概念：在復(fù)合句中作定語，修飾主句中某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。

定語從句相關(guān)術(shù)語：

1. 限制性定語從句

用來修飾和限定先行詞，與先行詞間的關(guān)系非常密切，如果去掉，則意思含混不清。

2. 非限制性定語從句

非限制性定語從句起補充附帶說明的作用，缺少它不會影響全句的理解，譯為漢語時常常不譯做定語，而根據(jù)句意翻譯為相應(yīng)的其它形式的從句。它與主句的關(guān)系不像限制性定語從句的關(guān)系那樣緊密。在非限制性定語從句的前面往往有逗號隔開。

3. 先行詞

被定語從句修飾的名詞，代詞稱為先行詞。先行詞總是出現(xiàn)在定語從句之前。

4. 關(guān)系詞

引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞稱為關(guān)系詞，關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。

關(guān)系代詞有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；

關(guān)系副詞有where, when, why等。

5. 關(guān)系詞常有3個作用：1引導(dǎo)定語從句 2代替先行詞 3在定語從句中擔當一個成分。

限制性定語從句

1 關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句

1. who指人在從句中做主語

The boys who are playing football are from Class One.

2. whom指人，在定語從句中充當賓語，?？墒÷?。（注：who和whom已無太大區(qū)別，可以通用。）

Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.

The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.

注意：關(guān)系代詞whom在口語和非正式語體中常用who代替，可省略。

如果在從句中做賓語,就用whom或who.比如: He is the man whom/who I talk to.

如果是在從句中作主語就只能用who.比如: He is the man who has an English book.

3. which指物，在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略

This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.

4. that指人時，相當于who或者whom；指物時，相當于which。在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略。

The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.

Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?

5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語

He has a friend whose father is a doctor.

I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.

whose指物時，常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來代替

The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.

The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.

關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句

關(guān)系副詞也可以引導(dǎo)的定語從句，并在從句中分別表示時間，地點或原因等

關(guān)系副詞的作用相當于“介詞+which結(jié)構(gòu)”（其用法分類列表如下）

1. when指時間，在定語從句中做時間狀語

I still remember the day when I first came to the school.

2. where指地點，在定語從句中做地點狀語

The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.

3. why指原因，在定語從句中做原因狀語

Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.

注意：關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的從句可以由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的從句替換

The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,

限制性定語從句只能用that的幾種情況

1．當先行詞是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some等代詞時，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much，each等修飾時

Have you taken down everything (that) Mr. Li has said?

There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.

All that can be done has been done.

There is little that I can do for you.

注意1：部分時候that可以省略，如部分例句將that用括號括住。

注意2：當先行詞指人時，偶爾也可以用who

Any man that/ who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing.

2. 當先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾

The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.

3. 當先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾時

This is the best film that I have seen.

4. 當形容詞被the very, the only，the same, the last 修飾時

This is the very good dictionary that I want to buy,

After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned.

當先行詞指人時，偶爾也可以用who

Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting？

5. 當先行詞前面有who, which等疑問代詞時

Who is the man that is standing there?

Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?

6. 當先行詞既有人，也有動物或者物體時

Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?

【中考真題再現(xiàn)】

（2014,24）I will never forget the day _____we spent in the old town with small houses.

A.who B.whom C.that D.what

【答案】C

【解析】考點：定語從句。關(guān)系代詞的用法，從句中spend缺少賓語，that 代替先行詞the day充當從句中的賓語。 我永遠不會忘記我在有著很多小房子的舊城里度過的那一天。

(2013,25) Being blind is something _________ most people can’t imagine.

A. whoB. whatC. thatD. whom

【答案】C

【解析】考點：定語從句。關(guān)系詞that在從句中作賓語。失明是大多數(shù)人無法想象的事情。

(2011,23) Who is the man ______ is reading a book over there?

A. thatB. which

C. whoseD. what

【答案】A

【解析】定語從句的用法。句意：那邊正在讀書的人是誰？先行詞man指人，從句中缺少主語，用that。whose做從句的定語。which做引導(dǎo)詞時，先行詞必須指物。

(拱墅區(qū)2014一模,26) ---- Have you found the information ____ you can use for the report?

---- Not yet. I’ll search some online.

A.who B.what C.which D.where

答案】C

【解析】考點：定語從句關(guān)系代詞。先行詞為物，用which或that，這里選C。句意：你找到了可以用于報告的信息了么？