Ⅰ.認(rèn)閱讀單詞

1．hybrid n．雜交植(動)物；合成物；混合動力車

2．crisis n．(pl.crises)危機；危急關(guān)頭

3．characteristic n．特征；特點；品質(zhì) adj.典型的；獨特的

4．conventional adj.傳統(tǒng)的；習(xí)慣的

5．pollinate vt.授粉；傳粉

6．domestic adj.本國的；國內(nèi)的；家用的；家庭的

7．strain n．(動、植物的)系；品種；拉傷；壓力

8．celebrity n．名望；名譽；名人；名流

9．envision vt.展望；想象

10．sorghum n．高粱；高粱米

11．broom n．掃把；掃帚；金雀花

12．grain n．谷物；谷粒；顆粒

13．urban adj.城市的；都市的；城鎮(zhèn)的

14．bomb n．炸彈 vt.轟炸；對……投炸彈

15．tunnel n．地下通道；地道；隧道

16．wheat n．小麥；小麥籽

17．flavour(NAmE -vor)n．味道；特點；特色

18．fertiliser(NAmE-izer) n．肥料

19．poverty n．貧窮；貧困

20．organic adj.有機的；不使用化肥的；有機物的

21．pesticide n．殺蟲劑；除害藥物

22．bacterium n．(pl.bacteria)細(xì)菌

23．grocery n．食品雜貨店；[pl.]食品雜貨

Ⅱ.記重點單詞

1．tackle vt.解決(難題)；應(yīng)付(局面)；處理

2．boost vt.使增長；使興旺 n．增長；提高；激勵

3．yield n．產(chǎn)量；產(chǎn)出 vt.出產(chǎn)(作物)；產(chǎn)生(收益、效益等) vi.屈服；讓步

4．attain vt.(通常經(jīng)過努力)獲得；得到

5．intense adj.熱切的；十分強烈的；激烈的

6．overcome vt.(overcame，overcome)克服；解決；戰(zhàn)勝

7．output n．產(chǎn)量；輸出；輸出量 vt.(output，output)輸出

8．estimate vt.估計；估價；估算 n．估計；估算

9．comprise vt.包括；包含；由……組成

10．generate vt.產(chǎn)生；引起

11．leisure n．閑暇；休閑；空閑

12．soil n．泥土；土壤；國土；領(lǐng)土

13．vision n．想象；視力；視野；影像

14．reality n．現(xiàn)實；實際情況；事實

15．alleviate vt.減輕；緩解

16．widespread adj.分布廣的；普遍的；廣泛的

17．digest vt.& vi.消化 vt.領(lǐng)會；領(lǐng)悟 n．摘要；文摘

18．essential adj.完全必要的；極其重要的

19．mineral n．礦物；礦物質(zhì)

20．alternative n．可供選擇的事物 adj.可供替代的；非傳統(tǒng)的

21．instance n．例子；實例；事例

22．root n．根；根莖；根部；根源

23．aspect n．方面；層面

Ⅲ.知拓展單詞

1．devote vt.把……獻(xiàn)(給)；把……專用于；專心于→devotion n．奉獻(xiàn)；忠誠；摯愛→devotedadj.摯愛的；全心全意的；忠誠的

2．shortage n．不足；缺少；短缺→shortadj.短的；矮的；缺乏的；簡略的

3．convince vt.使相信；使確信；說服→convincingadj.有說服力的；使人信服的→convinced adj.確信的；堅信的

4．assumption n．假定；設(shè)定；(責(zé)任的)承擔(dān)；(權(quán)力的)獲得→assumev．假定；設(shè)想；承擔(dān)→assumingconj.假定；假設(shè)

5．expand vt.& vi.擴大；增加 vt.擴展；發(fā)展(業(yè)務(wù))→expansion n．?dāng)U大；擴張；擴充

6．consumption n．消耗；消耗量；消費→consumevt.消耗；消費；吃；喝→consumern．消費者；用戶；客戶

7．salty adj.含鹽的；咸的→saltn．鹽

8．extension n．?dāng)U建部分；擴大；電話分機→extendvt.伸開；展開；延伸→extensiveadj.廣闊的；大規(guī)模的；廣泛的

9．chemical adj.與化學(xué)有關(guān)的；化學(xué)的 n．化學(xué)制品；化學(xué)品→chemistryn．化學(xué)→chemically adv.化學(xué)上地→chemist n．化學(xué)家；藥劑師

10．nutritional adj.營養(yǎng)(物)的→nutritiousadj.有營養(yǎng)的；營養(yǎng)豐富的→nutrition n．營養(yǎng)；滋養(yǎng)

11．depth n．向下(或向里)的距離；深(度)→deepadj.深的→deeply adv.深深地；強烈地→deepen vt.加深；(使)變深

12．entirely adv.全部地；完整地；完全地→entireadj.全部的；完全的

1．hesitate vt.猶豫；躊躇

2．hopeless adj.沒有希望的；絕望的

3．horrible adj.令人恐懼的；恐怖的

4．humor n．幽默，幽默感

5．humorous adj.幽默的

6．hypothesis n．假設(shè)；前提

7．ideal adj.理想的；美好的

8．identification n．鑒定；識別

Ⅳ.背核心短語

1．devote...to把……用于；獻(xiàn)身；致力；專心

2．be comprised of包括；包含；由……組成(或構(gòu)成)

3．deep down在內(nèi)心深處；本質(zhì)上；實際上

4．in turn相應(yīng)地；轉(zhuǎn)而；依次；輪流

5．for instance例如；比如

6．be like...像……

7．fulfil one’s dreams 實現(xiàn)某人的夢想

8．in fact事實上

9．turn to轉(zhuǎn)向；求助于

10．be ready for為……做準(zhǔn)備

Ⅴ.悟經(jīng)典句式

1．However，what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.(that引導(dǎo)的表語從句)

然而，他最關(guān)心的是農(nóng)民經(jīng)常糧食歉收，有時甚至出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重的食物短缺。

2．How this could be done was a challenging question at the time.(how引導(dǎo)的主語從句)

如何實現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)成為當(dāng)時一個頗具挑戰(zhàn)性的問題。

3．However，whether it was possible to develop a hybrid of self-pollinating plants such as rice was a matter of great debate.(whether引導(dǎo)的主語從句)

然而，是否可能開發(fā)出水稻等自花授粉作物的雜交品種，仍眾說紛紜。

4．Given that Yuan’s hybrids made him quite wealthy，one might think he would have retired to a life of leisure.(given that引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句)

考慮到雜交水稻使袁隆平變得相當(dāng)富有，人們可能認(rèn)為他會退休享受閑適的生活。

5．Why different crops are grownis because they put important minerals back into the ground，making it ready for the next batch of crops.(why引導(dǎo)的主語從句；because引導(dǎo)的表語從句)

種植不同作物是為了把重要的礦物質(zhì)重新放回土壤之中，讓土壤為下一批作物(的種植)做好準(zhǔn)備。

請先從表格中選用本單元所學(xué)詞匯完成下列短文，然后核對答案并背誦該短文。

Our class is comprised of thirty students from the countryside.Deep down，all of us envisionourselves attaining respectful jobs in urban cities in the near future.Dreams are rooted in our hearts.We are greatly 1.convinced that being entirely devoted to our study can boost our confidence in tackling crises.We will combine conventional learning methods with modern ones to expandour knowledge.Then we’ll bravely output what we have learned.Certainly，it is essential that we shouldn’t 2.yield to difficulties.The instant we can’t digest some aspectsthe teacher says in class，we will be overcome with sorrow.Too much homework generates much strain，but we have alternativemethods to 3.alleviate our frustration.For instance，we will buy nutritiousfoods in a grocery store in our leisure time，although we have a 4.shortageof money.On the assumption that we always have such an 5.intense andwidespread interest in study，it is estimated that we can put our dreams into 6.reality，whichin turn can enable us to live a better life that we have been looking forward to.

提示：題干中加底紋詞匯為本單元詞匯

 devote vt.把……獻(xiàn)(給)；把……專用于；專心于(常與介詞to連用)(devotedadj.深愛的；忠誠的 devotion n．奉獻(xiàn)；忠誠；摯愛)

(1)It is his devotion(devote) to his learning that enables him to attaina doctor’s degree.

(2)我最崇拜的人是我的英語老師，他致力于教學(xué)。(2020·全國Ⅰ，書面表達(dá))

①The person I admire most is my English teacher who/that devotes himself to/is devoted to his teaching.(定語從句)

②The person I admire most is my English teacher devoted to his teaching.(過去分詞短語作后置定語)

 convince vt.使相信；使確信；說服(convincedadj.確信的；堅信的 convincing adj.令人信服的)

(1)His speech was so convincingthat everyone present entirely believed what he said.From his convincing words，I was entirely convinced of his ability to tackle this problem perfectly.(convince)

(2)我深信我能勝任這份工作，如果有幸得到這個職位，我將盡最大努力履行職責(zé)。(應(yīng)用文寫作之申請信)

I am greatly convinced that I am qualified for this job and I will try my best to perform my duties if I am lucky enough to get the position.

(3)我已經(jīng)說服爸爸支持我們沿湄公河騎行的計劃。告訴他我們所作的準(zhǔn)備之后，我已使他相信我們有能力獨自安全旅行。

I have convinced my father to support our plan to cycle along the Mekong River.After telling him what we have prepared，Ihave convinced him of our ability to have a safe trip/that we have the ability to have a safe trip.

 assumption n．假定；設(shè)定；(責(zé)任的)承擔(dān)；(權(quán)力的)獲得(assumev．假定；設(shè)想；承擔(dān)；假裝)

(1)Deep down they assumed her to be(be) the best singer of their time.

(2)假如我被選為學(xué)生會主席，我將組織更多豐富多彩的課外活動以豐富我們的學(xué)校生活。

On the assumption that/Assuming that I am chosen to be chairman of the Student Union，I will organize more colorful after-class activities to enrich our school life.

(3)People assume that drinking Chinese tea can not only refresh ourselves but also strengthen our memory.(話題寫作之傳統(tǒng)文化)

→It is generally assumed that not only can drinking Chinese tea refresh ourselves but also it can strengthen our memory.(用It is generally assumed that...；not only...but also...的倒裝句改寫)

 alternativen．可供選擇的事物adj.可供替代的；非傳統(tǒng)的(alternatively adv.可供選擇地)

(1)On the assumption that you are available，I can come to your house，or alternatively(alternative)，we can meet in the town.

(2)面對海洋令人擔(dān)憂的現(xiàn)狀，人類別無選擇只能彼此合作解決這個海洋危機。畢竟，世界上沒有東西可以是海洋的替代品。(2022·全國甲，書面表達(dá))

Faced with the worrying current situation of oceans，human beings have no alternative but to cooperate with each other to tackle the ocean crisis.After all，nothing in the world can be an alternative tooceans.

 in turn轉(zhuǎn)而；相應(yīng)地；反過來；依次；輪流

用turn的相關(guān)短語填空

Some student representatives (1)took turns to deliver speeches at the coming-of-age ceremony.Finally，it (2)was my turn.Personally，in the past it was our parents and teachers that helped us in many aspectsand (3)in turn，we should give a helping hand to them from now on. For instance，we and our parents can do housework (4)by turns.It (5)turns out that the ceremony makes a great difference to us.(改編自2020·天津6月，書面表達(dá))

 given that引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句Given thatYuan’s hybrids made him quite wealthy，one might think he would have retired to a life of leisure.考慮到雜交水稻使袁隆平變得相當(dāng)富有，人們可能認(rèn)為他會退休享受閑適的生活。

(1)鑒于您對中國的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日端午節(jié)非常感興趣，我寫信向您介紹這一節(jié)日。(話題寫作之傳統(tǒng)文化)

Given that you are keen on the traditional Chinese festival，Dragon Boat Festival，I am writing to introduce it to you.

(2)鑒于沒有人幫他與惡狼作斗爭，他立即從自行車上下來，并且抓牢自行車，用盡全力把它扔向狼，試圖把狼嚇跑。(讀后續(xù)寫之動作鏈描寫)

Given that there was nobody to help him fight against the fierce wolf，he instantly got off the bike，seized the bike tightly and threw it towards the wolf with all his strength，trying to frighten it away.

1．Her pet transport job was born of the financial crisis in the late 2000s.(2022·浙江1月)

她的寵物運輸工作誕生于2000年代末的金融危機。

2．Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact and share with one another.(2022·全國乙)

長久的友誼具有雙方平等聯(lián)系和彼此分享的特征。

3．But the study was small and needs to be repeated with far larger groups of people to determine exactly whichaspects of an exercise routine make the biggest difference.(2022·新高考全國Ⅱ)

但是這項研究規(guī)模很小，需要在更大的群體中重做這項研究以精確地確定日常鍛煉的哪些方面影響最大。

4．The next step，according to the researchers，is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues，or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections.

(2022·全國甲)

研究人員表示，下一步是要試圖弄清楚鳳頭鸚鵡在做出形狀選擇中是完全依賴視覺線索還是也使用觸覺。

5．But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010，McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.(2019·浙江6月)

但是，在將20世紀(jì)20年代和20世紀(jì)30年代進(jìn)行的加利福尼亞森林普查與2001年至2010年之間的另一項調(diào)查進(jìn)行比較時，麥金太爾和他的同事們證實了大樹普遍死亡的情況，即使在受保護的未被砍伐或開發(fā)的荒地上，這種情況也很明顯。

提示：題干中加底紋詞匯為上一單元詞匯

Ⅰ.一詞多義練/熟詞生義練——清除閱讀障礙

1．digest

(1)I only read this digestof the novel，so I don’t know the details.  C 

(2)I haven’t entirely digested what he said just now.  B 

(3)I prefer this kind of food，because it digests well.  A 

2．快速閱讀下列句子并猜測句中加黑詞匯的漢語意思

(1)I will never yieldto the temporary difficulties I am facing now.屈服；讓步

(2)Her parents were overcomewith great sadness at the funeral.受到……的極大影響

Ⅱ.核心知識強化練——鞏固語言知識

1．I think we should devote much more time to adjusting(adjust) to the new environment.

2．I found his speech convincing(convince) and he would call on more people to take regular exercise.

3．My assessments were based on the assumption(assume) that house prices would remain steady.

4．I have no alternative butto ask(ask) him for an appropriateway to solve the problem.

5．The educators in this school took turns to deliver(deliver) a speech in the rural schools.

6．It is essential that he(should) get(get) some reliableinformation before making inferences.

7．A shortage(short) of experience caused us to assess what had happened in an incorrect way.

8．Assuming(assume) that I settled the conflict，I would employ an entirely new way.

9．To turn their dreams into a reality(real)，thetwins work very hard.

10．What made me thrilled was that I could distinguish between this kind of flower and another one.

Ⅰ.單句寫作——應(yīng)用文增分練

話題寫作之愛心義賣活動

1．鑒于高三學(xué)生即將畢業(yè)，昨天學(xué)生會組織了愛心義賣活動(charity sale)，以較低的價格出售各種舊書和二手物品。(given that...)

Given that Senior Three students are to graduate，a charity sale was organized by the Student Union yesterday to sell various used books and second-hand goods at a lower price.

2．這次愛心義賣活動由開幕式、賣東西和閉幕式組成。(be comprised of)

The charity sale was comprised of the opening ceremony，the selling of objects and the closing ceremony.

3．事實上原先的高三學(xué)生在畢業(yè)前把許多時間投入到賣二手書上。(devote)

Actually former Senior Three students devoted much time to selling second-hand books before graduation.

4．高三學(xué)生深信低年級學(xué)生可以買到他們所渴望的圖書。(convince)

Senior Three students were greatly convinced that junior students could buy the books they had a desire for.

5．總而言之，所有師生都認(rèn)為這個活動是有意義的。(assume)

All in all，all the teachers and students assume the activity (to be) meaningful.

Ⅱ.微型寫作——續(xù)寫提能練

教材續(xù)寫語料

1．情感描寫

convince vt.使相信；使確信；說服→convincingadj.有說服力的；使人信服的→convinced adj.確信的；堅信的

intense adj.熱切的；十分強烈的；激烈的

deep down在內(nèi)心深處；本質(zhì)上；實際上

2．動作描寫

tackle vt.解決(難題)；應(yīng)付(局面)；處理

boost vt.使增長；使興旺 n．增長；提高；激勵

yield n．產(chǎn)量；產(chǎn)出 vt.出產(chǎn)(作物)；產(chǎn)生(收益、效益等) vi.屈服；讓步

overcome vt.(overcame，overcome)克服；解決；戰(zhàn)勝

alleviate vt.減輕；緩解

devote vt.把……獻(xiàn)(給)；把……專用于；專心于

續(xù)寫語料運用

請從以上語料中選擇合適的詞匯，完成以下語段。然后核對答案并背誦該語段。

看見我朋友悲痛欲絕，我內(nèi)心深處是如此焦慮，以致于感覺就像熱鍋上的螞蟻。我必須竭盡全力振奮他的精神，并說服他不要向暫時的失敗屈服。我向他提供了一些有效的措施，以緩解他的悲傷并解決他的問題。最終，他相信只有致力于學(xué)習(xí)他才能通過考試。當(dāng)我看到他走出陰霾，我的心感覺像喝了蜂蜜一樣甜。

Seeing my friendovercome with intense grief，I was so anxious deep down that I felt like an ant on a hot pan.I must do whatever I could toboost his spirits and convince him not to yieldto the temporary failure.I offered him some effective measures to alleviatehis sadness and tackle his problems.Finally，he was convinced that only if he devoted himself to/was devoted to his study could he pass the exam.When I saw him come out of the haze，my heart was as sweet as honey.