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新目標(biāo)英語(yǔ)七年級(jí)下冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)

 situyate 2019-06-06

Unit 1 Can you play the guitar

1.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(can,can't, must,mustn't) 助動(dòng)詞(do,does,don't,doesn't),let后面接的動(dòng)詞用原型

2. play+ the/a/an/one's+ 樂(lè)器  play the guitar 彈吉他   play his guitar彈他的吉他

  pay +球類(lèi)/棋類(lèi)/游戲類(lèi)    play chess 下國(guó)際象棋  play computer games玩電腦游戲

  play with sb./sth.和某人玩/  玩某物

  改錯(cuò)題:  Can you play the chess?      把the 去掉

           Tom always plays the computer games on weekends.  把the 去掉

           Lucy can play violin very well.   在play 與 violin之間加the

3.join 參加社團(tuán)、組織、團(tuán)體 join the +社團(tuán)、組織、團(tuán)體   be in 成為…成員

4.4個(gè)說(shuō)的區(qū)別:say+內(nèi)容     say it in English用英語(yǔ)說(shuō)它

        speak+語(yǔ)言   speak English說(shuō)英語(yǔ)   speak a little English說(shuō)一點(diǎn)英語(yǔ)

        talk 談?wù)?talk about sth 談?wù)撃呈?nbsp; talk with sb 與某人交談  talk to sb跟某人說(shuō)

        tell 告訴,講述 tell sb(not)to do sth告訴某人(不要)做某事 tell stories講故事   

5.  want(sb)to do sth想(讓某人)做某事

help sb. (to) do sth. 幫助某人做某事    help sb. with (doing)sth.在某方面幫助某人

like to do sth. 或者 like doing sth. 喜歡做某事  

   need to do sth.需要做某事         help oneself to 隨便享用

with sb’s help= with the help of sb在某人的幫助下

6.4個(gè)也的區(qū)別:too 肯定句末 (前面加逗號(hào))

                 either否定句末(前面加逗號(hào))

                 also 1.放在行為動(dòng)詞之前;  2. be /助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后

                 as well 口語(yǔ)中(前面不加逗號(hào))

7. be good at+ V-ing=do well in+ V-ing 擅長(zhǎng)于

   be good for 對(duì)…有益  (be bad for對(duì)…有害)

   be good to 對(duì)…友好  (good 可用friendly,nice,kind替換)

   be good with和…相處好

8.特殊疑問(wèn)句的構(gòu)成:疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句

9.How/ what about+V-ing   …怎么樣?(表建議)

10.感官動(dòng)詞(look, sound, taste, smell, feel)+adj/ like  

    改錯(cuò)題:It tastes well.   把well 改為good.

11.選擇疑問(wèn)句:回答不能直接用Yes或者No,要從中選擇一個(gè)回答

     Can you play the guitar or the violin?

     I can play the guitar.不能用yes或者no來(lái)回答

12.students wanted for school show(wanted表示招募,含有被動(dòng)意義)

13.把某物展示給某人看show sth to sb=show sb sth  給某人展示某物

       把某物給予某人 give sth to sb=give sb sth給予某人某物

       買(mǎi)某物給某人 buy sth for sb.=buy sb sth給某人買(mǎi)某物

14.be busy doing sth/ be busy with sth忙著做某事

15.be free= have time有時(shí)間,有空

16.have friends= make friends交朋友

17.call sb at +電話號(hào)碼 撥打…號(hào)碼找某人

18.on the weekend= on weekends在周末

19.English-speaking students 說(shuō)英語(yǔ)的學(xué)生(帶有連詞符,有形容詞性質(zhì))

20.do kung fu表演功夫

Unit 2 What time do you go to school?

1.問(wèn)時(shí)間用what time幾點(diǎn)?詢問(wèn)時(shí)刻,鐘點(diǎn)   when什么時(shí)候,幾點(diǎn)..

   what time is it?=What is the time?幾點(diǎn)了?

at+鐘點(diǎn)    at 7 o’clock      at noon/ at night(during/ in the day)

on+ 具體某天、星期、特指的一天  on April 1st on Sunday   on school mornings/nights

in +年、月、上午、下午、晚上

2.時(shí)間讀法:順讀法 at eight five 在8:05分   eight thirty 8:30  eight fifteen 8:15

             逆讀法:分鐘≤30用past    five past eight(8:05) half past eight(8:30)

                     分鐘>30用to      a quarter to ten(9:45)

             整點(diǎn)用 …o’clock     7 o’clock(7:00)

3.3個(gè)穿的區(qū)別:wear 表狀態(tài),接服裝、手套、眼鏡、香水等

                put on 表動(dòng)作,接服裝

                dress 表動(dòng)作,接sb/ oneself 給某人穿衣服        get dressed穿衣

4.from…to…從.…到…    between…and…在…和…之間     either…or… 要么…要么

5.(be/ arrive)  late for (school/class/work)

6.頻度副詞(1.放在行為動(dòng)詞前2.放在be /助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后)

always總是  usually通常   often經(jīng)常   sometimes有時(shí)   never決不

7.一段時(shí)間前面要用介詞for    for half an hour持續(xù)半個(gè)小時(shí) 

   wait for hours for the bus等公車(chē)等了數(shù)小時(shí)

8.eat/ have+食物+ for+ breakfast/ lunch/ dinner/ supper

  eat/have+ breakfast/ lunch/ dinner/ supper

eat/have+ a/an+形容詞 +breakfast/ lunch/ dinner/ supper   

吃一個(gè)有營(yíng)養(yǎng)的早餐  have a good/great breakfast

8.either…or  連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí),遵循就近原則   

(1) Either Tony or his sisters wash the dishes.

此句與wash接近的主語(yǔ)是sisters,復(fù)數(shù)形式,用原型 

   (2) Either Tony's sisters or Tony washes the dishes.

此句與wash接近的主語(yǔ)是Tony,單數(shù)形式,所以動(dòng)詞用三單形式,以sh結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,加es.

9.a lot of=lots of "許多,大量" 后面接可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù),或者不可數(shù)名詞

   some 一些,后面接可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù),或者不可數(shù)名詞

   many許多、大量,修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)  too many太多,修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)

   much許多、大量,修飾不可數(shù)名詞    too much太多,修飾不可數(shù)名詞

   much too“實(shí)在太”修飾形容詞或副詞

10.It is +adj+for sb +to do sth (adj修飾to do sth)做某事對(duì)于某人來(lái)說(shuō)……

It is important for me to learn English. 學(xué)英語(yǔ)對(duì)于我來(lái)說(shuō)很重要。                      

11. It takes sb. +時(shí)間+ to do sth.  做某事花費(fèi)某人…時(shí)間

It takes me five minutes to walk to school.走路去學(xué)校大約花費(fèi)我5分鐘時(shí)間。

Unit 3 How do you get to school?

1.疑問(wèn)詞

①how 如何(方式),詢問(wèn)交通方式   How do you go home?  I walk/ride my bike.

②how long 多長(zhǎng)(時(shí)間)答語(yǔ)常用“(For/ about +)時(shí)間段”    

③how far多遠(yuǎn)(距離)答語(yǔ)常用“(It’s +)數(shù)詞 +miles/ meters/ kilometers/ride/walk..

例子:1.__ does it take you to get from your home to school?  從你家到學(xué)校大約花費(fèi)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間?  

---It's about twenty minutes.大約20分鐘

     A. How long  B. How far    C. How    D. What time  此處選A.

2. ___ is it from your home to school?  It's about twenty minutes' bus ride.大約20分鐘的公車(chē)旅程.

A. How long  B. How far    C. How    D. What time    此處選B.

④how often多久一次(頻率)答語(yǔ)常用“Always/ often/ every day/…”或 “次數(shù)+時(shí)間”等表頻率的狀語(yǔ)

⑤how many多少個(gè)(詢問(wèn)可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量多少)  

⑥how much多少(詢問(wèn)不可數(shù)名詞數(shù)量的多少,比如牛奶、面包等);還可詢問(wèn)價(jià)格,多少錢(qián)      

⑦h(yuǎn)ow old 多少歲  (詢問(wèn)年齡)

why為什么(原因,由because引出答語(yǔ))  what什么    who誰(shuí)

2.賓語(yǔ)從句要用陳述句語(yǔ)序

  Mary wants to know where Bob lives.瑪麗想知道鮑勃住哪里。

Mary wants to know how far it is from your home to school.瑪麗想知道你家到學(xué)校有多遠(yuǎn)。

3.stop sb from doing sth阻止做某事

stop to do 停下來(lái)去做其他事    stop doing 停止正在做的事

4.what do you think of/ about…?= how do you like…?你認(rèn)為…怎么樣?

5.He is 11 years old.他11歲。

   He is an 11-year-old boy.他是一個(gè)11歲的男孩。

6.many students= many of the students許多學(xué)生

7.be afraid of(doing)sth  害怕某事   be afraid to do sth  害怕做某事 

8.come true實(shí)現(xiàn)

9.he is like a father to me (like"像",屬于介詞)他像一位父親一樣待我。

10. leave +地點(diǎn)  離開(kāi)某地    leave for+地點(diǎn) "出發(fā)前往某地"

 leave sth.+地點(diǎn)  把某物遺忘在某地....

11.cross 是動(dòng)詞    across是介詞  cross the river=go across the river過(guò)河

12.thanks for +n/ V-ing

Thanks for your help/ thanks for helping me.謝謝你的幫助/謝謝幫助我。

13.交通方式

(1)用介詞。在句子中做方式狀語(yǔ),放句末,句中還需有其他動(dòng)詞做謂語(yǔ)。

①by +交通工具名詞(中間無(wú)需任何修飾)

   By bus/ bike/ car/ taxi/ ship/ boat/ plane/ subway/ train……

②in/ on +冠詞/物主代詞/指示代詞 +交通工具名詞

   in +a/ his/ the+ car  比較封閉的交通工具,用in

  On+ a/ his/ the+ bus/ bike/ship/ train/ horse/ motorbike敞開(kāi)式的交通工具用on

③on foot 步行

(2)用動(dòng)詞。在句子中做謂語(yǔ),一般放主語(yǔ)后,句中不需再加動(dòng)詞做謂語(yǔ)。

take + a/ the +交通工具名詞   take a bus/ plane/ ship/ train

 ride+ a/the/one's +bike

②walk/ drive/ ride/ fly to……(后面接here,there,home等地點(diǎn)副詞時(shí),省略介詞to。)如步行回家:walk home      drive there 開(kāi)車(chē)去那里

I take the bus to school.= I go to school by bus.我坐公車(chē)去學(xué)校。

She rides her bike to the library.=She goes/gets to the library by bike.她騎自行車(chē)去圖書(shū)館

   Tom walks home.=Tom goes/gets home on foot.他步行回家。

改錯(cuò)題:1)He takes the subway get to school.  此處應(yīng)把get去掉。句子中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞take.

     2)Tony goes to school take train.

     此處應(yīng)把take改為by.句中已有動(dòng)詞goes,不能再用動(dòng)詞take,只能用介詞by

14.名詞所有格

①一般情況加’s    Tom’s pen           以s結(jié)尾加’    the teachers’ desk   

③表示幾個(gè)人共同擁有,在最后一個(gè)名詞后加’s  Mike and John’s desk

④表示每個(gè)人各自擁有,在每個(gè)名詞后加’s        Mike’s and John’s desks

Unit 4 Don’t eat in class.

1.祈使句(變否定在句首+don’t)

 ①Be型(be +表語(yǔ)),否定形式:don’t + be +表語(yǔ)        Be quiet,please.   Don’t be late!

 ②Do型(實(shí)義動(dòng)詞+其他),否定形式:Don’t / Do not +實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的原型+其他

Come here,please.   Don’t play football here.

 ③Let型(let sb do sth),否定形式:don’t + let sb do sth或者let sb not do sth

 ④No+n/ V-ing   No photos /mobile;No talking/ fighting

2. in class在課堂上    in the classroom 在教室     run in the hallway 在走廊里奔跑

3.be on time準(zhǔn)時(shí)   be quiet 保持安靜    keep quiet 保持安靜   Don't be noisy.別吵

4.listen to music 聽(tīng)音樂(lè)   clean the/one's room 打掃房間

5.(have a)fight with sb和某人打架   read a book/ read books 看書(shū)  watch TV 看電視

6.eat outside出去吃飯    do (one's) homework 做作業(yè)

7.Must 與have to

(1)must 表示說(shuō)話人主觀上的看法,意為“必須”。

     have to 表示客觀的需要或責(zé)任,意為“不得不,必須”,后接動(dòng)詞原形。

(2)must沒(méi)有人稱,時(shí)態(tài)和數(shù)的變化。

     have to 有人稱,數(shù),時(shí)態(tài)的變化,其第三人稱單數(shù)形式為 has to ,構(gòu)成否定句或疑  問(wèn)句時(shí)借助動(dòng)詞do/ does。

(3)have to的否定式是needn’t=don’t / doesn’t have to (不必要);

must的否定式是must not/ mustn’t(一定不能,不允許)。

8.bring…to…帶來(lái)....           take …to…  帶走,拿走,帶去…

9.practice (doing)sth練習(xí)(做)某事

10. wash/ do the dishes洗餐具

11.break/ follow(obey)the rules 違反/遵守(服從)規(guī)則

12.be strict with sb/ oneself  對(duì)某人嚴(yán)格     be strict in sth對(duì)某事嚴(yán)格。

13.make one’s/ the bed整理床鋪

14.get to+地點(diǎn),   reach+地點(diǎn)    到達(dá)

  arrive in+大地點(diǎn)(Beijing/the city)   arrive at+小地點(diǎn)(bus stop),  

(如果后面接地點(diǎn)的副詞home,here或there ,就不用介詞in ,at, to)

15.  remember to do記得去做某事          remember doing sth記得做過(guò)某事

     forget to do sth. 忘記去做某事         forget doing sth. 忘記做過(guò)某事

16. have fun doing sth做某事很開(kāi)心           enjoy oneself doing sth.做某事很開(kāi)心

have a good/ great/ nice time+doing sth.做某事很開(kāi)心 have time to do sth.有時(shí)間做某事

Unit 5 Why do you like pandas?

1.回答why的提問(wèn)要用because

2.  kind①種類(lèi)②善良的,友好的=friendly③有點(diǎn)..

    kind of 相當(dāng)于副詞,修飾形容詞或副詞,意為“稍微,有點(diǎn)”,與a little相近

a kind of 意為“一種”,some kinds of 意為“幾種”,all kinds of 意為“各種各樣的”。這里的kind 是“種,類(lèi),屬”的意思,修飾名詞

   Pandas are kind of interesting.   熊貓有點(diǎn)有趣。

3.Why not =Why don’t you+V原   你為什么不…?

4.walk on one’s legs/ hands    on 意為“用…方式行走”     go on a ropeway

5.all day 整天   sleep all day整天睡覺(jué)

6.來(lái)自be/ come from    where do they come from?=where are they from?

7.be in great danger     處于極大危險(xiǎn)之中   be out of danger脫離危險(xiǎn)

8.one of  +名詞復(fù)數(shù)......   .…之一    The elephant is one of Thailand's symbols.

9.get lost迷路   be lost 迷路

10.with/ without  "有/ 沒(méi)有"   屬于介詞

11.a symbol of……的一種象征    This is a symbol of good luck.這是好運(yùn)的一種象征

12.由…制造 be made of能看出原材料    be made from 看不出原材料

            be made in+地點(diǎn)   表產(chǎn)地

13.cut down 砍到   動(dòng)副結(jié)構(gòu)(代詞必須放中間,名詞可放中間或者后面)

      cut it down   (不能說(shuō)cut down it )     cut them down(不能說(shuō)cut down them)

      cut down the trees=cut the trees down砍樹(shù)

14.learn to do sth. 學(xué)習(xí)做某事

15.(1)動(dòng)詞三單形式,以s,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,加es.

 watch-watches   wash-washes      do-does    have-has

 teach-teaches     brush-brushes     go-goes   relax-relaxes

 cross-crosses     finish-finishes

(2)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式,以s,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾的名詞,加es。

bus-buses     watch-watches    dish-dishes   box-boxes

class-classes 

(3)以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的,把y變i,再+es  story-stories   strawberry-strawberries

(4)people"人;人們",為集體名詞,不需要再加s。life-lives 

不可數(shù)名詞: work工作,homework作業(yè), housework家務(wù) practice實(shí)踐

exercise①"鍛煉"不可數(shù)名詞,②"練習(xí)",可數(shù)名詞 

16.an elephant  an animal  an exercise an+interesting/important/easy/English+名詞

a uniform    a 10-year-old boy   an 11-year-old boy    an 8-year-old girl  

Unit 6 I’m watching TV.

1,現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

其結(jié)構(gòu)為be的現(xiàn)在式(am, is, are+ 現(xiàn)在分詞(V-ing。

否定形式在be后面加not,疑問(wèn)式將be動(dòng)詞提前

2,動(dòng)詞-ing形式的構(gòu)成:

一般情況+ing;以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的,去e加ing;重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾,末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母,雙寫(xiě)輔音字母再加ing

3,go to the movies去看電影

4,join sb for sth與某人一起做某事    join us for dinner

5,live with sb  和某人居住在一起      live in+地點(diǎn)"居住在某地"

6,other,another與the other

Other “其他的,另外的”,后接名詞復(fù)數(shù),有時(shí)other+n復(fù)數(shù)=others

Another “又一(個(gè)),另一(個(gè))”,泛指總數(shù)為三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上中的任意一個(gè),后接名詞單數(shù)。

The other“(兩者中的)另一個(gè)”,常與one連用,“one…the other…”表示“一個(gè)…,另一個(gè)…”

7,talk on the phone在電話上交談

8,wish to do sth希望做某事

9,Here is+ n單      Here are+ n 復(fù)

Unit 7 It’s raining!

1.      詢問(wèn)天氣的表達(dá)方式:

How’s the weather?                 It’s a raining/sunny day.     It’s raining.

What’s the weather like?        It’s windy.

1,play computer games玩電腦游戲

2,How’s it/ everything going?=How have you been?

3,In/ at the park在公園

4,Take a message for sb 替人留言

Leave a message to sb 給人留言

5,call sb back給某人回電話

6,right now,right away,at once,in a minute,in a moment,in no time 立刻,馬上

7,right now現(xiàn)在         just now剛剛(用于一般過(guò)去式)

8,over and over again反反復(fù)復(fù)

10,the answer to the question問(wèn)題的答案,a key to the door門(mén)的鑰匙

11,by the pool在游泳池旁

12,summer vacation暑假      winter vacation 寒假

13,go on a vacation去度假    be on a vacation在度假

14,write (a letter)to sb給某人寫(xiě)信

15,反意疑問(wèn)句(陳述句+附加疑問(wèn)句)

反意疑問(wèn)句中,陳述句用的肯定,后面的附加疑問(wèn)句就要用否定;相反,陳述句用的否定,附加疑問(wèn)句就要用肯定。

16,adj  以-ing結(jié)尾“令人…的”,主語(yǔ)是事物,或者修飾事物exciting,interesting,relaxing 

        以-ed結(jié)尾“人感到…的”主語(yǔ)是人,excited,interested,relaxed

17,in the first picture在第一張照片里

18,dry干燥的     humid潮濕的

Unit 8 Is there a post office near here

1,There is +單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞+ 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ).
     There are +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ).
      謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與跟它最近的那個(gè)名詞一致(就近原則)。
   There be句型的否定式be后加上notno即可

注意not和no的不同:not是副詞,no為形容詞,not a/an/any + n. 相當(dāng)于no+ n.

There be句型的一般疑問(wèn)句變化是把be動(dòng)詞調(diào)整到句首

There be表示某處存在某物或某人;have表示某人擁有某物/某人

2,問(wèn)路:Is/ Are there ……near here/ around here/ in the neighborhood?附近有……嗎?

Where is/ are……?……在哪里?

How can I get to……?我怎樣到達(dá)……?

Could/Can you tell me the way to……你能告訴我去……的路嗎?

Which is the way to……那條是去……的路?

3,Across,cross,through,over

Across是介詞,“橫過(guò),在對(duì)面”表示從物體表面穿過(guò)

Cross是動(dòng)詞,相當(dāng)于go/ walk across

Through是介詞,表示從物體中間或里面穿過(guò) go through the door

Over是介詞,“橫過(guò),越過(guò)”表示從物體上空越過(guò),跨過(guò) fly over

4,ask for help尋求幫助

5,in/ on the street在街上

6,在某條大街上習(xí)慣用介詞on   on Bridge Street

7,across from在……對(duì)面,next to挨近,  between…and…在……和……之間  behind在……后面

8,in front of在…(外部的)前面→behind在…后面    in the front of在…(內(nèi)部的)前面

9,be in town→be out of town

10,be far from離……遠(yuǎn)    My home is far from school. 我家離學(xué)校遠(yuǎn)

11,go/ walk along  沿著……走  go straight  直走 ……   go up/ down順著……走……

12,turn left向左轉(zhuǎn)        turn right 向右轉(zhuǎn)

13,on one’s left在某人的左邊          on the left在左邊

14,at the first crossing在第一個(gè)十字路口        at the first turning 在第一個(gè)拐彎處

15,sometimes 有時(shí)(頻度副詞)   sometime(將來(lái))有朝一日,(曾經(jīng))某天

Some times 幾次,幾倍     some time 一段時(shí)間(前面用介詞for)

16,free 空閑的  free time空閑時(shí)間

        自由的  as free as a fish像一條魚(yú)一樣自由

        免費(fèi)的  The best things in life are free.生活中最美好的東西是免費(fèi)的

17,enjoy doing sth 喜歡做某事

18,Time goes quickly.時(shí)間過(guò)得飛快。

19,表“一些”在肯定句中用some. 在疑問(wèn)句和否定句中用any。

特殊用法:some可用于表示盼望得到對(duì)方肯定的答復(fù)或表示建議、委婉請(qǐng)求的疑問(wèn)句中。

any也可用于肯定句中,表示"任何的"。

Unit 9 What does he look like?

1,what does he look like?詢問(wèn)人長(zhǎng)什么樣,

回答:①主語(yǔ)+be+形容詞/ 介詞短語(yǔ)(he is tall/ of medium height);

    ②主語(yǔ)+have/has+形容詞+名詞(she has long hair)

what does sb like?詢問(wèn)某人喜歡什么

2,多個(gè)形容詞修飾名詞 (一般關(guān)系近的靠近名詞;音節(jié)少的在前,音節(jié)多的在后。)

 限定詞+數(shù)詞(序前基后)+描繪性形容詞+大小、長(zhǎng)短、高低+新舊+顏色+國(guó)籍+材料+名詞

3,may be 為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形,在句子中做謂語(yǔ),

   maybe是副詞,表示可能,大概,一般放在句首。

4,a little,little修飾不可數(shù)名詞,a little表示一點(diǎn)點(diǎn),little表示幾乎沒(méi)有

   a few,few修飾可數(shù)名詞,a few表示一點(diǎn)點(diǎn),few表示幾乎沒(méi)有

5, Find 強(qiáng)調(diào)找到的結(jié)果,look for 強(qiáng)調(diào)尋找的過(guò)程.

6,問(wèn)職業(yè):what do you do?=what is your job?

7,the same as→be different from

8,long straight brown hair

9,最后in the end(表事情結(jié)局)finally(強(qiáng)調(diào)次序)at last(強(qiáng)調(diào)經(jīng)多番努力終于達(dá)成)

   By the end of 直到……為止

  At the end of在……末端/盡頭

Unit 10 I’d like some noodles.

1,名詞可分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞(不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù))。

可數(shù)名詞又分單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)。1一般+s;2以-s,-x,-ch,sh結(jié)尾的名詞+es;3輔音+y,把y變i,再+es;4以-o結(jié)尾的,有生命的+es(negro—negroes;hero—heroes;tomato—tomatoes;potato—potatoes);無(wú)生命的+s;⑤以f,fe 結(jié)尾的名詞,改f,fe為v+es(leaf—leaves;knife—knives)(例外:roofs,chiefs)⑥單復(fù)數(shù)同形:sheep,deer.不規(guī)則變化:man—men;woman—women;child—children;foot—feet;tooth—teeth等

2,would like sth. 想要某物

Would you like some …? 你想要一些……嗎? ——Yes, please./ ——No, thanks.

would like to do sth. “想要做某事”。

Would you like to … ? 你愿意去做……嗎?

—Yes, I’d like / love to./—I’d like/ love to. But I’m too busy.

would like sb to do sth “想要某人做某事”。

3,order:order food    take/ have one’s order

         In order to為了

         In the order按順序

         Order/ book a room 預(yù)定房間

         Order sb(not)to do sth命令

4,special和especial

Special特別的人或事物,特別的,特殊的,specials特色菜;specially專門(mén)地,特地

Especial特別的,突出的,especially特別,尤其

5, the number of表示“……的數(shù)量”,后面接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。做主語(yǔ)時(shí),主語(yǔ)是number而不是of后面的名詞復(fù)數(shù),因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù);

a number of表示“許多”,相當(dāng)于many, 后面接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),做主語(yǔ)時(shí),主語(yǔ)不是number而是of后面的名詞復(fù)數(shù),因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)。

Number前可用large,great,small修飾,不能用little。

6,仍然,還:still(肯定句)

             Yet(疑問(wèn)句、否定句)

7,one bowl of      two bowls of

8,what size(+n)would you like?   Large/ medium/ small

9,what kind of

10,大:big 體格大、笨重→small,little   形容具體的人或物

        Huge物體體積巨大=very big

        Large物體面積、空間、范圍、數(shù)量大→small    不修飾人

        Great重大事件或行為,偉大,具有感情色彩

11,肯定句中表并列用and         否定句、疑問(wèn)句中表并列用or

12,around the world= all over the world

13,make a wish

14,blow out

15,in/ at one go

16,get popular

17,cut up(動(dòng)副結(jié)構(gòu))

18,bring good luck to

19,different kinds of

20,be short of缺乏

Unit 11 How was your school trip?

1,一般過(guò)去時(shí)

基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式+其他;

否定形式:①was / were + not; ②在行為動(dòng)詞前加didn't,同時(shí)還原動(dòng)詞;

一般疑問(wèn)句:①Was/Were+主語(yǔ)+其他?②Did+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他?

2,動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式規(guī)則變化:直接加ed;以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的單詞,直接加d;以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的,變y為i加ed;以元音字母+y結(jié)尾的,直接加ed;以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的,雙寫(xiě)最后的輔音字母+ed

不規(guī)則變化的動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式(見(jiàn)書(shū)本最后一頁(yè))

3,How was your school trip?= what was your school trip like?

4, Go for a walk

5, Milk a cow

6, Ride a horse

7, Quite a lot

8, Show sb around

9, 并列謂語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)和數(shù)必須一致。

10,In the countryside

11,after that

12,come out

13,go on school trip

14,along the way

15,buy/ get sb sth= buy/ get sth for sb

16,all in all

17,否定轉(zhuǎn)移(主語(yǔ)為第一人稱I 或者we時(shí))think,believe,suppose

18,be interested in +n/ v-ing

19,not at all

20,diary entry

21,Something意為“某事,有些事”;

anything意為“任何事,任何東西”;

everything意為“每一件事”(其后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù));

nothing意為“沒(méi)事,什么事都沒(méi)有”。

Unit 12 What did you do last weekend?

1,go+V-ing與do some +V-ing

go+V-ing表示“去從事某種活動(dòng)”(一般指戶外)go shopping/ swimming/ skating/ dancing/ skiing/ climbing/ camping/ hiking……

do some +V-ing 表示“從事某種活動(dòng)”(一般指室內(nèi))do some writing/ washing/ cooking/ cleaning/ reading……

2,go to the cinema

3,camp by the lake

4,study for a test     study for the English test

5,work as a guide

6,living habits

7,stay up late

8,shout at sb 因生氣或憤怒向某人吼叫;

shout to sb 對(duì)某人大聲叫喊,目的是讓人聽(tīng)見(jiàn)

9,run away

10,fly a kite

11,adj修飾不定代詞 adj要放后面   something important,anything interesting

12,take sb to…  帶某人去……

13,put up tents

14,make a fire

15,on the first night

16,each other

17,get a terrible surprise

18,finish doing

19,look out of…從……朝外看(window,door……)

look out at sth 向外眺望……

look out for 留神、注意、小心、關(guān)心

20,feel/ watch/ see/ hear sb do sth強(qiáng)調(diào)整個(gè)過(guò)程

feel/ watch/ see/ hear sb doing sth強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行

21,jump up and down

22,wake up

23,so +adj +that +結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句“如此……以致……”

    eg:I was so busy that I didn’t go to sleep for 3 days.

The weather was so cold that they had to stay at home.

The coat is so expensive that I don’t want to buy it.

so that 引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句,以便,為了(in order to)

eg:they got up early so that they could catch the early bus.

        I raise my voice so that I can make myself heard.

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