六：句型專項(xiàng)歸類

1、  肯定句：是指用肯定的語氣來陳述的句子，如：I’m a student.    She is a doctor.    He works in a hospital. 

There are four fans in our classroom.        He will eat lunch at 12:00.       I watched TV yesterday evening.

2、否定句：含有否定詞或表示否定意義詞的句子，如：I’m not a student.      She is not (isn’t) a doctor. 

He does not (doesn’t) work in a hospital.      There are not (aren’t) four fans in our classroom.  

He will not (won’t) eat lunch at 12:00.        I did not (didn’t) watch TV yesterday evening.

☆注意☆ 小結(jié)：否定句主要是在肯定句的基礎(chǔ)上加上了否定詞 “not”。有動(dòng)詞be的句子則“not”加在be后面，可縮寫成“isn’t，aren’t”，但am not 一般都分開寫。沒有動(dòng)詞be的句子則要先在主要?jiǎng)釉~的前面加上一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞（do，does，did），然后在它后面加上“not”，你也可以把它們縮寫在一起如“don’t , doesn’t , didn’t ）。這三個(gè)助動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)人稱和時(shí)態(tài)來選擇，其中“does”只用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)的情況，而“did”只用于一般過去時(shí)，不論主語是什么人稱和數(shù)，都用“did” 。

3、一般疑問句：是指詢問事實(shí)的句子，此類句子必須用“yes”，或“no”來回答。

如：Are you a student? Yes, I am / No, I’m not. 

Is she a doctor? Yes, she is. / No, she isn’t. 

Does he work in a hospital? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t. 

Are there four fans in our classroom? Yes, there are. / No, there aren’t.

Are you going to buy a comic book tonight?  Yes, I am. / No, I am not. (Yes, we are. / No, we aren’t.)

Will he eat lunch at 12:00? Yes, I will. / No, I will not(won’t).

Are they swimming? Yes, they are. / No, they aren’t.

Did you watch TV yesterday evening? Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t.

☆注意☆ 小結(jié)：一般疑問句是在肯定句的基礎(chǔ)上，

①把動(dòng)詞be調(diào)到首位，其他照寫，末尾標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)變成問號(hào)即可。

②沒有動(dòng)詞be的句子則要在句首加上一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞（do，does，did）再把緊跟在后面的動(dòng)詞變回原形，末尾標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)變成問號(hào)即可。

這三個(gè)助動(dòng)詞也要根據(jù)人稱和時(shí)態(tài)來選擇，其中“does”只用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)的情況，而“did”只用于一般過去時(shí)，不論主語是什么人稱和數(shù)，都用“did” 。一般疑問句有個(gè)重要的原則就是問和答要一致，即問句里的第一個(gè)單詞（助動(dòng)詞）和簡(jiǎn)略答句里的這個(gè)詞是一致的。

4、特殊疑問句：以特殊疑問詞（what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等）開頭引導(dǎo)的句子。此類句子應(yīng)該問什么就答什么，不能用“yes 、no”來回答。如：

What is this?  It’s a computer.

What does he do?  He’s a doctor.

Where are you going?  I’m going to Beijing.

Who played football with you yesterday afternoon?  Mike.

Which season do you like best?  Summer.

When do you usually get up?  I usually get up at 6:30.

Whose skirt is this?  It’s Amy’s.

Why do you like spring best?  Because I can plant trees.

How are you?  I’m fine. / I’m happy.

How did you go to Xinjiang?  I went to Xinjiang by train.

☆其中how又可以和其他一些形容詞連用組成特殊疑問詞組用來提問，如： how many（多少(數(shù)量)）,  how much（多少(錢)）, how tall（多高）, how long（多長(zhǎng)）,  how big（多大）,  how heavy（多重）

例句：How many pencils do you have? I have three pencils.

How many girls can you see? I can see four girls.

How many desks are there in your classroom? There are 51.

☆小結(jié)：how many 用來提問可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量，主要有以上三種句式搭配，

How many + 名詞復(fù)數(shù) + do you have?   你有多少……？

How many + 名詞復(fù)數(shù) + can you see?   你能看見多少……？

How many + 名詞復(fù)數(shù) + are there…?    有多少……？