定語從句的講解

在復合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句,故定語從句起的作用就是修飾, 限定的作用．單個的詞作定語時要放于被修飾詞的前面，短語或從句作定語時要放于被修飾詞的后面。

---A girl

---She is a girl.

---She is a beautiful girl. （單個的詞作定語時要放于被修飾詞的前面）

---she is a girl dressed in red (短語作定語時要放于被修飾詞的后面。)

---She is a beautiful girl who study very well(從句作定語時要放于被修飾詞的后面。)

在主句中被修飾的這個詞叫先行詞，把主從句連接起來的叫引導詞，緊跟引導詞的叫定語從句．如:

He is a  handsome worker who likes singing songs.     

                  (先行詞)         （引導詞）　(定語從句)

 其中引導詞又包括關系代詞 :who﹑whom﹑that﹑which﹑whose 和關系副詞when, where, why

先講關系代詞的用法:

例 1. The man that/who gave you the talk yesterday is our teacher.

 指人: that/who (主語)

例2: The boy who/whom/that the nurse is looking after is my friend

指人: who/whom/that(賓語,可省略)

例3: The car that/which is red was damaged yesterday.

指物: that/which (主語)

例4: The question that/which I don’t understand is about grammar.

指物: that/which (賓語,可省略)

例5. Yesterday she talked with one woman  whose  husband died in that accident.

關系代詞表示先行詞的所屬關系，指人和物時都用whose,可理解為“…的”

that和which在指物的情況下一般都可以互換, 但在下列情況下, 一般用that而不用which。

(1)當先行詞是all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等不定代詞時或被all, every, no, some, any, little, much, few, only等修飾時.

如: I’ve read all the books that are not mine.

    I am sure she has something (that) you can  borrow.

(2) 先行詞被序數(shù)詞或最高級修飾時。

如: 2)This is the first book (that) he has read.

    This is the best place (that) we have visited.

(3)先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last,　just the等修飾時。 

如: This is the very book that belongs to him.

    He is just the person (that) we are looking for.

(4)當并列的兩個先行詞分別表示人或物, 用關系代詞that

如: We were deeply impressed by the teachers and  the schools that we had visited there.

(5)  先行詞是who或which引導的主句。

如: Who that broke the window will be punished.

    Which is the book that you bought last week?

(6)  當先行詞在定語從句中作be表語時，關系代詞用that.

 如: China is no longer the country that it used to be.

    She isn’t the girl that she was 10 years ago.

(7)在there be 句型中,通常用that而不用which

如: There are 200 people that didn’t know the thing

關系副詞

例 1:I will never forget the days when we worked together

=I will never forget the days during which we worked together

when引導的定語從句修飾表示時間的名詞,并在定語從句中作時間狀語,相當于“介詞+關系代詞(which)”。

比較:I will never forget the days ____I spent in the school

A.   When   B. in which    C.  that   D. where

講解:先行詞為,所以很多同學根據(jù)例1,很容易選擇A或B可根所句子成分知, 此句中應選C,因為days在定語從句中作了spend in的賓語,而在上面例1 中作了從句的時間狀語.

例 2:Jiangxi is the city  where I was born

=Jiangxi is the city in which I was born

where引導的定語從句修飾表示地點的名詞, 并在定語從句中作地點狀語, 相當于“介詞+ 關系代詞(which)”。

比較1.:Is this the museum  _____you visited a few days ago?

A. where   B. that   C. on which   D. the one

2. Is this the museum _____the exhibition was held

A. where   B. that    C. on which    D. the one

分析句子成份可中1應選B,因為the museum在從句中作了 的賓語,2應選A ,因為the museum在從句中作了狀語

例 3:Tell me the reason why you were late for class=Tell me the reason for which you were late for class  

why引導的定語從句修飾表示原因的名詞, 并在定語從句中作原因狀語, 相當于“介詞+ 關系代詞(which)”。

比較:I don’t believe the reason _____he has given for his being late．

A.   Why   B.   that   C.  for which   D.one

講解:看the reason,很多同學會選A,但通過分析句子成分可知,從句中give缺少賓語,所以在從句中作賓語,所以應選B