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為什么男人普遍短命?

 丨較高端人類丨 2022-07-06 發(fā)布于江蘇

【寫在最后】

不婚不育芳齡永繼可能有其科學(xué)道理,近期的一些研究表明:交配是一種資源損耗,延遲交配居然會增加生物的壽命。一項針對紅蜘蛛螨的研究表明:對雌性而言,節(jié)食和延遲交配可增加壽命。但對雄性,節(jié)食則會縮短壽命。延遲交配并不影響壽命。另一項針對老鼠的研究表明:在生命前期頻繁交配而不生育將對雌鼠壽命產(chǎn)生不利影響,而前期生育并不會造成雌鼠壽命顯著縮短。

根據(jù)世界衛(wèi)生組織發(fā)布的《2019年世界衛(wèi)生統(tǒng)計》報告,全球范圍內(nèi)女性預(yù)期壽命均超過男性。國家衛(wèi)健委2018年的統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)顯示,我國女性的平均壽命是77.37歲,而男性只有72.38歲,差了整整五歲。目前,我國人均預(yù)期壽命提高到77.93歲,估計男性依然拖了后腿。

參考資料:

[1] Hossin M Z. The male disadvantage in life expectancy: can we close the gender gap?[J]. International Health, 2021, 13(5): 482-484.

[2] Oksuzyan A, Juel K, Vaupel J W, et al. Men: good health and high mortality. Sex differences in health and aging[J]. Aging clinical and experimental research, 2008, 20(2): 91-102.

[3] Marais G A B, Gaillard J M, Vieira C, et al. Sex gap in aging and longevity: can sex chromosomes play a role?[J]. Biology of sex differences, 2018, 9(1): 1-14.

[4] Barrett E L B, Richardson D S. Sex differences in telomeres and lifespan[J]. Aging cell, 2011, 10(6): 913-921.

[5] Ingemarsson I. Gender aspects of preterm birth[J]. BJOG: an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology, 2003, 110: 34-38.

[6] Lema?tre J F, Ronget V, Tidière M, et al. Sex differences in adult lifespan and aging rates of mortality across wild mammals[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2020, 117(15): 8546-8553.

[7] Gordon C A, Madamanchi N R, Runge M S, et al. Effect of oxidative stress on telomere maintenance in aortic smooth muscle cells[J]. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Molecular Basis of Disease, 2022, 1868(7): 166397.

[8] Tamás V, Kocsor F, Gyuris P, et al. The young male syndrome—An analysis of sex, age, risk taking and mortality in patients with severe traumatic brain injuries[J]. Frontiers in neurology, 2019: 366.

[9] Chaplin T M. Gender and emotion expression: A developmental contextual perspective[J]. Emotion Review, 2015, 7(1): 14-21.

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