定語(yǔ)從句（二）

在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語(yǔ)從句。

被修飾的名字或代詞叫做先行詞。

引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞有who whom whose which that

引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系副詞有where when why 等

限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句

限制性定語(yǔ)從句是從句中不可缺少的組成部分，主句和從句之間不能用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi).引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞有who whom whose which of which 等。這些關(guān)系代詞都不可以省略。

非限制性定語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)主句先行詞的補(bǔ)充和說(shuō)明，沒(méi)有從句不影響主句的意思完整，一般用逗號(hào)把主句和從句隔開(kāi)，通常不用關(guān)系代詞that.

 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)候，關(guān)系代詞往往使用which 而不使用that.例如;

  I have lost my pen ,which I like very much.

 I have two sisters,who are both students.

1 由 who whom why 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

 這類從句中who 作主語(yǔ)，whom作賓語(yǔ)，whose作定語(yǔ)。例如

 This is the man who helped me .

 The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room.

 Do you know the man whose name is Wang Yu.

 I like the book whose cover is green.

2 Which 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

  which在從句中作主語(yǔ)或者是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或者是介詞的賓語(yǔ)。例如

  This is the book which you want.

  The building which stands near the river is our school

  The room in which there is a machine is workshop.

注意：

  whom ,which 作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，介詞可以放在which之前（就是小尾巴可以往前放)也可以放在原來(lái)的位置 上。但是如果這個(gè)介詞是動(dòng)詞詞組的固定組成部分，這個(gè)介詞就必須待在后面原來(lái)的位置上，也就是（小尾巴不能往前跑）例如：

  This is the person whom you are looking for.(look for 是固定詞組，for不可以移動(dòng)）

3由that 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

 that在定語(yǔ)從句中可以指人也可以指物，在從句中做主語(yǔ)或者是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，但是不可以在介詞后面做介

 詞的賓語(yǔ)，例如

 The letter that I received was from my father.

 注意:在以下幾種情況下必須用that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句：

  先行詞是不定代詞all few little much something anything nothing等

  All that we have to do is to practice every day.

  先行詞被最高級(jí)和序數(shù)詞修飾的時(shí)候，例如

  The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.

  先行詞被all any every some no few little等修飾的時(shí)候，例如

  I have read all the books that you gave me.

  先行詞被the only ,the same,the very ,the last 修飾的時(shí)候只用that，例如

  He is the only person that I want to talk to .

  先行詞即有人又有物的時(shí)候，例如

  They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school.

4 由when ,where ,why 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，例如

  I know the reason why he came late.

  This is the place where we lived for 5 years .

  I will never forget the day when I met Mr.Liu.

  注意：先行詞是表示地點(diǎn)時(shí)，有時(shí)用where ,有時(shí)用that 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，這時(shí)要根據(jù)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是及物

  動(dòng)詞還是非及物動(dòng)詞而定。是及物動(dòng)詞用that 或which,否則用where.例如

  This is the house where he lived last year.

  This is the house that/which he visited last year.

 5 as 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

  as 用作關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，并在從句中作定語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，或者是狀語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成

  the same .....as,such .....as 等結(jié)構(gòu)。例如

  I like the same book as you do(as 作賓語(yǔ)）

  I shall do it in the same way as you did .(as 作狀語(yǔ)）

  I want to have such a dictionary as he has (as 作賓語(yǔ)）

  as 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，as 在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，和賓語(yǔ)。這個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句是說(shuō)明整個(gè)句子的，它

  可以放在主句之前，例如

  As we all know ,he studies very hard.

  As is known to all ,he is the best student in our class.

  常用的這種類似插入語(yǔ)的句式有，

  as is said above,

  as is known to all,

  as it is

  注意：關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)必須和先行詞保持一致。

  關(guān)系代詞whom ,which ,that,在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)和介詞的賓語(yǔ)，而該介詞又位于從

  句的句末時(shí)，經(jīng)常省略，但as 一般不省略。

  關(guān)系代詞which,as在定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別是：which不能放在句首，而as 則可以，在句中時(shí)，as 有正如

  ，就像之意，而which 沒(méi)有。