14.1 倒裝句之全部倒裝 14.2 倒裝句之部分倒裝 14.3 以否定詞開頭作部分倒裝 14.4 so, neither, nor作部分倒裝 14.5 only在句首要倒裝的情況 14.6 as, though 引導(dǎo)的倒裝句 14.7 其他部分倒裝 一、 當(dāng)only修飾副詞、介詞短語或狀語從句置于句首時要用倒裝,將相應(yīng)的助動詞放到主語之前。例如:
1. Only by practising a few hours every day _____ be able to use it. A. you can B. can you C. you will D. will you 二、 否定副詞not, never, seldom, little, hardly, scarcely, nowhere, few, not until等位于句首時,句子要倒裝。例如: 2. Not a single song _____ at yesterday’s party. A. she sang B. sang she C. did she sing D. she did sang 3. Seldom _____ any mistakes during my past few years of working here. A. would I make B. did I make C. I did make D. shall I make 4. Not until I began to work _____ how much time I had wasted. A. didn’t I realize B. did I realize C. I didn’ t realize D. I realize 三、 副詞so放在句首,表示前面肯定句中所說的情況也適用于另外一個人時,句子要倒裝;當(dāng)neither,nor在句首,表示前面的否定也適用于另外一個人時句子要倒裝;so, nor, neither表示相同概念的肯定或否定時,句子也要倒裝。例如: 5. My brother had a bad cold last week, and so _____. A. did I B. had I C. was I D. I did 6. “Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother?” “I didn’t know, _____.” A. nor don’t I care B. nor do I care C. I don’t care neither D. I don’t care also 7. He is a good student, and works very hard, _____. A. so it is with her B. so does she C. so is he D. neither does she 四、 含有否定意義的連詞置于句首,如no sooner…than…, neither…nor, hardly…when…, scarcely…when…, not…until…等需要倒裝。例如: 8. _____ entered the office when he realized that he had forgotten his report. A. He hardly had B. Had he hardly C. Hardly had he D. Hardly he had 五、 以here, how, there, then等副詞位于句首時,要倒裝。例如: 9. Then _____ the Civil War. A. did follow B. followed C. does follow D. following 六、 有些介詞短語如at no time, in no case, by no means, many a time, only in this way放在句首時要倒裝。例如: 10. Many a time _____ swimming alone. A. the boy went B. went the boy C. did the boy go D. did go the boy 11. Only in this way _____ the problems. A. you can solve B. can you solve C. you solve D. did you solve 七、 虛擬語氣的條件從句中,省略了if后,had, were, should等放在條件句主語前,形成倒裝。例如: 12. _____ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off visiting Beijing. A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will 八、 由as, though, however構(gòu)成的讓步狀語從句,從句要倒裝,一般結(jié)構(gòu)為:形容詞(副詞或名詞等)+as/though/however+主語+謂語。例如: 13. _____ , mother will wait for him to have dinner together. A. However late is he B. However he is late C. However is he late D. Late, however, he is 答案:1. B 2. C 3. B 4. B 5. A 6. B 7. B 8. C 9. B 10. C 11. B 12. A 13. D 倒裝句的種類 當(dāng)主語在謂語前出現(xiàn)時叫順序。在某些情況下,我們可以把謂語 成分放在主語前面,這種詞序叫做倒裝。 倒裝分兩種:語法倒裝和強(qiáng)調(diào)語勢倒裝。 語法倒裝 語法上的倒裝句是強(qiáng)制性的,包括下列 7 種: 1. 疑問句,如: Can you do it? How old are you? When did you know him? 但疑問代詞做主語時,不必倒置,如: Who is your English teacher? What happened last night? 2. 表示“愿望”的句子,如: May God bless you. Long live the king! 3. There”引導(dǎo)的句子,如: There are many cars on the road. There is a security guard outside the bank. 4. 感嘆句,如: How beautiful the flower is! What a smart boy you are! 5. 連接詞“so, neither, nor”的句子,如: Mary can ride a bicycle; so can I. He can't sing; neither can she. Tom has never been late; nor have I. 6. 省略連詞“if”的條件副詞分句,如: Were I you, I would not do such a thing. Should the machine break down again, send it back to us. Had you worked harder, you would have passed. 7. “as, however”連接的讓步副詞分句,如: Small as the pen is, it is a powerful weapon. However busy you are, you should spend some time on it. 強(qiáng)調(diào)倒裝句 把表示否定的副詞或副詞短語提到句前;-是把副詞虛助詞提前: Never have I seen such a wicked man. On no account must this employee be fired. Not until he told me had I heard anything of it. No sooner had I left than the rain came. Up jumped the puppy. In came John. Down fell the rotten branches from the tree. Out came a woman and her maid. 引起倒裝的情況多種多樣,倒裝的表現(xiàn)形式大體有下列幾種: 1.在疑問句中 例1:How are you getting along with your work? 例2:Is this report written in detail? 注:如疑問詞作主語或者作定語修飾主語時,不發(fā)生倒裝。 2.在there be 及其類似結(jié)構(gòu)中 例1:There are forty students in our class. 例2:There seem to be still some elements undiscovered yet. 例3:There stands a bridge across the river. 3.在表示祝愿的句子中 例1:Long live the People’s Republic of China! 例2:May you succeed! 例3:Dog-tired though they were, they continued to march on. 4.在省略if 的虛擬語氣條件狀語從句中 這類句子中有were, had, should等詞時,把were, had或should置于句首。 例1:Were there no air or water, there would be no life in the world. 例2:Had you been more careful, such spelling mistakes might have been avoided. 5.在so, nor, neither或no more開頭的句子中 此類句子通常表示前面一句話中的謂語所說明的情況,也適用于另一句中的主語。例如: 1)This problem is not difficult and neither is that one. 2)Coal is under the ground in some places, and so is oil. 6.在以具有否定意義的副詞、連詞及詞組開頭的句子中 這些詞和詞組通常有:rarely, never, scarcely, no sooner, little, few, hardly, seldom, at no time, in no way, on no account, nowhere, nobody, not only等。例如: 1)Visit our stores. Nowhere else will you find such magnificent bargains. 2)Hardly had he finished his work when the telephone rang. 3)Not only did he complain about the food, he also refused to pay for it. 4)Little did we think his speech had made so deep an impression on his audience. 7.在強(qiáng)調(diào)表語時 例1:Worst of all were the humiliations. 例2:Such is the case. 8.在強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語時 例1:Still greater contributions should we make to our socialist construction. 例2:Useful chemical fertilizer can we make from the waste liquid. 注:當(dāng)前置賓語由“not a +名詞”或者“not a single +名詞”構(gòu)成時,也會引起倒裝。例如: Alice had a terrible time touring that country. Not a day did she spend without having some unpleasantness with waiters in the hotel. 9.在強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語時 (1)當(dāng)句首狀語為方位詞或擬聲詞,謂語動詞為go, come等表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動詞時句子須倒裝。例如: 1)Up went the plane. 2)In came the chairman and the meeting began. 注:如果主語是代詞則不發(fā)生倒裝。例如: 1)Out they rushed! 2)Lower and lower he bent. (2) 當(dāng)句首狀語為表示地點(diǎn)的介詞詞組時,句子須倒裝。例如: 1)Round the corner walked a large policeman. 2)Under the table was lying a half-conscious young man. (3)當(dāng)句首狀語由“only +副詞”,“only +介詞詞組”,“only +狀語從句”構(gòu)成時,句子須倒裝。例如: 1)Only yesterday did he find out that his watch was missing. 2)Only because there were some cancelled bookings did he get some tickets in the end. (4)當(dāng)句首狀語為here, there, now, then等時,句子須倒裝,主語是代詞時,句子不用倒裝。例如: 1)Here is a ticket for you. 2)Now comes your turn. 3)Here he comes. (5)以關(guān)聯(lián)詞so (…that)開頭的句子中,句子須倒裝。例如: 1)So small was the mark that I could hardly see it. 2)So quickly did the workmen finish their work that they were given a bonus. 3)So much does he worry about his financial position that he can’t sleep at night. 注:在該結(jié)構(gòu)中,“so +形容詞”是表語的前置;“so +副詞”是狀語的前置。 10.在直接引語之后 在敘事性書面語中,直接引語后常跟asked Mary, answered John, said the old lady, grunted Peter之類的詞語。在這些詞語中,動詞常的主語之前,主語是代詞時,不用倒裝。例如: 1)“What do you mean?” asked Henry. 2)“What do you mean?” he asked. 11. often, many a time等表示頻度的狀語置于句首時 例如:Often did they think of going there, but they never had a chance. 12.在as, though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中 在as, though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中,一般將形容詞、副詞或名詞等置于句首。例如: 1)Small as the atom is, we can smash it. 2)Big as the workpiece is, it is turned out with 一、so…that結(jié)構(gòu)中的部分倒裝 So strange did she look that everyone stared at her. So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him. So little did I know about philosophy that the lecture was completely beyond me. 二、表語置于句首引起的倒裝 當(dāng)表語置于句首時,常引起倒裝,把系動詞置于主語之前。作表語的可以是形容詞、介詞短語、分詞等。 【例如】 Very important in the peasants’ life is the TV weather report. Bright, very bright were the stars over the wild, dark hills. Present at the meeting were Professor Smith, Sir Hugh and many other celebrities. Especially popular are the musical and theatrical groups. On either side of the road were rows of fruit trees. Near the southern end of the village was a large peach orchard. Seated on the ground are as groups of young men playing horse head fiddle. Scattered like stars in the deep mountains are numerous reservoirs and ponds. Visiting the Great Wall were 200 American college students. 三、否定意義副詞引起的倒裝 英語中含有否定意義的副詞與詞組有never,seldom,few,little, barely,hardly,scarcely,rarely, nowhere, by no means, under no circumstances, in no way, at no time, in no case, in vain, not until等。 Nowhere could the homeless girl go in the cold winter. Under no circumstances shall I change my attitude towards work. Never before has the mass of the people been so inspired, so militant and so daring as at present. No sooner had I gone to sleep than someone telephoned. Not until Columbus discovered the new land, were bananas brought to Europe. Scarcely had we reached home when it began to rain. Not only did they present a musical performance but they also gave a brief introduction to the history of western brass instrument. 四、讓步狀語從句中的倒裝 1)讓步狀語從句中的倒裝形式為:強(qiáng)調(diào)對象+as/though+主語+其它部分,強(qiáng)調(diào)對象可以是表語(名詞,形容詞)或狀語(副詞)。表語為名詞時,前面通常不用冠詞。 Tired as he is, he goes on with his work. Much as he likes her, he does get irritated with her sometimes. Child as he is, he knows how to please the others. 2) be+主語+or連接的兩個表語。這個句型相當(dāng)于whether…or…引導(dǎo)的讓步從句。 Be it cheap or dear, I will take it. We should put our energysintosour work, be it mental like the work of a scientist or physical like the work of a smith. 五、讓步狀語從句中的倒裝 1)讓步狀語從句中的倒裝形式為:強(qiáng)調(diào)對象+as/though+主語+其它部分,強(qiáng)調(diào)對象可以是表語(名詞,形容詞)或狀語(副詞)。表語為名詞時,前面通常不用冠詞。 Tired as he is, he goes on with his work. Much as he likes her, he does get irritated with her sometimes. Child as he is, he knows how to please the others. 2) be+主語+or連接的兩個表語。這個句型相當(dāng)于whether…or…引導(dǎo)的讓步從句。 Be it cheap or dear, I will take it. We should put our energysintosour work, be it mental like the work of a scientist or physical like the work of a smith. 五、以only引導(dǎo)狀語位于句首引起的倒裝 Only by shouting at the top of his voice was he able to make himself heard. Only in this way can we achieve what we want. Only in each afternoon does the university library open. Only under special circumstances ____to take make up tests. A) are freshmen permitted B) permitted are freshmen C) freshmen are permitted D) are permitted freshmen Only加狀語位于句首,句子用倒裝語序,故答案為A。 六、由so/nor/neither引起的倒裝 該句式表明與前面的情況一致。前面為肯定句,用so引導(dǎo),否定句用nor或neither引導(dǎo)。 Society has changed and so have the people in it. Yesterday I went shopping, so did my best friend. The organization had broken no rules, but neither had it acted responsibly. He didn’t want to apologize for his mistake, neither/nor did his assistant. 1.注意分清哪些情況要采用倒裝: ①down, up, in, out, away等表示位置移動的副詞位于句首時;②表示時間、地點(diǎn)的副詞或介詞短語位于句首時;not, never, hardly, seldom, little, scarcely, neither, nor等否定詞位于句首時;③用作頻率狀語的副詞often, always,every,other day,以及程度副詞so或表示“也”的so位于句首時;④only位于句首修飾狀語時;⑤as位于句首引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時;⑥虛擬條件句省略if時。例如: Out rushed the children. Look! Here come the bus! Often do I go there with them. So busy is she that she has no time to spare. Were I you, I would take the position in that company. 2. 注意幾個容易出錯的場合: ①Not until位于句首引導(dǎo)狀語從句,或only位于句首修飾狀語從句時,從句不倒裝,主句倒裝。例如: Not until he was eight, did he go to school. Only when the war was over was he able to get happily back to work. ②以下情況的主謂都不倒裝:表示時間、地點(diǎn)、方位的副詞位于句首,其主語是人稱代詞時;so位于句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時;only位于句首不修飾狀語或狀語從句時。例如: Out he rushed. She is very beautiful and so she is. Only this way can improve your English. ③as位于句首引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時主謂不倒裝,只須把表語提到as前,且作表語的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞提到主語前時不帶冠詞。例如: Tired as he felt, he kept on working. Child as he was, he could work out the problem. 3.注意完全倒裝句的特點(diǎn): ①謂語是系動詞;②主語是名詞,謂語是不及物動詞,如go, lie, com, run等;③句首是表示時間、地點(diǎn)、方向、方式的副詞或介詞短語,謂語是系動詞或半系動詞。例如: On went her old brown jacket. Down came the long brown waves! Between Britain and Ireland, in the Irish Sea, lies the small Isle of Man. |
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