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在英語中如何表達(dá)“時(shí)間”

 外語行天下 2020-07-22

一. 時(shí)間點(diǎn)的表達(dá)    

1、所有的時(shí)間都可以用“小時(shí) + 分鐘”直接讀:  

1:9 one nine

2:40 two forty

3:35 three thirty-five

4:12 four twelve

5:27 five twenty-seven

6:10 six ten 

7:31 seven thirty-one

8:30 eight thirty

9:49 nine forty-nine

10:01 ten one

11:29 eleven twenty-nine

12:54 twelve fifty-four

2、如果所表述的時(shí)間在半小時(shí)之內(nèi),可以用“分鐘 + past + 小時(shí)”:

1:12 twelve past one

2:23 twenty-three past two

3:24 twenty-four past three

4:09 nine past four

5:16 sixteen past five

6:10 ten past six

7:19 nineteen past seven

8:02 two past eight

9:11 eleven past nine

10:13 thirteen past ten

11:29 twenty-nine past eleven

12:25 twenty-five past twelve

3、如果所表述的時(shí)間在半小時(shí)之外,可以用“(相差的)分鐘 + to + (下一)小時(shí)”: 

1:31 twenty-nine to two

2:35 twenty five to three

3:44 sixteen to four

4:47 thirteen to five

5:36 twenty-four to six

6:43 seventeen to seven

7:48 twelve to eight

8:59 one to nine

9:49 eleven to ten

10:37 twenty-three to 11

11:45 fifteen to twelve

4、如果所表述的時(shí)間恰好為半小時(shí),可以用“half + past + 小時(shí)”: 

1:30 half past one

2:30 half past two 

3:30 half past three

4:30 half past four

5:30 half past five

6:30 half past six

7:30 half past seven

8:30 half past eight

9:30 half past nine

10:30 half past ten

11:30 half past eleven

12:30 half past twelve

5、如果所表述的分鐘和15有關(guān),就有三種表達(dá)法:(15分鐘又叫一刻鐘:a quarter) 

1:15 one fifteen = fifteen past one = a quarter past one

1:45 one forty-five = fifteen to two = a quarter to two

2:15 two fifteen = fifteen past two= a quarter past two

2:45 two forty-five = fifteen to three = a quarter to three

3:15 three fifteen = fifteen past three= a quarter past three

3:45 three forty-five = fifteen to four = a quarter to four

4:15 four fifteen = fifteen past four= a quarter past four

4:45 four forty-five = fifteen to five = a quarter to five

5:15 five fifteen = fifteen past five = a quarter past five

5:45 five forty-five = fifteen to six = a quarter to six

6:15 six fifteen = fifteen past six = a quarter past six

6:45 six forty-five = fifteen to seven= a quarter to seven

7:15 seven fifteen = fifteen past seven = a quarter past seven

7:45 seven forty-five = fifteen to eight= a quarter to eight

8:15 eight fifteen = fifteen past eight= a quarter past eight

8:45 eight forty-five = fifteen to nine = a quarter to nine

9:15 nine fifteen = fifteen past nine = a quarter past nine

9:45 nine forty-five = fifteen to ten = a quarter to ten

10:15 ten fifteen = fifteen past ten  = a quarter past ten

10:45 ten forty-five = fifteen to eleven= a quarter to eleven

11:15 eleven fifteen = fifteen past eleven= a quarter past eleven

11:45 eleven forty-five = fifteen to twelve= a quarter to twelve

12:15 twelve fifteen = fifteen past twelve = a quarter past twelve

12:45 twelve forty-five = fifteen to one= a quarter to one

6、整點(diǎn)的表達(dá): 

現(xiàn)在是兩點(diǎn)整。It's two./It's two o'clock.  

另外英語中的 noon 和midnight 可分別直接表示白天和夜晚的12點(diǎn):

noon:

We should be there by noon(twelve).

我們應(yīng)該最晚中午到達(dá)。

It's (twelve) noon. 

現(xiàn)在是中午十二點(diǎn)。

midnight:

They had to leave at midnight .

他們不得不半夜離開。

It's (twelve) midnight. 

現(xiàn)在是半夜零點(diǎn)。

7、大約時(shí)間: 

It's almost two. 

馬上到兩點(diǎn)了。

It's almost noon.

快中午了。

It's almost midnight.

快午夜了。

It's not quite two. 

還不到兩點(diǎn)。

It's just after two. 

剛過兩點(diǎn)。

8、若想表明是上午,可在時(shí)間后加上a.m.  如:

Sometimes I'd even call up at 4 a.m. 

有時(shí)我甚至早上四點(diǎn)都打電話。

It starts at 10 a.m.

上午10點(diǎn)開始。

He arose at 6:30 a.m. as usual. 

同往常一樣,他在早上6:30起了床。

若想表明是下午,可在時(shí)間后加上p.m. 如:

The appointment is at 3 p.m.

約會(huì)定于下午3點(diǎn)。

The spa closes at 9:00 pm.

休閑健身中心晚上9點(diǎn)關(guān)門。

9、句子范例  

1.It's nine forty-five. =It's a quarter to ten. 

2. It's two seventeen. =It's seventeen past two. 

3. It's three. =It's three o'clock. 

4. It's nine thirty. =It's half past nine. 

5. It's six fifteen. =It's a quarter past six. 

6. It's three fifty. =It's ten to four.  

二. 世紀(jì)、年代、年、月、日的表達(dá)     

1、世紀(jì): 

①用“定冠詞+序數(shù)詞+century”表示  例:

在十七世紀(jì) 寫作:in the 17th century,讀作:in the seventeenth century

②用“定冠詞+百位進(jìn)數(shù)+s”表示  例:

在十七世紀(jì) 寫作:in the 1600s,讀作:in the sixteen hundreds

注意:這種情況下,實(shí)際表達(dá)的世紀(jì)數(shù)是阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字本身加一。

2、年代  用“定冠詞+(世紀(jì)百位進(jìn)數(shù)+十位年代數(shù))+s”表示  例:

在二十世紀(jì)三十年代 寫作:in the 1930s,讀作:in the thirties of the twentieth century或 in the nineteen thirties

表示某年代的早期、中期和晚期,可以在定冠詞后添加early, mid-和late 例如: 

在二十世紀(jì)二十年代早期 in the early 1920s;在二十世紀(jì)五十年代中期 in the mid-1950s

3、年月日  

1)年份  

① 讀年份時(shí)一般分為兩個(gè)單位來讀,前兩個(gè)數(shù)為一個(gè),后兩個(gè)數(shù)為一個(gè):1949 讀作:nineteen forty-nine或nineteen hundred and forty-nine

② 如果是三位數(shù),先讀第一位,再把后兩個(gè)數(shù)合起來讀:253 讀作:two fifty-three或two hundred and fifty-three

③ 另外:2000 讀作:two thousand,1902 讀作:nineteen hundred and two或 nineteen o two

④ 如果要使用year,year放在數(shù)詞之前  例如:

in the year two fifty-three B.C. 在公元前253年

2)月份  月份是專有名詞,除了少數(shù)幾個(gè)月份外都有縮寫形式:

January - Jan. 一月 

February - Feb. 二月 

March - Mar. 三月

April - Apr. 四月 

May  五月

June - Jun. 六月

July - Jul. 七月

August - Aug. 八月 

September - Sept. 九月 

October - Oct. 十月 

November - Nov. 十一月 

December - Dec. 十二月 

注意:縮寫形式后面的點(diǎn)不能省略,因?yàn)樗潜硎究s寫形式的符號(hào)。

3)日期:用序數(shù)詞表示  例:

十月一日 寫作:October 1, October 1st, 1 October, 1st October, (the) 1st of October等,其中的October都可以寫成縮寫形式Oct. 讀作:October the first或the first of October

4)年月日  用英語表達(dá)年月日的順序: 

① 月\日\年  例:2002年1月17日  寫作:January 17(th), 2002或January seventeenth, 2002(日和年之間需用逗號(hào)隔開)  讀作:January the seventeenth, two thousand and two

②日\月\年  例:2002年1月17日  寫作:17(th) January, 2002或the seventeenth of January, 2002(月和年之間需用逗號(hào)隔開)  讀作:the seventeenth of January, two thousand and two

4. 介詞的使用: 若指在哪一年或哪一月,用介詞in;若具體到某一天,需用介詞on。例如: 

She was born in 1989. 

她出生于1989年。

She was born in August. 

她八月份出生。

She was born in August 1989. 

她出生于1989年8月。

She was born on 2nd August, 1989.

她出生于1989年8月2日。

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