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形容詞性分句（關(guān)系分句或定語(yǔ)從句）
Thanks to Mr. Panqiming
- 形容詞分句通常由 who, which, whose, that等關(guān)系代詞和 when, where, why, how等關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)。關(guān)系代詞起代詞作用。關(guān)系副詞起副詞作用。
- 有時(shí)為了句子的平衡，句子的某些成分會(huì)插入到先行詞和短關(guān)系分句之間。
- 關(guān)系代詞作從句主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)與先行詞一致；先行詞為一個(gè)句子，則動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)第三人稱(chēng)。
Those who are going, come here.
The exams were put off, which was exactly what we wanted.
- 關(guān)系代詞（或介詞+關(guān)系代詞）在從句中作定語(yǔ)，被修飾詞常要提前。whose = of which
1. There is a room, the window of which faces the river.
.2 There is a room, whose window faces the river.
3. He lives in the room whose window faces to the south.
4. He lives m the room, the window of which faces to the south.
5. This is Mr John for whose son I brought a book yesterday.
6. This is Mr John for the son of whom I bought a book yesterday.
- 關(guān)系詞在從句中做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)，用關(guān)系代詞。
而如果關(guān)系詞在從句中做狀語(yǔ)，則用關(guān)系副詞，或者介詞+關(guān)系代詞。
1. Mr Black is going to Beijing in October, which is the best season there. (在從句中作主語(yǔ))
2. I'll never forget the last day which we spent together. (在從句中作賓語(yǔ))
3. I still remember the night when (at which) I first came to the house.
4. I'll never forget the day when (on which) we met each other last week.
5. I will never forget the days (that /which/ x/) I spent with your family.
6. This is the school where (at which)I used to study.
7. Do you still remember the place which we visited last week? (在從句中作賓語(yǔ))
8. Do you still remember the place where we visited the painting exhibition?
9. Have you ever been to Hangzhou, which is famous for the West Lake? (在從句中作主語(yǔ))
10. Have you ever bee to Hangzhou, where lies the West Lake? (倒裝句)
11. Tom will go to Shanghai, where live his two brothers.
12. I live in Beijing, which is the capital of China.
13. There was a time when there were slaves in the USA.
14. It is the third time that you have made the same mistake. (主語(yǔ)從句，或叫強(qiáng)調(diào)句，It 是先行詞)
15. It was in the street where I met John yesterday.
16. It was about 600 years ago when the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.
17. The moment when I saw you, I recognized you.
18. This is the very novel about which we've talked so much. （介詞后不能用關(guān)系副詞）
19. This is the way how he did it.
20. Who is the student who was late for school today?
21. Who that knows him wants to make friends with him?
22. What else was there in my brother that your didn't like?
23. This is the hour when the place is always full of women and children.
24. And there is one point about which I'd like your advice.
25 . Winter is the time of year when (in which) the days are short and nights are long.
26. I hope you will find this valley a beautiful place_____ you may spend your weekend.
- 限制性關(guān)系分句前無(wú)逗號(hào)，翻譯時(shí)要譯作前置定語(yǔ)；非限制性關(guān)系分句僅起補(bǔ)充作用，和主句間有逗號(hào)相隔，常翻譯成并列分句。
Those who want to go, please sign their names hers.
This not was left by John, who was here a moment ago.
a. 當(dāng)名詞中心詞中有表示類(lèi)別的不定冠詞 a，或有all, any, some, every, no 等不定限定詞，以及有前后照應(yīng)的定冠詞 the 時(shí)，其后的關(guān)系分句多為限定關(guān)系分句。
b. 非限制性關(guān)系分句多用 who, whom, whose, which, where, when 等詞引導(dǎo)，很少用 that。有時(shí)，非限制性關(guān)系分句在語(yǔ)義上起狀語(yǔ)從句的作用，表示原因，目的，結(jié)果，條件，讓步等意義。
- 下述情況中，宜用that 而不宜用 which。
a. 先行詞為 all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, few, the one 等不定代詞。
b. 先行詞為形容詞最高級(jí)或被 only, any, few, little, no, all, one of 等修飾。
c. 先行詞為數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞（包括 last）修飾。
d. 先行詞中既有人又有物。
e. 先行詞在主句中作表語(yǔ)，或關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語(yǔ)。
- 下述情況中，不宜用 that。
a. 關(guān)系代詞前有介詞。
b. 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中。
c. 先行詞本身是 that。
- 關(guān)系代詞 as 的用法：
a. as 單用，引導(dǎo)非限制性關(guān)系分句，說(shuō)明整個(gè)主句，可位于主句的前、后或中間，但要用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。
b. such … as, the same … as, as much … as, as many … as 則用于限制性關(guān)系分句中。
- 限定性關(guān)系分句的關(guān)系詞，在下述情況可以省略：
a. 關(guān)系代詞在限制性關(guān)系分句中作賓語(yǔ)。
b. 在分句中作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞 that。
c. 關(guān)系代詞在分句中作主語(yǔ)，而且主句是 it is, that is, there is 的結(jié)構(gòu)。
d. the time (when), the place (where), the reason (why), the way (in which) 中的 when, where, why, in which。
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