(dòng)詞的單數(shù)形式是 is，所以選 A。

2. C：“A dog and a cat”表示“一只狗和一只貓”，是復(fù)數(shù)概念，且句中有“now”，表明動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，所以用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)“are playing”，選 C。

3. B：“Each flower”表示“每一朵花”，是單數(shù)概念，謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，look 的第三人稱單數(shù)是 looks，所以選 B。

4. A：“Every pen and pencil”強(qiáng)調(diào)每一支筆和每一支鉛筆，整體視為單數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞用 is，選 A。

5. A：“The pair of glasses”表示“這副眼鏡”，“a pair of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，所以用 is，選 A。

6. A：“news”是不可數(shù)名詞，作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，所以用 is，選 A。

7. A：“as well as physics”是伴隨成分，句子主語是“Math”，是單數(shù)，且“has been”是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)，表示從過去到現(xiàn)在一直，所以用 has，選 A。

8. B：“police”是集體名詞，通常表示復(fù)數(shù)概念，作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，所以用 are，選 B。

9. A：“family”作為整體概念時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；表示家庭成員時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。此處“going on a trip”強(qiáng)調(diào)家庭這個(gè)整體的行為，用 is，選 A。

10. A：“class”作整體講時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；這里“divided into four groups”表示把班級整體劃分，所以用 is，選 A。

11. A：“either...or...”連接兩個(gè)主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞遵循就近原則，靠近謂語的主語是“I”，所以用 am，選 A。

12. A：“neither...nor...”連接兩個(gè)主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞遵循就近原則，靠近謂語的主語是“the teacher”，是單數(shù)，所以用 is，選 A。

13. B：“not only...but also...”連接兩個(gè)主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞遵循就近原則，靠近謂語的主語是“their parents”，是復(fù)數(shù)，所以用 are，選 B。

14. A：“there be”句型中，be 動(dòng)詞的形式遵循就近原則，靠近 be 動(dòng)詞的是“a ruler”，是單數(shù)，所以用 is，選 A。

15. A：“there be”句型中，此句靠近 be 動(dòng)詞的是“a library”，是單數(shù)，所以用 Is，選 A。

16. C：“population”作“人口”整體概念時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，所以第一空用 is；“百分?jǐn)?shù) + of + 名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與 of 后的名詞保持一致，“population”這里指人，是復(fù)數(shù)概念，所以第二空用 are，選 C。

17. C：第一個(gè)“all”指人，是復(fù)數(shù)概念，謂語用 are；第二個(gè)“all”指事情，是單數(shù)概念，謂語用 is，所以選 C。

18. A：“Half of + 名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與 of 后的名詞保持一致，“fruit”是不可數(shù)名詞，視為單數(shù)，所以用 is，選 A。

19. A：“a large amount of + 不可數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，“money”是不可數(shù)名詞，所以用 is，選 A。

20. A：“分?jǐn)?shù) + of + 名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與 of 后的名詞保持一致，“work”是不可數(shù)名詞，視為單數(shù)，所以用 is，選 A。

21. B：“the + 形容詞”表示一類人，作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，“the young”表示年輕人，所以用 are，選 B。

22. C：“This kind of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，“grow”的第三人稱單數(shù)是 grows，所以選 C。

23. D：“復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + of this kind”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，所以用 grow，選 D。

24. B：“along with her classmates”是伴隨成分，句子主語是“The girl”，是單數(shù)，所以用 goes，選 B。

25. D：“together with his students”是伴隨成分，句子主語是“The teacher”，且根據(jù)“l(fā)ast week”可知是一般過去時(shí)，所以用 was，選 D。

26. A：“What he does and what he says”是兩個(gè)并列的主語從句，視為復(fù)數(shù)概念，所以用 do，選 A。

27. A：“Running every morning”是動(dòng)名詞短語作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，所以用 is，選 A。

28. B：“To play the piano well”是不定式短語作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，need 的第三人稱單數(shù)是 needs，所以選 B。

29. B：“the + 形容詞”表示一類人，“the poor”表示窮人，作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，所以用 are，選 B。

30. B：“The first three questions”是復(fù)數(shù)主語，所以謂語動(dòng)詞用 are，選 B。

31. A：“One of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，所以用 is，選 A。

32. A：“Each...and each...”連接兩個(gè)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，所以用 is，選 A。

33. B：“Many a + 單數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，所以用 has，選 B。

34. A：“The rest of + 名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與 of 后的名詞保持一致，“cake”是不可數(shù)名詞，視為單數(shù)，所以用 is，選 A。

35. B：“The rest of + 名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與 of 后的名詞保持一致，“students”是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，所以用 are，選 B。

36. B：“A group of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，所以用 are，選 B。

37. A：“The pair of trousers”表示“這條褲子”，“a pair of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，所以用 is，選 A。

38. B：“sheep”單復(fù)數(shù)同形，此處根據(jù)語境表示復(fù)數(shù)概念，所以謂語動(dòng)詞用 are，選 B。

39. A：“Politics”表示“政治學(xué)科”，是單數(shù)概念，作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，所以用 is，選 A。

40. B：“The Japanese”表示“日本人”，是復(fù)數(shù)概念，作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，所以用 are，選 B。

41. D：“Every...and every...”連接兩個(gè)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，“have”的第三人稱單數(shù)是 has，所以選 D。

42. A：“Neither of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，所以用 is，選 A。

43. B：“None of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞既可用單數(shù)也可用復(fù)數(shù)，這里強(qiáng)調(diào)多臺電腦，用復(fù)數(shù) are 更合適，選 B。

44. B：“What she wants”這里“wants”的賓語是“some new clothes”，是復(fù)數(shù)概念，所以謂語用 are，選 B。

45. A：“What they need”這里“need”的賓語是“more time”，是不可數(shù)名詞，視為單數(shù)，所以用 is，選 A。

46. B：“More than one + 單數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，所以用 has，選 B。

47. A：“More + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + than one”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，所以用 have，選 A。

48. A：“The number of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，所以第一空用 is；“a number of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，所以第二空用 are，選 A。

49. A：“A large quantity of + 不可數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，“rice”是不可數(shù)名詞，所以用 is，選 A。

50. B：“Large quantities of + 名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，所以用 are，選 B。