吳先早（安徽肥西縣肥西中學）

在主從復合句中修飾主句的動詞、形容詞、副詞等的從句稱作狀語從句， 狀語從句功能與副詞相近，也可稱做副詞性從句。

狀語從句描述主句謂語動詞所發(fā)生的時間，地點，原因，結果，方式，條件，目的，讓步，比較等。盡管狀語從句是一個完整的句子，但它不能單獨存在 ，它必須依附于主句而存在。

①.Rose went there then.   

②.Rose went where her grandparents lived when I visited  her last Sunday.上面句②中的where her grandparents lived 這個地點狀語從句相當于句①中there的功能，是修飾主句的謂語動詞went, 表示went 發(fā)生的地點；而②中when I visited her last Sunday這個時間狀語從句相當于句①中的then功能,也是修飾主句的謂語動詞went,表示went 發(fā)生的時間。

一、時間狀語從句

常用引導詞有：when（在…時）, as（當…時）, while（在…期間）, as soon as（一……就……）, before（在…之前）, after（在...之后）, since（自從...以來） , not...until（直到…才）until/till(直到…時）等

①.when, while和as的區(qū)別

when引導的從句的謂語動詞可以是延續(xù)性的動詞，又可以是瞬間動詞。

例如：

When she came in, I stopped eating.她進來時，我停止吃飯。(從句瞬間動詞)

When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.當我住在農(nóng)村時，我常常為他擔水。（從句延續(xù)性的動詞）

While引導的從句的謂語動詞必須是延續(xù)性的，并強調(diào)主句和從句的動作同時發(fā)生。例如：

While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. (was reading是延續(xù)性的動詞，was reading和was watching同時發(fā)生)

as表示“一邊……一邊”，as引導的動作是延續(xù)性的動作，一般用于主句和從句動作同時發(fā)生；as也可以強調(diào)“一先一后”。例如：

We always sing as we walk.我們總是邊走邊唱。（as表示“一邊……一邊”）

As we were going out, it began to snow.當我們出門時，開始下雪了。

②until和till 在肯定句中表示“直到······為止”，主句要用延續(xù)性動詞。如：

 You will wait for me tomorrow until/till I come home off work.你明天請等到我下班回來。

 如果主句的謂語是否定，那么主句要用非延續(xù)性動詞。

 My mother did not go to bed until/till my father came home last night.

昨天晚上直到爸爸回家媽媽才睡覺。

如果主句是一般將來時，時間狀語從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時；主句是過去將來時，從句要用一般過去時。

③since引導的從句中常用過去時，主句用一般現(xiàn)在時或現(xiàn)在完成時。如：

It is /has been ten years since Wang Ling’s family moved here.

自從王玲家搬到這里已經(jīng)有十年了。

since引導的從句的謂語動詞可以是延續(xù)性的動詞，又可以是瞬間動詞。一般情況下，從句謂語動詞用一般過去時，而主句的謂語動詞用現(xiàn)在完成時或者用一般現(xiàn)在時。但在It is +時間+since從句的句型中，從句多用一般過去式。例如：

Where have you been since I last saw you? 自上次我和你見面以后，你到哪里去了？

It is four years since my sister lived in Beijing. 我妹妹住在北京有四年了。

It is five months since our boss was in Beijing.我們老板在北京有五個月了

二、地點狀語從句：

常用引導詞有：where（哪里） ,wherever（無論哪里）等。

①Where there is a will, there is a way.

在有意志力的地方，就有一條路。=有志者，事竟成。

②Wherever  you  may go ,you mustn’t forget  your  motherland.

無論你在哪里，都不應該忘記自己的祖國。

三、原因狀語從句

常用的引導詞有：because （因為）, as（由于）,since, now that（自然）等。其中because 表示的原因最強，它引導的從句放在主句之后。As和 since表示的原因是已知的，但since引導的句型表示的理由比as引導的句型理由更充分、更明顯，即大家都知道的事實，顯而易見的原因。它們常常放在主句的前面。

①I am very happy because I have got the first  place in English test.

我很高興因為我在英語測驗中獲得了第一名。

②As the car is full you can hardly put this big box in it.

由于小車裝得太滿了，你幾乎不能把這個大箱子放進去。

③Since/Now that everyone is here, let’s begin.既然大家都來了，讓我們開始。

④There is not anything wrong with my bike ,for I had it repaired before.

我的自行車沒有壞，因為前天才讓人修理的。

注意：由for引導的是一個并列句，不是原因狀語從句，但有表原因的意思，

是并列連詞。

四、結果狀語從句

常用的引導詞有：so…that（那…以至于）, such…that（那…以至于）,等。

①John got up so late that he missed breakfast.

約翰起床太遲了，以至于耽誤了早餐。

②She gave us such a useful dictionary that I was very happy.

她給了我一本有用的字典以至于我很高興。

③It is raining so heavily that we can't go out. 雨下得如此大以至于我們不能出去。

so +adj.或adv.+ that， such +n.+ that 以上兩種句型都表示結果,其中so為副詞,后接形容詞，副詞原型，當可數(shù)名詞前有many, few；不可數(shù)名詞前

有much, little修飾時，應采用句型：so many (few, much, little )+n；而such為形容詞, 后只能接名詞。這名詞既可以是可數(shù)的，也可以是不可數(shù)的。如果這名詞是可數(shù)單數(shù),則必須在名詞前加冠詞a(an). 常見的形式是:

such a (beautiful)garden, such(great)progress

①I’ve had so many falls that I’m black and blue all over.

我跌了很多跤，渾身數(shù)摔得清一塊紫一塊。

②There are so few notebooks that I can’t give you any.

筆記本太少了,我一本也給不了你。

③It is such nice weather that I’d like to take a walk.

天氣是如此之好,以至于我想去散散步。

④Mike is so honest a man that we all believe him.

麥克是如此誠實的一個人,以至于大家都相信他。

(=Mike is such an honest man that we all believe him.)

⑤The weather is so nice that I’d like to take a walk.

天氣是如此之好,以至于我想去散散步。

五、目的狀語從句

常用的引導詞有：so……that（為的是）， in order that（為的是）, in case that（以防：為了防止）等

①Take an umbrella in case(that) it rains.帶把傘以防下雨。

②I take an umbrella so that(=in order that) I won't get wet in the rain.為了不被雨淋濕，我打了把傘。

六、比較狀語從句

常用的引導詞有：as…as（同…一樣）, than（比）, not as/so…as, 特殊引導詞：the more … the more …（越來...越...）等。

①My storybooks are more than yours.

我的故事書比你的多。

②She speaks English as well as her teacher.

她的要用和她的老師講得一樣好。

③The house is three times as big as ours.

　　這房子是我們的三倍大。

④The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.

　　你運動的越多，你就越健康。

七、方式狀語從句

常用的引導詞有：as（照…方式）, as if（好像）,as though（好像）等。

①Do it as she does. 照她的樣子做這件事。

②Wang ling talks as if (as though) he knew all about it.

王玲說話的口氣好像她完全都已知道了這件事。

八、讓步狀語從句

常用的引導詞有：though (although)（盡管/雖然…但是）,even if /even though（即使）等, though /although連接狀語從句時，主句中不可出現(xiàn)but,但可以用yet, still等 。

Though/Although it’s hard work, yet I enjoy it.

盡管這是一件很難的工作，但我樂意做。

I insisted on my own view even if /even though  I was wrong.

即使我錯了，我依然堅持自己的觀點。

九、條件狀語從句

常用的引導詞有： if(如果)，unless（如果  不；除非），as long as(只要)  whether(whether...or not)等

①If it rains tomorrow I will stay at home.

如果明天天下雨，我就呆在家里。

②Unless you work hard, you will fail in the exam.

除非刻苦學習，否則你會考試不及格。

③Whether you go travelling or not this summer vacation, I will.

這個暑假無論你是否去旅游，我都會去旅游的。

十 、容易混淆的連詞

 ①though, although當雖然講, 都不能和but連用，因為but 是并列連詞，如果用了but，前面的though 引導的狀語從句是不能單獨存在，狀語從句必須附屬于主句存在，所以although,(though)…but的格式是不對的。但是他們都可以同yet (still) 連用.，所以though (although)…yet(still)的格式是正確的。

Wrong: Although he is rich but he is not happy.

Right : Although he is rich, yet he is not happy.

雖然他很富有, 然而他并不快樂.

Right: Although we have grown up, our parents treat us as children.

Right : Although we have grown up, our parents still treat us as children.

盡管我們已經(jīng)長大了,可是我們的父母仍把我們看作小孩

②.because當因為講，不能和so連用，因為so 是并列連詞，如果用了so，前面的because引導的狀語從句是不能單獨存在的，狀語從句必須附屬于主句存在, 所以because…so 的格式不對。

Wrong : Because she  has been ill, so she cannot go to school today.

Right: Because she has been ill, she cannot go to school today.

因為她今天病了，所以她不能去上學。

專項練習

一，選擇最佳答案填空

1.My uncle went to Beijing Last year. I have not seen him _____.

A.since almost a year       B. from almost a year on

C. since almost a year ago     D. for a year ago

2.My grandparents are still in good health _____ they are over eighty.

A.though  B. as soon as C. until  D. because

3.When I got the news that the bus accident happened, I was _____ frightened _____my legs couldn’t move forward.

A．so; that  B, very; that  C. too; that D. too; to

4. _______ he’s old, he can still carry this heavy bag.

A. Though B. Since C. For D. So

5. In the zoo if a child _____ into the water and can’t swim, the dolphins may come up ______ him.

A. will fall; to help B. falls; to help

C. will fall; help D. falls; helping

6. We will stay at home if my aunt ________ to visit us tomorrow.

A. comes B. come C. will come D. is coming

7. I was late for class yesterday _______ there was something wrong with my bike.

A. when B. that C. until D. because

8. I’ll go swimming with you if I ________ free tomorrow.

A. will be B. shall be C. am D. was

9. In the exam, the ________ you are,  the _______ mistakes you will make.

A. careful; little B. more careful; fewest

C. more careful; fewer D. more careful; less

10. You should finish your lessons _______ you go out to play.

A. before B. after C. when D. while

11. I hurried _____ I wouldn’t be late for class.

A. since B. so that C. as if D. unless

12. When you read the book, you’d better make a mark _______ you have any questions.

A. which B. that C. where D. though

13. The teacher raised his voice _______ all the students could hear him.

A. for B. so that C. because D. in order

14. He took off his coat _______ he felt hot.

A. because B. as C. if D. since

15. It is ______ that we’d like to go out for a walk.

A. a lovely day B. too lovely a day

C. so lovely a day D. such lovely a day

16. Mary had ______ much work to do that she stayed at her office all day.

A. such B. so C. too D. very

17. _______ I felt very tired, I tried to finish the work.

A. Although B. Because C. As D. As if

18. ______ the day went on, the weather got worse.

A. With B. Since C. While D. As

19.Speak to her slowly ______she will understand you better.

A. as   B. so that  C. for  D. that

20. Write to me as soon as you ________ to Beijing.

A. will get B. get C. getting D. got

二、改錯

1. It’s years when I enjoyed myself so much.  ______

2.After the war, a new school building was put up before there had once been a theatre.   _______                                

3. You will be late if you leave immediately. ______   

4. We won’t give up  until we should fail ten times.  _______          

5. She doesn’t speak as good as her friend, but her written work is excellent. ________

 6. The volleyball match will be put off if it will rain . _______

7.Because it has often rains recently, so our school put off the

sports meeting. _______

8.Though she has got great progress this term in all subjects, but she still works hard.  ______ 

9.It is so a hot day that our shirts are all wet. _______

10. Please wash your school clothes first in order to you can wear them next Monday.  _______

三、選擇適當?shù)囊龑г~填空。

1. Dr. Bethune (白求恩) came to China __________ he was fifty.

2. He began to work __________ he got there.

3. Let's begin our meeting __________everyone is here.

4. I like the English people__________ I don't like their food.

5. He didn't come to the lecture __________ he was very busy.

6. __________we had enough time, we walked to the cinema.

7. They will help you __________ you meet with difficulty.

8. _________ we came to the university, we have learned quite a lot.

9.I didn't join them yesterday evening __________ I had to go to an important meeting.

10. We would try to get a car __________we could all travel together more easily.

11. She wouldn't forget her mother's birthday __________ she seldom wrote to her family.

12. The meeting became _____ disorderly __________ the speaker had to shout the audience down.

13. He was angrier __________ ever before.

14. __________ you lock all the doors, he can still manage to get in.

15. The boy was ______tired __________ he fell asleep on the bus.

四．根據(jù)漢語意思和英語提示完成句子，每空一詞。

  1. 我長大后將成為一名教師。

I will be a teacher ______ ______ ______ ______ .

2.除非刻苦學習，否則你趕不上你的同班同學。

You will not catch up with your classmates _____ _______ _____ ______.

3.我們乘出租車去那里，是為了節(jié)約時間更多時間。

We went there by taxi ______ ______ ______ _____ ______ _____ _____.

4.她是那么激動，以至于說不出話了。

She is so excited _____ _____ _____ ______ _____ _______.

5.她講英語和她的哥哥講得一樣好。

She speaks English ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ _______.

6.這個星期日我們一家人去我們祖父母住的地方。

This Sunday our family will go _______  _______ ______ ______.

7.我必須快點，因為該上課了。

I must hurry up _____ ______ _____ _____ _____ ______ ______.

8.雖然學習是苦的，但是我樂在其中。

______ ______ ______ ______ _______ ,yet I enjoy It.

9.He _____  _____ _____ _____that he failed the exam again.

他出了這么多錯，考試又沒及格。

10.If ______ ______ _______,we will build a snowman.

如果每天下雪，我們就堆一個雪人。

五．單項選擇、（狀語從句與近幾年中考）

1.(寧夏中考）Go back _______ you come from.

A .why  B.where    C.when  D.how

2.（無錫中考）Could you help me with housework ______you are free today ?

A.Since . B. though  C.unless  D. until

3.(黃岡中考）----I can hardly believe my eyes .Is that you  ,Lucy?

----Yes.It has been almost 20 years ________ we were together.

A.Since  B.before C.after D.until

4.（天津中考）It was raining heavily ,_______we decided to stay at home and watch TV.

A.because B. so C.but  D.after

5.（合肥市中考）They will lose the game _______ they try their best.

A.unless B.once  C.since D.after

6.（成都中考）_______ I am in trouble, my classmates will help me out.

A.before B.Whenever C.Although

7.（濱州中考）The teacher asked me to read aloud --------all the students could hear me.

A.In order to  B. for  C. because D.in order that

8.（天津中考）______he was very tired ,he continued working in his office.

A.Since B.Although C.As soon as D.Because

9.(河南中考）He is not a perfect child.He sometimes talks back _____his parents talk with him.

A.If  B. before C.when D.until

10.（黃石中考） It will be 2 years ______ we see each other again.

A.after  B.before C .since D. when

11.(山西中考）Nobody believes a 92-year-old woman could run a marathon _____ she passed the  finishing line. People of all ages can challenge themselves.

A.If  B. since  C. until

12.（安徽中考） Our business won’t improve ______ we offer better services to our customers.

A.Because B.unless C. after D.since

13.(安徽中考）Little Jack has learned to do lots of things on his own,_____he was only four years old. 

A.If  B.though C. for  D. since

14.(安徽中考）Our world will get better and better _______ each of us lives a greener life .

A.Before   B. If  C.though  D.until

15.(安徽中考）---What do you think of your Junior Middle School life ?

  ---- I think it is colourful_______ I am always busy.

A.If  B. though C. while D. until 

六、用括號的引導詞把兩個簡單句連接成一個含有狀語從句的復合句。

1.The students were reading English. The class teacher came into the classroom.(when)

2.Hurry up !Or you will be late. ( if )

3.Maths is a hard subject. I like it. (though)

4.There is a will. There is a way. (where)

5.We will leave for Shanghai. We receive a letter  from our grandparents.( as soon as )

6.The girl didn’t jump into the lake. She couldn’t swim .(because)

7.The two young women caught the thief. The policeman got there.( before)

8.The stadium is  very small .It could hardly hold more than 1000 people .(so...that )

9.She fall  asleep .Her parents were talking with each other.(while)

10.The little girl didn’t stop crying .She saw her mother.( until)

11.You work hard .You will fail in the maths exam.(unless)

12.It was a cold day . The old man had to stay at home.( such ...that)

13.He has been in Beijing . He was born. (since)

14.They left early. They would arrive on time. (in order that )

15.We should give the boy another chance. He has made some mistakes. (though)

答案

一、單項選擇  1---10 CAAAB ADCCA

11---20BCBAC BADBB

二、改錯  1.when---since 2.there---where  3.if---unless

4.until---even if 5.good ---well 6.will rain --rains 7.so---去掉

8.But---去掉9.so a hot day ---so hot a day

10.in order to---in order that

三、每空填一詞。

1. when  2.after 3. because 4. though 5.because

6.Since/As 7.if/when 8.Since 9.because 10.so that/in order that 11.though 12.so...that 13.than 14. Though 15. so...that

四、根據(jù)漢語意思和英語提示完成句子，每空一詞。

1. when I grow up  

2.unless you work hard

3.so that we could save more time

4.that she can’t say a word

5.as well as her brother does

6.where our grandparents live

7.because it is time to have class

8.Though/Although study is hard work

9.made so many mistakes

10.it snows tomorrow

五．單項選擇、（狀語從句與近幾年中考）

1---10 BAABA BDBCB  11---CBBBB

六．用括號的引導詞把兩個簡單句連接成一個含有狀語從句的復合句。

1.  The students were reading English when the class teacher came into the classroom.

2  If you don’t hurry up ,you will be late.

3..Though maths is a hard subject , I like it.

4. Where there is a will, there is a way. 

5. We will leave for Shanghai, as soon as we receive a letter  from our grandparents.

6. The girl didn’t jump into the lake, because she couldn’t swim .

7. The two young women caught the thief before the policeman got there.

8.The stadium is so small that It could hardly hold more than 1000 people .

9.She fell  asleep, while her parents were talking with each other.

10.The little girl didn’t stop crying until she saw her mother.

11.Unless you work hard , you will fail in the maths exam.

12.It was  such a cold day that the old man had to stay at home.

13.He has been in Beijing since he was born.

14.They left early in order that they would arrive there on time.

15. We should give the boy another chance though he has made some mistakes.