寒假,正是預(yù)習(xí)的好時(shí)機(jī),王老師給初一的寶寶們準(zhǔn)備了下冊(cè)課本的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)。 Unit 1 Can you play the guitar? 1. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+V原 can do= be able to do 2. Play+ the+ 樂(lè)器 +球類(lèi),棋類(lèi) 3. join 參加社團(tuán)、組織、團(tuán)體 4. 4個(gè)說(shuō)的區(qū)別: say+內(nèi)容 Speak+語(yǔ)言 Talk 談?wù)?talk about sth talk with sb talk to sb Tell 告訴,講述 tell sb (not)to do sth Tell stories/ jokes 5. want= would like +(sb)to do sth 6. 4個(gè)也的區(qū)別:too 肯定句末 (前面加逗號(hào)) Either否定句末(前面加逗號(hào)) Also 行前be 后 As well 口語(yǔ)中(前面不加逗號(hào)) 7. be good at+ V-ing=do well in 擅長(zhǎng)于 be good for 對(duì)…有益 (be bad for對(duì)…有害) be good to 對(duì)…友好 (good 可用friendly,nice,kind替換) be good with和…相處好=get>8. 特殊疑問(wèn)句的構(gòu)成:疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句 9. How/ what about+V-ing …怎么樣?(表建議) 10. 感官動(dòng)詞(look, sound, taste, smell, feel)+adj/ like 11. 選擇疑問(wèn)句:回答不能直接用Yes或者No,要從中選擇一個(gè)回答 12. students wanted for school show(wanted表示招募,含有被動(dòng)意義) 13. show sth to sb=show sb sth give sth to sb=give sb sth 14. help sb (to)do sth Help sb with sth With sb’s help= with the help of sb Help>15. be busy doing sth/ be busy with sth 16. need to do sth 17. be free= have time 18. have friends= make friends 19. call sb at +電話(huà)號(hào)碼 20.on the weekend= on weekends 21. English-speaking students 說(shuō)英語(yǔ)的學(xué)生(帶有連詞符,有形容詞性質(zhì)) 22. do kung fu表演功夫 Unit 2 What time do you go to school? 1. 問(wèn)時(shí)間用what time或者when At+鐘點(diǎn) at 7 o’clock at noon/ at night(during/ in the day) On+ 具體某天、星期、特指的一天 on April 1st on Sunday on a cold winter morning In +年、月、上午、下午、晚上 2. 時(shí)間讀法:順讀法 逆讀法:分鐘≤30用past five past eight(8:05) half past eight(8:30) 分鐘>30用to a quarter to ten(9:45) 整點(diǎn)用 …o’clock 7 o’clock(7:00) 3. 3個(gè)穿的區(qū)別: wear 表狀態(tài),接服裝、手套、眼鏡、香水等 Put>Dress 表動(dòng)作,接sb/> 4. from…to… 5. be/ arrive late for 6. 頻度副詞(行前be后) Always usually often sometimes seldom hardly never 7. 一段時(shí)間前面要用介詞for for half an hour for five minutes 8. eat/ have… for breakfast/ lunch/ dinner/ supper 9. either…or 10. a lot of=lots of 11. it is +adj+for sb +to do sth (adj修飾to do sth) It is important for me to learn English. it is +adj+of sb +to do sth (adj修飾sb) It is kind/ friendly/ nice of you to help me. 12. 感嘆句:How+adj+主謂! How+adj+a/an +n單+主謂! What+ a/an +adj+ n單+主謂! What+ adj+ n復(fù)/ 不可數(shù)+主謂! Unit 3 How do you get to school? 1. 疑問(wèn)詞 How 如何(方式) how long 多長(zhǎng)(時(shí)間)答語(yǔ)常用“(For/ about +)時(shí)間段” how far多遠(yuǎn)(距離)答語(yǔ)常用“(It’s +)數(shù)詞 +miles/ meters/ kilometers” how often多久一次(頻率)答語(yǔ)常用“Always/ often/ every day/…”或 “次數(shù)+時(shí)間”等表頻率的狀語(yǔ) How soon多快,多久以后,常用在將來(lái)時(shí)中。答語(yǔ)常用“in +時(shí)間段” how many多少(接可數(shù)名詞) how much(接不可數(shù)名詞) why為什么(原因) what什么 when何時(shí) who誰(shuí) whom誰(shuí)(賓格)(針對(duì)賓語(yǔ)提問(wèn)也可用who) whose誰(shuí)的 2. 賓語(yǔ)從句要用陳述句語(yǔ)序 3. Stop sb from doing sth Stop to do 停下來(lái)去做其他事 Stop doing 停止正在做的事 4. what do you think of/ about…?= how do you like…? 你認(rèn)為…怎么樣? 5. He is 11 years old. He is an 11-year-old boy. 6. many students= many of the students 7. be afraid of sth be afraid to do sth worry about be worried about 擔(dān)心 8. play with sb 9. come true 10. have to do sth 11. he is like a father to me (like像) 12. leave離開(kāi) leave for 出發(fā)前往某地 13. cross 是動(dòng)詞 across是介詞 14. thanks for +n/ V-ing Thanks for your help/ thanks for helping me. Thanks for your invitation/ thanks for inviting/ asking me. Thanks to幸虧,由于,因?yàn)?/p> 15. 4個(gè)花費(fèi): 人+spend/ spends/ spent+時(shí)間/錢(qián)+(in)doing sth/>人+pay/ pays/ paid +錢(qián)+for sth It takes/ took sb +時(shí)間+to do sth 物+cost/ costs/ cost +sb +錢(qián) 16. 交通方式 ●用介詞。在句子中做方式狀語(yǔ)。 ①by +交通工具名詞(中間無(wú)需任何修飾) By bus/ bike/ car/ taxi/ ship/ boat/ plane/ subway/ train…… ②by +交通路線的位置 By land/ water/ sea/ air ③in/>In a/ his/ the car On a/ his/ the bus/ bike/ship/ train/ horse/ motorbike ④on foot 步行 ●用動(dòng)詞。在句子中做謂語(yǔ)。 ①take + a/ the +交通工具名詞 take a bus/ plane/ ship/ train ride a bike ②walk/ drive/ ride/ fly to……(后面接here,there,home等地點(diǎn)副詞時(shí),省略介詞to。)如步行回家:walk home 17. 名詞所有格 (1)一般情況加’s Tom’s pen (2)以s結(jié)尾加’ the teachers’ office ten days’ holiday (3)表示幾個(gè)人共同擁有,在最后一個(gè)名詞后加’s Mike and John’s desk (4)表示每個(gè)人各自擁有,在每個(gè)名詞后加’s Mike’s and John’s desks Unit 4 Don’t eat in class 1. 祈使句(變否定在句首+don’t) Be型(be +表語(yǔ)),否定形式:don’t + be +表語(yǔ) Be quiet,please. Don’t be late! Do型(實(shí)義動(dòng)詞+其他), 否定形式:don’t +實(shí)義動(dòng)詞+其他 Come here,please. Don’t play football here. Let型(let sb do sth), 否定形式:don’t + let sb do sth或者let sb not do sth No+n/ V-ing No photos /mobile; No parking/ smoking/ spitting/ talking/ picking of flowers 2. in class在課堂上 in the classroom 在教室 3. be on time準(zhǔn)時(shí) 4. listen to music 5. (have a)fight with sb 7. eat outside 8. Must 與have to (1)must 表示說(shuō)話(huà)人主觀上的看法,意為“必須”。have to 表示客觀的需要或責(zé)任,意為“不得不,必須”,后接動(dòng)詞原詞。 (2)must沒(méi)有人稱(chēng),時(shí)態(tài)和數(shù)的變化Have to 有人稱(chēng),數(shù),時(shí)態(tài)的變化,其第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式為 has to ,過(guò)去式為had to. 構(gòu)成否定句或疑問(wèn)句時(shí)借助動(dòng)詞do/ does。 (3)have to的否定式是needn’t=don’t / doesn’t have to (不必要);must的否定式是must not/ mustn’t(一定不能,不允許)。 9. Some of… 10. bring…to… 11. practice (doing)sth 12. wash/ do the dishes 13.on school days/ nights 14. break/ follow(obey)the rules 15. Be strict with sb/>be strict in sth對(duì)……嚴(yán)格。 16. too many“太多”修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) too much“太多”修飾不可數(shù)名詞 much too“實(shí)在太”修飾形容詞或副詞 17. make one’s/ the bed 18. get to, arrive in/at, reach,到達(dá)(如果后面接地點(diǎn)的副詞home,here或there ,就不用介詞in ,at, to) 19. remember/ forget+to do要做 +doing做過(guò) 20. have fun enjoy>have a good/ great/ wonderful time+V-ing Unit 5 Why do you like pandas? 1. 回答why的提問(wèn)要用because 2. Kind of 相當(dāng)于副詞,修飾形容詞或副詞,意為“稍微,有點(diǎn)”,與a little/ bit 相近 A kind of 意為“一種”,some kinds of 意為“幾種”,all kinds of 意為“各種各樣的”。這里的kind 是“種,類(lèi),屬”的意思。 3. Why not =Why don’t you+V原 你為什么不…? 4. walk on one’s legs/ hands on 意為“用…方式行走” 5. all day =the whole day整天 6. 來(lái)自be/ come from where do they come from?=where are they from? 7. more than=over超過(guò) less than 少于 8.once twice three times 9. be in great danger 10.one of… …之一 +名詞復(fù)數(shù) 11. get lost 12. with/ without 有/ 沒(méi)有 介詞 13. a symbol of 14. 由…制造 be made of能看出原材料 be made from 看不出原材料 be made in+地點(diǎn) 表產(chǎn)地 15. cut down 砍到 動(dòng)副結(jié)構(gòu)(代詞必須放中間,名詞可放中間或者后面) Unit 6 I’m watching TV 1. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 其結(jié)構(gòu)為be的現(xiàn)在式(am, is, are)+ 現(xiàn)在分詞(V-ing)。 否定形式在be后面加not,疑問(wèn)式將be動(dòng)詞提前 2. 動(dòng)詞-ing形式的構(gòu)成: 一般情況+ing;以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的,去e加ing;重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾,末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母,雙寫(xiě)輔音字母再加ing 3. go to the movies 4. join sb for sth與某人一起做某事 join us for dinner 5. live with sb live in+地點(diǎn) 6. other,another與the other Other “其他的,另外的”,后接名詞復(fù)數(shù),有時(shí)other+n復(fù)數(shù)=others Another “又一(個(gè)),另一(個(gè))”,泛指總數(shù)為三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上中的任意一個(gè),后接名詞單數(shù)。 The other“(兩者中的)另一個(gè)”,常與one連用,“one…the other…”表示“一個(gè)…,另一個(gè)…” 7. talk on the phone 8. wish to do sth 9. Here is+ n單 Here are+ n 復(fù) Unit 7 It’s raining! 1. 詢(xún)問(wèn)天氣的表達(dá)方式: How’s the weather? It’s a raining/sunny day. It’s raining. What’s the weather like? It’s windy. 2. play computer games 3. How’s it/ everything going?=How have you been? 4. In/ at the park 5. Take a message for sb 替人留言 Leave a message to sb 給人留言 6. call sb back 7. right now,right away,at>8. right now現(xiàn)在 just now剛剛(用于一般過(guò)去式) 9. over and over again 10. the answer to the question,a key to the door,a ticket to the ball game 11. by the pool 12. summer vacation 13. go on a vacation去度假 be on a vacation在度假 14. write (a letter)to sb 15. 反意疑問(wèn)句(陳述句+附加疑問(wèn)句) 反意疑問(wèn)句中,陳述句用的肯定,后面的附加疑問(wèn)句就要用否定;相反,陳述句用的否定,附加疑問(wèn)句就要用肯定。 16. adj 以-ing結(jié)尾“令人…的”exciting,interesting,relaxing 以-ed結(jié)尾“人感到…的”excited,interested,relaxed 17. in the first picture 18. dry干燥的 humid潮濕的 Unit 8 Is there a post office near here? 1. There is +單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞+ 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ). There are +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ). 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與跟它最近的那個(gè)名詞一致(就近原則)。 There be句型的否定式在be后加上not或no即可。注意not和no的不同:not是副詞,no為形容詞,not a/an/any + n. 相當(dāng)于no+ n. There be句型的一般疑問(wèn)句變化是把be動(dòng)詞調(diào)整到句首 There be表示“某處存在某物或某人”;have表示“某人擁有某物/某人” 2. 問(wèn)路: ①I(mǎi)s/ Are there ……near here/ around here/ in the neighborhood? ②Where is/ are……? ③How can I get to……? ④Could/Can you tell me the way to…… ⑤Which is the way to…… 3. Across,cross,through,over Across是介詞,“橫過(guò),在對(duì)面”表示從物體表面穿過(guò) Cross是動(dòng)詞,相當(dāng)于go/ walk across Through是介詞,表示從物體中間或里面穿過(guò) go through the door Over是介詞,“橫過(guò),越過(guò)”表示從物體上空越過(guò),跨過(guò) fly over 4. ask for help/ advice 5. in/ on the street 6. 在某條大街上習(xí)慣用介詞on on Bridge Street 7. across from,next to,between…and…,behind 8. in front of在…(外部的)前面→behind在…后面 in the front of在…(內(nèi)部的)前面 9. be in town→be out of town 10. be far from 11. go/ walk along go straight go up/ down 12. turn left/right 13. on one’s/ the left 14. at the first crossing/ turning 15. sometimes 有時(shí)(頻度副詞) sometime(將來(lái))有朝一日,(曾經(jīng))某天 Some times 幾次,幾倍 some time 一段時(shí)間(前面用介詞for) 16. free 空閑的 free time 自由的 as free as a fish 免費(fèi)的 The best things in life are free. 17. enjoy doing 18. Time goes quickly. 19. 表“一些”在肯定句中用some. 在疑問(wèn)句和否定句中用any。 特殊用法:some可用于表示盼望得到對(duì)方肯定的答復(fù)或表示建議、委婉請(qǐng)求的疑問(wèn)句中。 any也可用于肯定句中,表示'任何的'。 Unit 9 What does he look like ? 1. what does he look like?詢(xún)問(wèn)人長(zhǎng)什么樣 回答: ①主語(yǔ)+be+形容詞/ 介詞短語(yǔ)(he is tall/ of medium height); ②主語(yǔ)+have/has+形容詞+名詞(she has long hair) what does sb like?詢(xún)問(wèn)某人喜歡什么 2. 多個(gè)形容詞修飾名詞 多個(gè)形容詞修飾名詞,一般關(guān)系近的靠近名詞;音節(jié)少的在前,音節(jié)多的在后。 限定詞+數(shù)詞(序前基后)+描繪性形容詞+大小、長(zhǎng)短、高低+新舊+顏色+國(guó)籍+材料+名詞 3. May be 為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形,在句子中做謂語(yǔ),maybe是副詞,表示可能,大概,一般放在句首。 4. a little,little修飾不可數(shù)名詞,a little表示一點(diǎn)點(diǎn),little表示幾乎沒(méi)有 a few,few修飾可數(shù)名詞,a few表示一點(diǎn)點(diǎn),few表示幾乎沒(méi)有 5. Find 強(qiáng)調(diào)找到的結(jié)果,look for 強(qiáng)調(diào)尋找的過(guò)程 6. 問(wèn)職業(yè):what do you do?=what is your job? 7. the same as→be different 8. long straight brown hair 9. 最后: in the end(表事情結(jié)局) finally(強(qiáng)調(diào)次序) at last(強(qiáng)調(diào)經(jīng)多番努力終于達(dá)成) By the end of 直到……為止 At the end of在……末端/盡頭 Unit 10 I’d like some noodles 1. 名詞可分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞(不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù))。 可數(shù)名詞又分單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)。 ①一般+s; ②以-s,-x,-ch,sh結(jié)尾的名詞+es; ③輔音+y,把y變i,再+es; ④以-o結(jié)尾的,有生命的+es(negro—negroes;hero—heroes;tomato—tomatoes;potato—potatoes);無(wú)生命的+s; ⑤以f,fe 結(jié)尾的名詞,改f,fe為v+es(leaf—leaves;knife—knives)(例外:roofs,chiefs) ⑥單復(fù)數(shù)同形:sheep,deer.不規(guī)則變化:man—men;woman—women;child—children;foot—feet;tooth—teeth等 2. would like sth. 想要某物 Would you like some …? 你想要一些……嗎?——Yes, please./ ——No, thanks. would like to do sth. “想要做某事”。 Would you like to … ? 你愿意去做……嗎? —Yes, I’d like / love to./—I’d like/ love to. But I’m too busy. would like sb to do sth “想要某人做某事”。 3. order: order food take/ have>In order to為了 In the order按順序 Order/ book a room 預(yù)定房間 Order sb(not)to do sth命令 4. special和especial Special特別的人或事物,特別的,特殊的,specials特色菜;specially專(zhuān)門(mén)地,特地 Especial特別的,突出的,especially特別,尤其 5. the number of表示“……的數(shù)量”,后面接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。做主語(yǔ)時(shí),主語(yǔ)是number而不是of后面的名詞復(fù)數(shù),因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù); a number of表示“許多”,相當(dāng)于many, 后面接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),做主語(yǔ)時(shí),主語(yǔ)不是number而是of后面的名詞復(fù)數(shù),因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)。 Number前可用large,great,small修飾,不能用little。 6. 仍然,還:still(肯定句) Yet(疑問(wèn)句、否定句) 7.one bowl of two bowls of 8. what size(+n)would you like? Large/ medium/ small 9. what kind of 10. 大: big 體格大、笨重→small,little 形容具體的人或物 Huge物體體積巨大=very big Large物體面積、空間、范圍、數(shù)量大→small 不修飾人 Great重大事件或行為,偉大,具有感情色彩 11. 肯定句中表并列用and 否定句、疑問(wèn)句中表并列用or 12. around the world= all over the world 13. make a wish 14. blow out 15. in/ at>16. get popular 17. cut up(動(dòng)副結(jié)構(gòu)) 18. bring good luck to 19. different kinds of 20. be short of 缺乏 Unit 11 How was your school trip ? 1. 一般過(guò)去時(shí) 基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式+其他; 否定形式:①was / were + not; ②在行為動(dòng)詞前加didn't,同時(shí)還原動(dòng)詞; 一般疑問(wèn)句:①Was/Were+主語(yǔ)+其他?②Did+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他? 2. 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式規(guī)則變化:直接加ed;以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的單詞,直接加d;以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的,變y為i加ed;以元音字母+y結(jié)尾的,直接加ed;以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的,雙寫(xiě)最后的輔音字母+ed 不規(guī)則變化的動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式(見(jiàn)書(shū)本最后一頁(yè)) 3. How was your school trip?= what was your school trip like? 4. Go for a walk 5. Milk a cow 6. Ride a horse 7. Quite a lot 8. Show sb around 9. 并列謂語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)和數(shù)必須一致。 10. In the countryside 11. after that 12. come out 13. go on school trip 14. along the way 15. buy/ get sb sth= buy/ get sth for sb 16. all in all 17. 否定轉(zhuǎn)移(主語(yǔ)為第一人稱(chēng)I 或者we時(shí))think,believe,suppose 18. be interested in +n/ v-ing 19. not at all 20. diary entry 21. Something意為“某事,有些事”; anything意為“任何事,任何東西”; everything意為“每一件事”(其后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)) nothing意為“沒(méi)事,什么事都沒(méi)有”。 Unit 12 What did you do last weekend ? 1. go+V-ing與do some +V-ing go+V-ing表示“去從事某種活動(dòng)”(一般指戶(hù)外) go shopping/ swimming/ skating/ dancing/ skiing/ climbing/ camping/ hiking…… do some +V-ing 表示“從事某種活動(dòng)”(一般指室內(nèi))do some writing/ washing/ cooking/ cleaning/ reading…… 2. go to the cinema 3. camp by the lake 4. study for a test study for the English test 5. work as a guide 6. living habits 7. stay up late 8. shout at sb 因生氣或憤怒向某人吼叫 shout to sb 對(duì)某人大聲叫喊,目的是讓人聽(tīng)見(jiàn) 9. run away 10. fly a kite 11. adj修飾不定代詞 adj要放后面 something important,anything interesting 12. take sb to… 帶某人去…… 13. put up tents 14. make a fire 15.on the first night 16. each other 17. get a terrible surprise 18. finish doing 19. look out of…從……朝外看(window,door……) look out at sth 向外眺望…… look out for 留神、注意、小心、關(guān)心 20. feel/ watch/ see/ hear sb do sth強(qiáng)調(diào)整個(gè)過(guò)程 feel/ watch/ see/ hear sb doing sth強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行 21. jump up and down 22. wake up 23. so +adj +that +結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句“如此……以致……” eg:I was so busy that I didn’t go to sleep for 3 days. The weather was so cold that they had to stay at home. The coat is so expensive that I don’t want to buy it. so that 引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句,以便,為了(in order to) eg:they got up early so that they could catch the early bus. I raise my voice so that I can make myself heard. |
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來(lái)自: 長(zhǎng)沙7喜 > 《外語(yǔ)》