|
語(yǔ) 態(tài)
（表示主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系）
一、總述
主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。
如：Many
students study English.(主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))
English
is studied by many students.(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))
二、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法
（1）當(dāng)不知道或沒(méi)有必要指出誰(shuí)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)
Such
books are written for children. 這些書(shū)是為兒童寫(xiě)的。
（2）強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者，這時(shí)應(yīng)用by短語(yǔ)。
The
cup was broken by David.
（3）作客觀說(shuō)明時(shí)，常采用一種被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句型.
It’s
said / reported / + that …據(jù)說(shuō)/據(jù)報(bào)道
It’s
reported that it will rain tomorrow.據(jù)報(bào)道，明天會(huì)下雨。
Ⅰ.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)：
is/are+過(guò)去分詞
Cars
are made in China .
The
desk made of wood.這張桌子是木質(zhì)的。
English
is in our school.我們學(xué)校學(xué)英語(yǔ)。
如何由主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)呢？
?Many students study English.
English
is studied by many students.
?They
make shoes in that factory.
Shoes
are made by them in that factory.
注意1.將主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)。
2.將主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞由主動(dòng)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)
3.將主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中介詞by的賓語(yǔ)放在謂動(dòng)詞之后
運(yùn)用一下吧！
They
play football on Sunday.
Lucy
does the homework in the evening..
They
often use computers in class..
We
make these machines in Beijing.
Ⅱ.一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)： was/were +過(guò)去分詞
1.
They bought a computer last term．
A computer
was bought by them last term.
2.We
planted many trees last year.
Many
trees were planted last year.
運(yùn)用一下吧！
They
built the tall building last year.
He
took good care of his little brother yesterday.
We
cleaned our classroom just now.
They
used the rooms for resting.
Ⅲ.一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)：be
going to be/will be+過(guò)去分詞
1.They
will finish the work in ten days.
The
work will be finished by them in ten days.
2.Tom is going to clean the room tomorrow.
The
room is going to be cleaned by Tom tomorrow.
運(yùn)用一下吧！
We
will held a sports meeting next week.
Children
will take some photos in the schoolyard tomorrow.
The
headmaster is going to give a talk this afternoon.
Ⅳ.含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)can/may/must/should
+ be+過(guò)去分詞
1.Amy
can take good care of Gina ．
Gina
can be taken good care of by Amy.
2.You
should drink more water.
More
water should be drunk by you.
運(yùn)用一下吧！
1.He
can take care of the baby.
2.Lucy
may draw the pictures.
3.You
must turn off the lights.
4.They
should learn English well.
Ⅴ.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu) is / am / are + being ＋過(guò)去分詞
1.Some
workers are painting the rooms now．
The
rooms are being painted by some workers now.
2.He is
watching TV.
TV is being watched by him.
Ⅵ.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu) have / has＋been＋過(guò)去分詞
1.We
have made a key．
A key
has been made by us.
2.We
have finished our compositions.
Our
compositions have been finished by us.
三、小結(jié)
The passive
voice 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
Ⅰ、英語(yǔ)中動(dòng)詞有主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)兩種語(yǔ)態(tài). 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者, 在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者有時(shí)用by短語(yǔ)表示出來(lái).
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成:助動(dòng)詞be+ (及物動(dòng)詞的) 過(guò)去分詞
am (is, are) + done 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
was
(were) + done 一般過(guò)去時(shí)
一般將來(lái)時(shí)
shall / will + be + done
過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)
would / should + be + done
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) am /
is / are + being+ done
過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) was
/ were + being + done
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) have
/ has + been + done
過(guò)去完成時(shí) had
+ been + done
Ⅱ、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的幾種類型
1.帶雙賓語(yǔ)句子的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
一般把間接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)，則另一個(gè)不動(dòng)。如把直接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)則需在間賓前加 for 或 to。
如：①He
gave me a book.
－I was given a
book by him.
－A book was given
to me by Tom.
②I
bought him a book.
－He was bought a
book by me.
－A book was
bought for him by me.
2.含有短語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
?They
take good care of my child. -----My child is taken good care of .
?I turned off the
radio. ---The radio (by me).
3.在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中省去to 在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)應(yīng)補(bǔ)出來(lái)
即hear
, watch , see , make , let ,這些詞在變被動(dòng)句時(shí)必須加to.
?I saw
him play basketball last Sunday.
→He
was play basketball last Sunday.
?The
boss makes him work for 10 hours.
→He work for 10 hours.
4.主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表被動(dòng)含義★★★
1） look smell sound feel taste等作連系動(dòng)詞用時(shí) ，主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。
Eg.
棉花摸起來(lái)很柔軟Cotton
soft.
這老婦人看起來(lái)焦急。The
old woman worried .
2)
write
read
sell wash open lock等常和表示行為方式的狀語(yǔ)連用表達(dá)效果和程度時(shí) 常用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。
Eg.
This pen well.這筆很好用。
This
book .這書(shū)很暢銷
3)
動(dòng)詞 need want require（需要）等接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)構(gòu)成主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表被動(dòng)含義
Eg 他的鞋需要修理。His shoes .
填空（完成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)填空）
1. They often clean their classroom after
school . （改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）
Their classroom _____ often ______ by them after school.
2. Li Lei gave Tom a new pen last week . （同上）
A new pen _____ _______ _____ Tom last week
.
3. A
lot of people in China can speak English now . （同上）
English ______ ____ ______ by a lot of
people in China now.
4. I have learned English for about two
years. （同上）
English ______ ______ ______ for about two
years.
5. They will read these story-books next
month. （同上）
These
story-books _____ _____ _____ next month.
選擇
6.
－Do
you like the skirt ? －It
_______ soft.
A. is feeling B. felt
C. feels D. is felt
7.
Are you still here ? You were here an hour ago . Who
________ for ?
A. are you waiting B. did you wait
C. were you waiting D. do you wait
8.
_____ to know Professor Zhang.
A. He said B. I said
C. He is said D. It says
9. －I want to sit at
the table near the window.
－Sorry , ______
already.
A. it took
B. it takes
C. it is taking D. it has been taken
10.
The letter _______ three days ago and it_____ yesterday.
A.
had post , had arrived B. was posted ,
arrived
C.
posted , arrived D. had been posted , was arrived
11.
He told me that the final examination _______ next Thursday.
A. is given
B. will be given
C.
would have given D. would be given
12.
Water ______ into ice.
A. will changed B. must be changed
C. should change D. can be changed
13.
The birds _______ fly away last Saturday.
A.
let to B. is let to C. was let
D. were let to
14. A
strange sound ______ yesterday evening.
A. was heard B. hears
C. heard D. is heard
15. A
beautiful bike _______ him by his classmates.
A. sent to B. will sent to
C. was sent to D. will be sent for
16.
Miss Chen ______ just ______ to speak at
the meeting.
A.
has …been asked B. has been …asked
C.
Have been … asked D. have …been asked
17.
Meat _______ out in this shop . We can ____ now.
A. have been sold , get nothing
B. has been sold , get nothing
C. has been sold , get some
D. have been
sold , get some
注to: pass, give, show, bring
for: make, buy, draw
18.
The new play _______ in theatre now . Why don’t you go in and see it ?
A. is being shown B. is showing
C. is shown D. shows
19.
Can you tell _______ ?
A. when did it happen B.
when was it happened
C. when it happened D. when it was happened
20.
______ the job ______ by Lucy or by John ?
A. Has … finished
B. Has …being finished
C. Is …finish
D. Has …been
finished
完成下列句子：
1.Our
school _____?。撸撸撸?/span>in
2002.(開(kāi)辦)
2.The
young trees must____ ____ ______
well. (照顧)
3.
_____ this building_________(建成)last year?
4.The
book _____ _______(寫(xiě))by him last year.
5.
The bridge _______ _______(不建造)in1989..
6.The
29th Olympic Games will____ ______(舉行) in UK in 2012.
|
