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九年級(jí)上冊(cè)單詞巧記+句型語(yǔ)法剖析 Unit 10 By the time I got outside the bus had
already left 單詞·巧記·典句·考點(diǎn)
【巧記提示】 rush(奔)→rubbish（垃圾） 【經(jīng)典例句】 The children rushed out of the school gate after
school. 放學(xué)后，孩子們爭(zhēng)先恐后得跑出學(xué)校大門。 我的記憶卡 rush
away (off/out）to do sth.沖出去做某事 rush
sth.through匆忙處理 rush
sb.使某人倉(cāng)促行動(dòng) 【活學(xué)活用】1.找出左邊詞組的釋義 1）rush sth.through a.busy hours,usually crowded 2）rush sb. b.handle
sth.quickly 3）rush hours c.make
sb.hurry to do sth. 答案：1）b 2）c 3）a
【巧記提示】 lock(鎖）→clock (鬧鐘) 【經(jīng)典例句】 Lock the stable door after the horse has
been stolen.亡羊補(bǔ)牢。 【考點(diǎn)聚焦】 1）詞組 lock sb.in (out）意思是“把某人鎖在里面（外面）”。如： After
the quarrel,she locked herself in the room and her husband out. 爭(zhēng)吵后，她把自己鎖在房間里，把她丈夫鎖在外面。 2）keep sth.locked 意思是“使某物一直鎖著”。如： You
must keep the box locked. 你必須讓這個(gè)箱子一直是鎖著的。 3）put sth.under lock and key意為“妥善保管某物”。如： You
must put this document under luck and key. 你必須妥善保管這份文件。
【巧記提示】 fool （愚弄）→tool （工具） 【經(jīng)典例句】 If you go on fooling with that gun,there will be an
accident. 如果你繼續(xù)玩弄那槍，就會(huì)發(fā)生意外。 【考點(diǎn)聚焦】 1）fool可以作動(dòng)詞使用。如： He
fooled her out her money.他騙走了她的錢。 2）fool作名詞時(shí)，是“愚人、呆子”的意思。如： make
a fool of sb.愚弄某人，an April fool 一個(gè)愚人節(jié)被愚弄的人 3)其形容詞形式是 foolish，意思是“愚蠢的”。如： How
foolish of you to do that.做那件事情你真傻。 【活學(xué)活用】 2.用fool的適當(dāng)形式填空 Everyone
is not .So don’t try to anyone. 答案：foolish,fool
【巧記提示】 de（down）+scribe（寫） 【經(jīng)典例句】 Words can not describe the beauty of the scene. 這美景無法用語(yǔ)言描述。 【考點(diǎn)聚焦】 固定搭配： 1）describe sth.for(to）sb.將某事描述給某人 Can
you describe it for me?你能把它描述給我聽嗎？ 2）describe as 說（某人或某物）有某種性質(zhì) He
described himself as a doctor.他稱他自己是個(gè)醫(yī)生。 【活學(xué)活用】 3.（2010連云港模擬）The US describes itself the Savior(救世主). A.as B.for C.in D.with 答案：A
【巧記提示】 con（加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣）+vince（克服；征服） 【經(jīng)典例句】 I’m convinced of his honesty.我深信他的誠(chéng)實(shí)。 【考點(diǎn)聚焦】 1）掌握詞組convince sb.of 使某人相信 We
couldn’t convince him of his mistake. 我們無法使他明白他的錯(cuò)誤。 2）其形容詞形式是convincing，意思是“令人信服的”。如： His
words are convincing.他的話令人信服。
【巧記提示】 marry （結(jié)婚）→Mary （瑪麗） 【經(jīng)典例句】 She dreamed to marry off all her daughters. 她夢(mèng)想把她的女兒都嫁出去。 【考點(diǎn)聚焦】 1)“嫁給某人；娶了某人”用 marry sb.來表示，一定記住不需要加 to。 2)固定搭配get married 結(jié)婚
；marry with跟某人結(jié)婚。 【巧記提示】 thrill（激動(dòng)）→chill （打顫） 【經(jīng)典例句】 The film thrilled the audience. 電影給觀眾帶來很大刺激。 【考點(diǎn)聚焦】 1）形容詞thrilling意思是“刺激的”。如： There
was a thrilling finish to the end.最后一段，非常緊張刺激。 2）thrill也可用作名詞，意為 “激動(dòng)”。如： It
gave her quite a thrill to shake hands with the princess. 同公主握手使她倍感興奮。 【活學(xué)活用】 4.用thrilled,thrilling填空 I’m at the news. 答案：thrilled，thrilling
【巧記提示】 embarrass （v.使為難 ）+-ing（形容詞后綴） 【經(jīng)典例句】 Lending money is an
embarrassing problem. 借給別人錢是個(gè)令人為難的問題。 【考點(diǎn)聚焦】 記住embarrassed與embarrassing的區(qū)別： embarrassed形容人的感受，embarrassing修飾事情。如： His
embarrassing words made everyone embarrassed. 他那令人窘迫的話使每個(gè)人都感到窘迫。 He
stays embarrassed by lack of money.他因缺錢而窘迫。 短語(yǔ)·巧記·典句·考點(diǎn) go off （鬧鐘）響 【經(jīng)典例句】 He kept lying in bed in spite
of the going off of the clock. 盡管鬧鐘響了，他仍然躺在床上。 【考點(diǎn)聚焦】 記住go off的其他意思： 1）表示“槍支走火”。如： The
gun went off by accident.這槍走火了。 2）表示“食物變質(zhì)”。如： The
food has started to go off.食物開始變質(zhì)。 3）
表示“暈迷”。如： She
went off into a faint.她昏倒暈迷過去。 4）表示“貨物賣完”。如： The
goods went off quickly.貨物很快就賣完了。 【活學(xué)活用】 5.判斷下列各句中go off的意思 1）Sorry,the clothes you want have gone off. 2）In summer,meat is easy to go off. 3）Listen! The clock is going off. 答案： 1）賣完 2）變質(zhì) 3）鬧響 break down 損壞；
壞掉 【經(jīng)典例句】 What was worse,my car broke down. 更糟糕的是，我的車拋錨了。 【考點(diǎn)聚焦】 掌握break down的其他含義和用法： 1）表示“計(jì)劃失敗”。如： Our
plan broke down.我們的計(jì)劃失敗了。 2)表示“身體、精神衰弱”。如： His
health broke down.他的身體衰弱了。 3)表示“情緒失控”。如： She
broke down when she heard the bad news. 她聽了那個(gè)消息大哭起來。 4）表示“機(jī)器壞掉，壞毛病”。如： There
was a breakdown on the railway and the trains were delayed. 鐵軌出了毛病，火車延誤了。 【活學(xué)活用】 6.（2010寧夏模擬）His health . A.turned down B.broke down C.fell down D.came down 答案:B set off 激起；引起 【經(jīng)典例句】 Panic set off across the whole country. 整個(gè)國(guó)家陷入恐慌中。 【考點(diǎn)聚焦】 詞組set off還有“出發(fā)”之意。如： They
set off on a rainy night. 在一個(gè)下著雨的晚上，他們出發(fā)了。 show up 出席；露面 【經(jīng)典例句】 She never show up at balls.她從不在舞會(huì)上露面。 【考點(diǎn)聚焦】 請(qǐng)注意show 作動(dòng)詞，意為“出示”時(shí)的使用。如： Please
show me your tickets.請(qǐng)把你的票給我看看。 句子·剖析·拓展 In 1938,a radio program by actor Orson
Welles announced that aliens from marts had landed on the Earth. 1938年，演員奧森·韋爾斯主持的一個(gè)收音機(jī)節(jié)目宣稱，來自火星的外星人已經(jīng)在地球上登陸。 【剖析】 1）這是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，主句是a radio program by actor Orson Welles
announced。從句是that aliens from marts had
landed on the Earth. 2）介詞短語(yǔ)by actor Orson Welles作定語(yǔ)，限定前面的a radio program。 He described where they had landed and
told how they were moving across the United States. 他描述了外星人登陸的地方，并告訴人們，外星人將在美國(guó)如何移動(dòng)。 【剖析】 1)這是一個(gè)含有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句的句子，兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句的主句的主語(yǔ)都是He。 2）第一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句的主句是He described，從句是where they had landed； 第二個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句的主句是He told,從句是how they were moving across the United
States。 語(yǔ)法·剖析 過去完成時(shí)態(tài) 過去完成時(shí)態(tài)表示在過去某一時(shí)間以前已經(jīng)發(fā)生了的動(dòng)作，即發(fā)生在“過去的過去”。 構(gòu)成 過去完成時(shí)由“助動(dòng)詞had（通用于各種人稱和數(shù)）+過去分詞構(gòu)成。 用法 過去完成時(shí)表示在過去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作。主要表示過去某時(shí)前已發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況（也可說是“過去的過去”）。與by、before等構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)連用。 陳述句 主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞had (通用于各種人稱和數(shù))＋過去分詞 They had already had breakfast before
they arrived at the hotel. 在他們到達(dá)旅館之前，他們已經(jīng)吃早飯了。 從句中arrived at到達(dá)在“過去”的時(shí)間，而had already had吃早飯的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在到達(dá)之前，因此主句的時(shí)態(tài)為“過去的過去”。如： I had finished writing my composition by
10:00 this morning. 今天上午10：00點(diǎn)以前，我已經(jīng)寫完了我的作文。 She had searched the Internet for two
hours when she found an ad for the Canon digital camera. 當(dāng)她找到了佳能數(shù)碼照相機(jī)的廣告時(shí)，她已經(jīng)在因特網(wǎng)上查詢了兩個(gè)小時(shí)。 I went over what I had written again and
again so that I wouldn’t make any mistakes. 我一遍又一遍地檢查了我所寫的內(nèi)容，以至我沒有出現(xiàn)任何錯(cuò)誤。 否定句 主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞had (通用于各種人稱和數(shù))+not＋過去分詞 He said that he had not seen such a
beautiful bird before. 他說他以前從來沒有看過這樣美麗的鳥。 疑問句 助動(dòng)詞had (通用于各種人稱和數(shù))+主語(yǔ)＋過去分詞？ How many English flushed had you seen by
the end of last term? 到上學(xué)期期末為止，你們看了多少部英文片？ Had you reached the station before ten
o’clock? 到十點(diǎn)以前，你們已經(jīng)到達(dá)火車站了嗎？ 注：如果時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在前，則從句用過去完成時(shí)，主句用一般過去時(shí)。如： When he had finished his work,he left his
office. After I had done my homework,I went to
bed. 巧學(xué)過去時(shí) 過去完成時(shí)態(tài)不算難 形式要向完成時(shí)態(tài)看 Have變成had不怠慢 斷定過去之前是關(guān)鍵 典題精講 （2010陜西）Dolphins
are not fish.They are mammals(哺乳動(dòng)物).They live in groups and
speak to each other in their own language.But they are quite different from
almost all land animals.Their brain(大腦）is as big as men’s and they
live a long life—at least 20 or 30 years. Like some animals,dolphins use sounds to
help them find their way around.They also use these sounds to talk to each
other and to help them find food.They do not use their ears to receive
sounds,but use the jaw—the lower part of the mouth. It is strange that dolphins are friendly
to men,and for thousands of years,there are many stories about dolphins and men.In the 19th century,in a
dangerous part of the sea near New Zealand,there was a dolphin.Theseamen liked him very much and gave him a
very good name Jack.From 1871 to 1903,Jack met every boat in the area and
showed it the way.In Today,some people still kill dolphins,but
many countries in the world now protect them.In these places, people are not
allowed to kill them. 例1 The word “jaw” in the second paragraph
means in Chinese. A.下顎 B.嘴巴 C.嘴唇 D.鼻子 思路解析：本題是詞義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)文中對(duì)jaw的解釋—the lower part of the mouth可判斷出只有A項(xiàng)含有“下”(lower)的意義。故不能選B、C、D項(xiàng)。答案為A項(xiàng)。 黑色陷井：本題有一處陷阱，即對(duì)jaw—the lower part of the
mouth意義的正確理解。給考生造成干擾，從而誤選B或C項(xiàng)。 例2How do dolphins find their
way? A.They
use their noses to smell the way. B.They
use their ears to hear the sounds. C.They
use their eyes to see the way. D.They
use sounds to find the way. 思路解析：本題是細(xì)節(jié)理解題。此題題意是問“海豚是怎樣探路的？”。根據(jù)文中 “...dolphins use sounds to
help them find their way around.”的信息可知答案為D項(xiàng)。故不能選A、B、C項(xiàng)。 黑色陷井：本題的陷阱有二。一是在于我們所熟悉的動(dòng)物探路的方式：A(螞蟻的探路方式)，B(多種動(dòng)物的探路方式)，C(人的方式)，這些方式給考生造成“先入為主”的干擾，從而誤選A、B或C項(xiàng)；二是選項(xiàng)B對(duì)正確答案的干擾，文中并沒有具體說明是用耳朵探路。 例3 Who was Jack? A.The writer. B.A dolphin. C.A seaman. D.The passenger. 思路解析：本題也是細(xì)節(jié)理解題。此題題意是問“杰克是誰(shuí)？”。根據(jù)文中的信息“...there was a dolphin.The
seamen liked him very much and gave him a very good name Jack.”可知The dolphin is Jack.故不能選A、C、D項(xiàng)。答案為B項(xiàng)。 綠色通道：在閱讀文章時(shí)，不僅要注意有整體把握和理解文章主旨大意的能力，還要注意培養(yǎng)善于捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的能力。因此在閱讀測(cè)試中，細(xì)節(jié)題占了相當(dāng)一部分。 例4 The dolphin guided the ships for about . A.32 years B.9 years C.41 years D.23 years 思路解析：本題是數(shù)字換算題。本題的考點(diǎn)是“杰克為輪船導(dǎo)航多少年？”。從文中“From 1871 to 1903,Jack met every boat in the area and showed it the way.”和“He guided the ships through the area for
nine more years”這兩句及其他信息，我們可換算出32+9=41。故答案為C項(xiàng)。 綠色通道：此類問題一般要求考生能根據(jù)閱讀材料中給出的有關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)，通過計(jì)算，得出正確的結(jié)論。這類計(jì)算一般來說比較簡(jiǎn)單，關(guān)鍵是要弄清各數(shù)據(jù)間的邏輯關(guān)系，選準(zhǔn)要比較的數(shù)據(jù)，弄清單位換算關(guān)系，確定計(jì)算方法，問題便迎刃而解了。通常采用的方法有“列表法”“推算法”等。 例5 According to the passage,which of the
following is NOT right? A.Dolphins
are not fish. B.Dolphins
don’t live in groups. C.Dolphins
are kind and friendly to people. D.Dolphins
can live a long life. 思路解析：本題是依據(jù)細(xì)節(jié)的推理判斷題。短文的第一句就說明了A項(xiàng)是正確的；第二句說明B項(xiàng)是不正確的；從整篇短文我們可以推斷出C項(xiàng)是正確的；從句子“Their brain is as big as men’s and they
live a long life —at least 20 or 30 years.”所包含的信息可知D項(xiàng)也是正確的，故不能選A、C、D項(xiàng)。答案為B項(xiàng)。 黑色陷井：本題有二處陷阱。一是所問問題的理解。有的考生沒有認(rèn)真審題，忽視NOT這個(gè)單詞，從而誤選了A、C、D項(xiàng)中的一項(xiàng)。二是受句子“...but he refused to help the
boat The Penguin.”的誤導(dǎo)、干擾，從而誤選C項(xiàng)。 原創(chuàng)題 閱讀下列文章，然后根據(jù)釋義寫出合適的單詞。 Bird
flu bigger challenge than AIDS The lethal(致命的)strain of bird flu poses a
greater challenge to the world than any infectious(有傳染性的)disease,including AIDS,and has cost 300
million farmers more than $10 billion in its spread through poultry（家禽）around
the world,the World Health Organization said Monday. Scientists also are increasingly worried
that the H5N1 strain could mutate(變異) into a form easily passedbetweenhumans,triggering(觸發(fā))a global pandemic(大疫).It already is unprecedented as an
animal illness in its rapid expansion. 1.illness,sickness
2.fast,quick
3.being
person 4.around
the world 5.farmyard
birds of any kind,such as hens,ducks,etc. 6.beast
creature 參考答案:1.disease 2.rapid 3.human 4.global 5.poultry 6.animal 思路解析：根據(jù)原文中的“The lethal(致命的)strain of bird flu poses a greater
challenge to the world than any infectious(有傳染性的)”可知disease為illness,sickness；人們通過各種媒體對(duì)“禽流感”并不陌生，因此結(jié)合常識(shí)，根據(jù)上下文可知“禽流感”是一種傳播非常快的疾病，所以fast,quick對(duì)應(yīng)的單詞應(yīng)是rapid；being person對(duì)應(yīng)的單詞應(yīng)是humans；around the world對(duì)應(yīng)的單詞應(yīng)是global；farmyard birds of any
kind,such as hens,ducks,etc.是poultry的英語(yǔ)釋義；beast creature是animal的英語(yǔ)釋義。 綠色通道：猜測(cè)詞匯意義是一種重要的閱讀能力。那么如何在閱讀中準(zhǔn)確了解詞匯意義呢？第一要根據(jù)文章的上下文，即語(yǔ)境來進(jìn)行判斷。眾所周知，詞匯意義不可能脫離句子，脫離文章而存在。第二要根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)，即派生、轉(zhuǎn)化和合成來猜測(cè)詞匯意義。第三充分利用文中的關(guān)鍵詞匯或短語(yǔ)，如for example,such
as,namely,that is to say,means等去猜測(cè)詞匯意義。另外，要特別注意用英語(yǔ)去理解詞匯的意義，切忌受漢語(yǔ)的影響。當(dāng)然，真正具備這種能力需要大量的閱讀訓(xùn)練和不斷的積累、總結(jié)和概括。 巧學(xué)法園地 巧記動(dòng)詞后加的不定式不帶to的詞 四看(notice，observe，see，watch)， 三使役(have，let，make)， 二聽(hear，listen to)， 一感覺(feel)。 |
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