|
一、定語從句（一）： 1. 定語從句的概念： 在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。 2. 先行詞： 被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。 3. 關(guān)系詞： 引導(dǎo)定語從句的連詞叫關(guān)系詞。如that、which、who、whom、whose、where、when等。 4.由that、which、who、whom、whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句。 二、定語從句（二） 1. 先行詞是物時，一般情況既可用that也可用which. 但下列情況下，只能用that不用which。 1). 當(dāng)先行詞為指物的不定代詞，如all、everything、something、anything、nothing、none、the one等時，只能用that。 There is nothing ______ I can do for you. 2). 當(dāng)先行詞被the only、the very、the last、all、no、little等詞修飾時，只能用that。 This is the very book ______ I’m looking for. 3). 先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時，只能用that。 This is the first nextbook ______ I studied in the middle school. 4). 先行詞為最高級或被最高級修飾時，只能用that。 This is the most beautiful mountain ______ I have ever seen.= I have _____ seen _____ a beautiful mountian. 5). 先行詞既有人也有物時，只能that。 He told us many interesting things and persons _______ we had. 2. 先行詞是物時，一般情況既可用that也可用which. 但下列情況下，只能用which不用that。 1). 關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時，關(guān)系詞只能用which。 This is the building in ______ he lives. 2). 先行詞本身是that時，關(guān)系詞只能用which。 The clock is that _____ tells the time. 3). 引導(dǎo)非限定性的定語從句（先行詞是物且先行詞與關(guān)系詞用逗號隔開），關(guān)系詞用which。 His book, ______ was lost last week, has been found now. 3. 先行詞是人時，一般情況下既可用who 也可用that 。但以下情況下，只能用who。 1). 當(dāng)先行詞為those、one、ones、anyone且作主語時，一般用who。 Those ______ are singing are all my classmates. 2). 在there be 句型中，先行詞指人時，只能用who。指物時用that。 There is a girl ______ expects to see you. 3). 當(dāng)先行詞是I、you、he、they等時，只能用who。 He ______ plays with fire gets burned. 三、定語從句（三）。 由關(guān)系副詞when、where、why引導(dǎo)的定語從句。 where = in / at +which when = in / on / at +which why = for + which 1. 由where引導(dǎo)的定語從句。 1). 先行詞是表示地點的名詞 2). 在定語從句中作地點狀語 Is this the house ______ you lived? = Is this the house _____ _____ you lived? = Is this the house _____ you lived in? 2. 由when引導(dǎo)的定語從句。 1). 先行詞是表示時間的名詞 2). 在定語從句中作時間狀語 I will never forget the days ______ I met him. = I will never forget the days ____ ____ I met him. 注：先行詞是the last time 時，when 可省略。 When was the last time you saw the parrot? 3. 由why引導(dǎo)的定語從句。 先行詞為reason 時，一般用why 。 why在句中作原因狀語。 We don’t know the reason ______ they didn’t come. 四、注意事項： 1. 關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作賓語時，?？墒÷浴?/strong> The story _____ he told was very popular. A. who B. whom C. whose D. / 2. that、who、which在定語從句中作主語時，定語從句的謂語動詞應(yīng)與先行詞保持一致。 I loves singers who _______(write) their own songs. She is one of the girls who ______(study) hard . 3. 在定語從句中不能出現(xiàn)代替先行詞的人稱代詞。 Will you please show me the book ______ yesterday? A. which you bought B. that you bought it C. you bought D. you bought it 4. 定語從句中whose 的確定： 無論先行詞是人或物，在定語從句中做定語用whose。 判斷：看定語從句的主語前有無限定詞（my、your、Jim’s等），若沒有，則用whose。 The girl _____ parents work in Beijing is Kate. A. who B. whose C. which D. that I know the boy. His handwriting is very good. = I know the boy ____ handwriting is very good. 五、定語從句的簡化 把定語從句簡化為形容詞短語、過去分詞短語、介詞短語、現(xiàn)在分詞短語。 1. She reveived a box which was full of presents. She reveived a box _____ _____ presents. 2. He likes reading books that was written by Luxun. He likes reading booking _____ ____ Luxun. 3. I like Chinese tea which has nothing in it. I like Chinese tea ______ _____ in it. 4. Do you know the girl who is wearing a red dress. Do you know the girl ______ a red dress. |
|
|
