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非謂語動詞用法---主語和賓語 東聯(lián)現(xiàn)代中學(xué) 張利平 非謂語動詞做主語和賓語 1.主語: (用不定式和動名詞) 不定式:一次性,某一次（范圍）,將來 f.g: To go to the palace with just a flower is to say 'I'm poor.' 動名詞: 一般,普遍,經(jīng)常 f.g: Laying eggs is her full-time job. 注：當(dāng)不定式和動名詞作主語時，為使句子平衡，可將不定式和動名詞放到句尾，在主語的位置上用 “it” 作形式主語。如： 不定式: It is +adj./n.+ to do sth.(for/of sb. to do sth.) f.g: InFrance, itis the custom to shake hands with people in the office every morning. * It is good manners for an Arab to stand close to his friend when are talking. * It was impossible for people on the floors above to escape. * It was not right for the South to break away from the Union. * It was foolish of him to do that.=He was foolish to do that. 動名詞: It's no use (good)/useless + doing sth. f.g: It is no good reading in the sun. 注：當(dāng)“表語”是 no use, no good, 和 useless 時，主語用“動名詞”。 2.賓語: （用不定式、動名詞） (1)只用不定式作賓語的動詞: (常用的36個) plan 計劃, expect 期望, wish 祝愿, hope 希望, long 渴望, desire 渴望, want 想要, ask 請求, demand 要求, beg 乞求, decide 決定，refuse 拒絕，promise 承諾，agree 同意，choose 選擇，pretend 假裝，manage 設(shè)法，offer 主動提出，learn 學(xué)會，afford 負(fù)擔(dān)得起，determine 決心，aim 打算, 目標(biāo)，intend 打算，dare 敢，arrange 安排，help 幫助，hesitate 猶豫，wait 等待，fail 未能做，seek 尋求、試圖，prepare 準(zhǔn)備，care 關(guān)心, 想要，fear 害怕，struggle 掙扎,努力，tend 傾向于 would like 想要 f.g: They learned to deal with conditions where there is neither weight nor gravity, neither“up” nor “down”. * I'd like to see your ten-speed bicycles. * The emperor wished to see the cloth while it was still on the looms. (2)只用動名詞作賓語的動詞: （常用的41個） suggest 建議，advise 建議，enjoy 喜歡，appreciate 感激，stop 停止，mind 介意，finish 完成，keep (on) 繼續(xù)，practise 練習(xí)，miss 錯過，avoid 避免，consider 考慮，give up 放棄，delay 推遲，put off 推遲，admit 承認(rèn)，acknowledge 承認(rèn)，deny 否認(rèn)，permit 允許，allow 容許，report 報告，explain 解釋，mention 提及，stand 忍受，imagine 想象，fancy 設(shè)想，recall 回想起，excuse 借口，escape 逃脫，discuss 討論，dislike 討厭，resist 拒絕，forbid 禁止， prohibit 禁止，pardon 原諒， forgive 原諒，prevent 阻止，risk 冒險，understand 理解，recommend 推薦，burst out 突然 f.g: He gave up teaching only two year ago. * He stopped working on the branch. (3)既可跟不定式也可跟動名詞:（意義相近）love, like, hate, prefer, began, start, continue, propose，bother, can’t bear, intend, attempt 不定式: 一次性,某次, 將來 (謂語動詞是進(jìn)行時后用不定式)。 動名詞：一般，普遍，經(jīng)常 (心里狀態(tài)動詞只能用不定式.) f.g: He started working hard to improve his English. * He started to raise more of them. * When he was a boy he liked to ask questions. * She saw that Abraham like reading. * People are beginning to realize just how serious the whole situation is. (謂語動詞是進(jìn)行時, realize是心里狀態(tài)動詞) (4)既可跟不定式,也可跟動名詞: （意義不同） remember, forget, regret, want, need ( require),try, mean. A. remember, forget, regret 不定式: 發(fā)生在謂語動詞之后// 動名詞: 發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前 f.g: He had forgotten to put on his shoes. * I remember posting the letter. * She regretted missing the report. B. want, need,(require) 不定式: 表示與主語有主動關(guān)系// 動名詞: 表示與主語有被動關(guān)系 注: require不跟不定式的主動式；可跟不定式的被動式,也表示與主語被動關(guān)系, 與跟動名詞的區(qū)別: 同做主語時一樣。) f.g: I want to be proud of you. * His clothes needed washing * These young trees will require looking after. C. try 不定式: 企圖,想法,努力(去做…) // 動名詞: 試著去做… f.g: Office workers tried to put out the fire, but it was impossible to control it. * He tried reading, but that could not make her forget her trouble. D. mean 不定式: 打算,想要 // 動名詞: 意味著…意思是… f.g: I didn't mean to hurt your feelings. * Revolution means liberating the productive forces. E. can't help, 不定式: 不能幫助做… // 動名詞: 禁不住做… f.g: I have a lot of homework to do today, so I can’t help to do the housework. When he heard the good news, he couldn’t help shouting excitedly. F. go on 不定式: 接著做另外一件事 // 動名詞: 表示接著做原來的事 f.g: After the new words, the students went on to read the text. The old man had a drink of tea and went on telling his story. |
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