高中階段的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)，非謂語(yǔ)內(nèi)容看似比較龐雜，其實(shí)是有規(guī)律可循的。我們只需弄清楚三點(diǎn)即可：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式；每種非謂語(yǔ)形式的含義；非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的解題方法。今天，我們先來(lái)看看近幾年高考是怎樣考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的。

Ⅰ. 單句語(yǔ)法填空

1．(2015·安徽，27改編)__Ignoring__(ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.

解析：設(shè)空處位于句首，考慮句中可能缺少主語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)，再分析句子成分，句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞will be，句中缺少的是主語(yǔ)，再根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞形式。句意為：忽視這兩種研究結(jié)果的差異將是你所犯的最嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤之一。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句子的謂語(yǔ)部分是will be，one of the worst mistakes是表語(yǔ)，you make是省略關(guān)系代詞的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾mistakes。很顯然，________the difference between the two research findings是主語(yǔ)部分，結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知設(shè)空處用動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)。答案為Ignoring。

2．(2014·四川，5改編)The manager was satisfied to see many new products__developed__(develop) after great effort.

解析：提示詞為動(dòng)詞，且句中已有謂語(yǔ)was satisfied to see，便會(huì)考慮此處為“動(dòng)詞(see/hear/feel/watch/notice等)＋名詞或代詞＋賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)；再根據(jù)所給的動(dòng)詞和其邏輯主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系確定答案。句意為：經(jīng)過(guò)一番努力之后，看到許多新產(chǎn)品被開(kāi)發(fā)出來(lái)，經(jīng)理感到很滿意。此處為see sth. done結(jié)構(gòu)，動(dòng)詞develop與賓語(yǔ)many new products之間為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)表示被動(dòng)、已完成，故答案為developed。

3．(2014·廣東，25)We got a little __sunburned或sunburnt__(sunburn)，but the day had been so relaxing that we didn't mind.

解析：給出的提示詞為動(dòng)詞，并且句中也有了謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞got，考慮設(shè)空處應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式；再分析sunburn與其邏輯主語(yǔ)we的關(guān)系可判斷應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞形式。本題考查“get＋過(guò)去分詞”表示狀態(tài)。got在該題中為連系動(dòng)詞，且sunburn與we之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)。因此，答案為sunburned或sunburnt。

4．(2014·天津，5改編)Anxiously，she took the dress out of the package and tried it on，only__to_find__(find) it didn't fit.

解析：給出的提示詞為動(dòng)詞，句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞took和tried，故此處考慮用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)；再根據(jù)空前的only及句意可判斷此處為“only＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。句意為：她急切地從包裹里拿出裙子穿上，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)它不合身。only to do表示出乎意料的結(jié)果。故填to find。

5．(2015·課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅰ，70)Abercrombie & Kent，a travel company in Hong Kong，says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people __living__(live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.

解析：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)快速找到謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞arranges，從而判斷此處應(yīng)填非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；再根據(jù)句意可知，邏輯主語(yǔ)people與live之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，最后確定填現(xiàn)在分詞形式。句意為：香港的一家旅游公司Abercrombie & Kent說(shuō)，他們經(jīng)常在這兒為上海人和香港人安排方便的度假。

6．(2015·北京，21改編)__To_catch__(catch) the early flight，we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.

解析：To catch在此作目的狀語(yǔ)。句意：為了趕上早航班，我們提前訂了出租車(chē)并且起得很早。

7．(2015·北京，23改編)The park was full of people，__enjoying__(enjoy) themselves in the sunshine.

解析：enjoying為現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，與people形成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。句意：公園里人山人海，他們?cè)阢逶≈?yáng)光愉快地玩耍。

8．(2015·天津，5改編)__Absorbed__(absorb) in painting，John didn't notice evening approaching.

解析：動(dòng)詞absorb有“使專(zhuān)心”之意，常見(jiàn)短語(yǔ)be absorbed in，所以用過(guò)去分詞作原因狀語(yǔ)。

9．(2015·天津，8改編)__Having_worked__(work) for two days，Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.

解析：該題邏輯主語(yǔ)是Steve，與動(dòng)詞work是主謂關(guān)系，已知謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為managed to finish，“成功完成”，比較動(dòng)作work和已知謂語(yǔ)可知，先工作兩天，才成功完成，因此用可表示發(fā)生在已知謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前的having worked。

10．(2015·陜西，17改編)After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress，Anne Benedict went on __to_thank__(thank) all the people who had helped in her career.

解析：go on后接to do或doing作賓語(yǔ)均可以，但是go on doing表示“繼續(xù)干同一件事”，而go on to do則表示“繼續(xù)干另一件事”。由語(yǔ)境可知，Anne Benedict在接受獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)后又繼續(xù)干另一件事，即：感謝幫助過(guò)她的人，故要用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)。句意：在獲得奧斯卡最佳女配角獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)之后，Anne Benedict繼續(xù)感謝所有曾經(jīng)在她的職業(yè)生涯中幫助過(guò)她的人。

11．(2015·陜西，18改編)Back from his two－year medical service in Africa，Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother __taken__(take) good care of at home.

解析：分析結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處是“see＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)，賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)可以是do，doing或者done。若賓語(yǔ)與補(bǔ)語(yǔ)之間為主謂關(guān)系，且強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的全過(guò)程，用省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式，即do；若賓語(yǔ)與補(bǔ)語(yǔ)之間為主謂關(guān)系，且強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，用doing；若賓語(yǔ)與補(bǔ)語(yǔ)之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，用過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)。此處his mother與take good care of之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，要用taken作賓補(bǔ)。句意：在非洲醫(yī)療服務(wù)兩年后回來(lái)，李博士看到他的母親在家里被照顧得很好，他很高興。

12．(2015·浙江，18改編)Listening to music at home is one thing；going to hear it __being_performed__(perform) live is quite another.

解析：由live(現(xiàn)場(chǎng)直播)可知“聽(tīng)到音樂(lè)正在被演奏”，故填being performed。

13．(2015·湖南，30改編)When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile，she stood rooted to the ground，__wondering__(wonder) whether to stay or leave.

解析：句意：當(dāng)?shù)陠T看到一張慈祥的臉上擠出一副抱歉的笑容時(shí)，她愣愣地站在了那里，不知是去還是留。此句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是stood，所以wonder在此用－ing形式作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。

14．(2015·湖南，34改編)Sometimes I act as a listening ear for fellow students __to_talk__(talk) over what is bothering them.

解析：talk over討論。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知act as a listening ear for fellow students to do sth.中的to do sth.是作students的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。句意：有時(shí)我充當(dāng)一個(gè)傾聽(tīng)者來(lái)傾聽(tīng)我的同學(xué)們討論他們的煩心事。

15．(2015·重慶，11改編)Like ancient sailors，birds can find their way __using__(use) the sun and the stars.

解析：using the sun and the stars在句中作狀語(yǔ)，與邏輯主語(yǔ)birds構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞。句意：像古代水手那樣，鳥(niǎo)可以利用太陽(yáng)和恒星來(lái)找到路。

16．(2015·福建，28改編)__To_learn__(learn) more about Chinese culture，Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course.

解析：由語(yǔ)境可知，此處是動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。句意：為了更多地了解中國(guó)文化，杰克決定把中國(guó)民間音樂(lè)作為選修課。

17．(2015·福建，33改編)In recent years an English word “infosphere” has appeared，__combining__(combine) the sense of “information” and “atmosphere”．

解析：由語(yǔ)境可知，infosphere與combine之間為主謂關(guān)系，故要用doing作狀語(yǔ)。句意：近幾年，一個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞infosphere出現(xiàn)了，它把“信息”與“氣氛”的含義結(jié)合在一起。

18．(2015·江蘇，24改編)Much time__spent__(spend) sitting at a desk，office workers are generally troubled by health problems.

解析：本句為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。逗號(hào)后為主句，逗號(hào)前為獨(dú)立主格作原因狀語(yǔ)。time與spend是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填spent。句意：因?yàn)榛ㄙM(fèi)很多時(shí)間坐在桌子旁，辦公室職員一般都受健康問(wèn)題的困擾。

19．When there was no place in the whole field __left__(leave) to dig, the rabbit dug a tunnel right to where the dog had been lying all the time.

解析：句意：當(dāng)整塊兒地都沒(méi)有什么可挖的地方時(shí)，兔子挖了一個(gè)隧道，直通到狗一直躺著的地方。這里的提示詞leave和前面的place是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以用left。

20．Henry can't attend the party __being_held__(hold) at Tom's house at present because he is preparing the speech at the party __to_be_held__(hold) at Marie's house tomorrow.

解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)。第一空，根據(jù)at present可知，hold這個(gè)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，且hold與party之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用being held；第二空，根據(jù)tomorrow可知，hold這個(gè)動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生，且hold與party之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用to be held。

Ⅱ. 語(yǔ)法填空

在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

In the past, if I had to look away from my phone, I felt like I was going to die. When I had lunch with my family or dated with my friends, I couldn't resist __1. replying__(reply) to a text message or checking my Facebook, We Chat on __2. the__ mobile phone. Before long, it was easy for me __3. to_get__(get) tired. The more I texted during the day, the __4. poorer__(poor) my sleep was. I couldn't even focus on my study.

My friend told me that people __5. who/that__ can't help checking their phones all day are known as phubbers(低頭族). Phubbing trends not only involve the young people, but __6. the__ elderly. Soon, I found a slogan on a website as follows: stop twittering, stop posting photos...

__7. Thankfully__(thankful), I realized there was actually an outside world. My __8. divided__ (divide) attention could keep me from what is truly important. Now, I can use the phone without __9. feeling__(feel) like a drug addict. I have more time __10. to_enjoy__(enjoy) real－life activities. Use your cell phone and don't let it use you.

解析：

1．resist后用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。

2．on the phone“在手機(jī)上”，是固定短語(yǔ)。

3．it是形式主語(yǔ)，本空所填的動(dòng)詞不定式是真正主語(yǔ)。

4．由前面的the more判斷填poorer，本句為“the＋比較級(jí)．..，the＋比較級(jí)．..”句式。

5．本空引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞people，并在從句中作主語(yǔ)，故用who或that。

6．形容詞前用定冠詞，表示一類(lèi)人，the elderly“老年人”。

7．作句子狀語(yǔ)，意為“幸虧，幸好”，所以本空填副詞Thankfully。

8．作attention的定語(yǔ)，與attention之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填divided，表示“被分散了的精力”。

9．位于介詞后用動(dòng)名詞形式。

10．have more time to do sth.“有更多的時(shí)間去做某事”，動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)。

Ⅲ. 單句改錯(cuò)

1．Even when it comes to  shake hands, ladies come first.

答案與解析：shake→shaking　在when it comes to...句型中，to為介詞，所以要用動(dòng)名詞作to的賓語(yǔ)。

2．The express company will get all  these goods received delivering to the customers today.

答案與解析：delivering→delivered　句意為：快遞公司今天將會(huì)把所有這些收到的貨物派送給顧客們。deliver與其邏輯主語(yǔ)these goods之間為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，即these goods為deliver動(dòng)作的承受者，所以應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，此處為“get＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)。

3．(2014·遼寧)It is difficult to understanding why she barks every minute she's outside.

答案與解析：understanding→understand　It's difficult to do sth.意為“做某事是困難的”，其中to為動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)，其后要跟動(dòng)詞原形。故將understanding改為understand。

4．I, together with my two friends, was eating dinner at a Chinese restaurant, locating in the center of New York.

答案與解析：locating→located　句意為：我和我的兩個(gè)朋友一起，正在位于紐約市中心的一家中餐館里用餐。(be) located in...為固定用法，意為“坐落于……”。故將locating改為located。

5．We all enjoyed the precious day greatly, remember the time we spent together.

答案與解析：remember→remembering　句意為：我們所有人都很享受這寶貴的一天，記著我們一起度過(guò)的時(shí)光。句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞enjoyed，因此remember應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式；remember與主語(yǔ)we之間構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。

6．But now we often discuss and try to solve the problems raising by the teachers or ourselves.

答案與解析：raising→raised　句意：但現(xiàn)在我們經(jīng)常討論并盡力解決老師或我們自己提出來(lái)的問(wèn)題。根據(jù)by可知，“問(wèn)題”是“被老師或我們自己提出”，故應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)。

7．The ability express one's idea somehow decides how far one can get along in one's college.

答案與解析：express前加to　句意為：一個(gè)人表達(dá)思想的能力在一定程度上決定了他在大學(xué)里的發(fā)展。抽象名詞ability等詞后通常用不定式作定語(yǔ)。

8．The office of the Students' Union will contact the choosing candidates for an interview in a few days.

答案與解析：choosing→chosen　句意為：幾天后，學(xué)生會(huì)辦公室將聯(lián)系已被選出的候選人來(lái)面試。這里指的是“已被選出的候選人”，表示被動(dòng)和完成，所以用過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)。

9．Travel to a place I have never been to certainly can broaden my mind.

答案與解析：Travel→Travelling　 作句子的主語(yǔ)，表示事實(shí)，用動(dòng)名詞。動(dòng)詞原形不能作句子的主語(yǔ)。

10．They couldn't help say that their son had grown up.

答案與解析：say→saying　can't help doing“禁不住做某事”，是固定短語(yǔ)。

11．(2016·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ)We can choose between staying at home and take a trip.

答案與解析：take→taking　句意：我們可以選擇待在家里或是去旅行。and連接兩個(gè)并列成分。本句中動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)staying at home與taking a trip構(gòu)成并列關(guān)系，都作介詞between的賓語(yǔ)。

12．(2016·新課標(biāo)Ⅲ)I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes.

答案與解析：wear→wearing　句意：我通過(guò)穿一些奇怪的衣服向他們展示我的獨(dú)立。by是介詞，后接動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)。

13．(2016·安徽合肥八中第一次段考)Having a pleasant trip and see you Friday.

答案與解析：Having→Have　句意：旅途愉快，星期五見(jiàn)。由于此為祝福用語(yǔ)，須用祈使句表示祝愿，動(dòng)詞用原形。

14．(2016·安徽示范性高中第二次聯(lián)考)To achieve determination，we need the followed strategies.

答案與解析：followed→following　句意：為了實(shí)現(xiàn)決心，我們需要以下策略。動(dòng)詞follow的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)意為“以下的”時(shí)，須用following。

15．(2016·福建神州十三中期中考試)She can't imagine so young a girl live alone.

答案與解析：live→living或live→lives　句意：她不能想像這樣年輕的女孩一個(gè)人生活。根據(jù)動(dòng)詞imagine的句型用法：imagine sb. doing...；imagine that...可知，后面要么用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式，要么為賓語(yǔ)從句。