【寫(xiě)在最后】 很多人應(yīng)該都想過(guò)這樣一個(gè)問(wèn)題:先有男人還是先有女人?有人會(huì)說(shuō)先有女人,胎兒在性器官出現(xiàn)之前,都更加接近于女性特征。也有人會(huì)說(shuō)先有男人,女人身體內(nèi)都是先產(chǎn)生雄性激素,然后再合成雌性激素。到底誰(shuí)先誰(shuí)后呢?其實(shí),從生物演化的角度來(lái)看,無(wú)論男人還是女人,必然都是進(jìn)化成人之前的動(dòng)物進(jìn)化來(lái)的。探討男人和女人誰(shuí)先誕生的本質(zhì),是探討雄性動(dòng)物和雌性動(dòng)物誰(shuí)先誕生。那雄性和雌性,誰(shuí)先誕生呢?真核生物在10多億年前誕生,隨后出現(xiàn)了有性繁殖。但一開(kāi)始,有性繁殖是同配生殖:配子都是一模一樣的,并沒(méi)有性別的區(qū)分。但隨著不斷進(jìn)化,配體的大小逐漸發(fā)生了差異,一種變得更小以數(shù)量取勝,一種數(shù)量少但以質(zhì)量取勝,前者是精子,后者是卵子。而擁有精子的個(gè)體被定義為雄性,有卵子的被定義為雌性。因?yàn)榕渥邮腔ハ嗯鋵?duì)的,有精子才有卵子,有卵子才有精子。所以,我們最終可以得出這樣的一個(gè)結(jié)論:男性和女人其實(shí)是在億萬(wàn)年來(lái),互相配對(duì)的過(guò)程中一起誕生的,并沒(méi)有先后之分。 參考資料: [1] Brisken C , O"Malley B . Hormone Action in the Mammary Gland[J]. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology, 2010, 2(12):a003178-a003178. [2] Heiman J R , Rupp H , Janssen E , et al. Horm Behav. 2011 May;59(5):772-9. doi: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2011.03.013. Epub 2011 Apr 14. Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't. [3] D K, Hamson, S R,等. Androgens increase survival of adult-born neurons in the dentate gyrus by an androgen receptor-dependent mechanism in male rats.[J]. Endocrinology, 2013. [4] Okamoto M , Hojo Y , Inoue K , et al. Mild exercise increases dihydrotestosterone in hippocampus providing evidence for androgenic mediation of neurogenesis.[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2012, 109(32):13100. [5] Zhang J M , Tonelli L , Regenold W T , et al. Effects of neonatal flutamide treatment on hippocampal neurogenesis and synaptogenesis correlate with depression-like behaviors in preadolescent male rats.[J]. Neuroscience, 2010, 169(1):544-554. [6] MD Spritzer, Ibler E , Inglis W , et al. Testosterone and social isolation influence adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of male rats[J]. Neuroscience, 2011, 195:180-190. |
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