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高中英語(yǔ)虛擬語(yǔ)氣語(yǔ)法講解 虛擬語(yǔ)氣是一種動(dòng)詞形式，表示說(shuō)話人的一種愿望，假設(shè)，懷疑，猜測(cè)， 建議等含義，虛擬語(yǔ)氣所表示的含義不是客觀存在的事實(shí)。在條件句中的應(yīng)用，條件句可分為兩類，一類為真實(shí)條件句，一類為非真實(shí)條件句。非真實(shí)條件句表示的是假設(shè)的或?qū)嶋H可能性不大的情況，故采用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 一、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在從句中的使用 虛擬語(yǔ)氣即表達(dá)不可能發(fā)生或與預(yù)期相反的情況。首先我們應(yīng)熟悉它在三種時(shí)態(tài)里的使用情況，這是正確使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的基礎(chǔ)。這三種時(shí)態(tài)是：現(xiàn)在；過(guò)去；將來(lái)。 1、表示現(xiàn)在的虛擬式
If I were a bird, I would fly to you. 如果我是只鳥(niǎo)，我就會(huì)飛到你身邊去。 If it were not for their help, we should be in a very difficult position. 如果不是他們的幫忙，我們就會(huì)處于一個(gè)非常困難的境地。 2、表示過(guò)去的虛擬式
If we had started earlier, we should not have missed the train. 如果我們?cè)缫稽c(diǎn)動(dòng)身的話，就不會(huì)誤車了。 If she hadn’t been ill, she might have come. 如果她不是病了，可能會(huì)來(lái)的 3、表示將來(lái)的虛擬式
If Professor Li should have time tomorrow, we could ask him some questions. 如果李教授明天有空的話，我們可以問(wèn)他點(diǎn)問(wèn)題。 If there should be no air, there would be no living things. 如果沒(méi)有空氣，就不會(huì)有生物。 二、錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間的虛擬句 通常情況下,在非真實(shí)條件句中主句和從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所指時(shí)間是一致的, 但有時(shí)也可能指不同的時(shí)間,這時(shí)要根據(jù)上下文的意思采用不同的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式. If I were you, I would have taken his advice. (從句指現(xiàn)在, 主句指過(guò)去)。 換成我是你，我就會(huì)聽(tīng)從他的建議。 If I had taken my raincoat with me this morning, I would not be wet now. (從句指過(guò)去,主句指現(xiàn)在)。如果我今天早上帶了雨衣，現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)被淋濕了。 If we hadn’t been working hard in the past few years, things wouldn’t be going so smoothly. （從句指過(guò)去，主句指現(xiàn)在）。如果過(guò)去幾年里不努力工作，現(xiàn)在的情況就不會(huì)如此順利了。 If the weather had been more favorable, the crops would be growing still better.（從句指過(guò)去，主句指現(xiàn)在）。如果當(dāng)時(shí)的天氣更好點(diǎn)，現(xiàn)在的莊稼就會(huì)長(zhǎng)得更好。 If we had not got everything ready by now, we should be having a more terrible time tomorrow. （從句指現(xiàn)在，主句指將來(lái)） 如果現(xiàn)在一切還沒(méi)準(zhǔn)備好，明天情況就更糟了。 三、含蓄條件句 有時(shí)假設(shè)的情況并不以條件從句表示出來(lái),二是暗含在上下文中,比如通過(guò)介詞短語(yǔ)來(lái)表示。這些介詞常是：but for, without, otherwise等。如： But for your advice, I could not have done it so successfully. 如果不是聽(tīng)了你的建議，我就不會(huì)做的如此成功。 The change could not have taken place without the open-door policy. 沒(méi)有開(kāi)放的政策，就不會(huì)有如此大的變化。 I was so busy then, Otherwise, I would have told him the answer. 我當(dāng)時(shí)很忙，否則，我就會(huì)把答案告訴他的。 四、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在某些從句中的應(yīng)用 1、wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句（would rather (sooner) 后也是如此） I would rather they came tomorrow. 我寧愿他們明天來(lái)。 How I wish it wasn’t raining now. 如果現(xiàn)在不下雨該多好呀！ I wish I had not been to yesterday’s party. 我要不去參加昨天的宴會(huì)就好了！ 但would rather 后沒(méi)有主語(yǔ)則應(yīng)使用零不定式. 2、suggest, order, demand, propose, command, request, desire, insist 等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句 They demanded that the aggressor troops (should) be withdrawn immediately. 他們要求侵略者立刻撤退。 I propose that we (should) set a deadline for handing in the plan. 我提議應(yīng)該制定一個(gè)交計(jì)劃的最后期限。 3、it is desired, it’s suggested, it’s requested, it was ordered that, it was proposed that, it is necessary that, it is important that, it has been decided that 等之后的主語(yǔ)從句： It is necessary that he (should) be sent there at once. 有必要立刻派他前往。 It’s required that Mr. Lee (should) give a performance at the party. 要求 It’s desired that we (should) get everything ready by tonight. 要求我們?cè)诮裢砬鞍岩磺袦?zhǔn)備好。 4、在suggestion, motion, proposal, order, recommendations, plan, idea 等后面引出的表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中： The order came that all villagers evacuate from the village. 要求所有村民撤退的命令下達(dá)了。 I second Xiao Li’s motion that we set up a special board to tackle the problem. 小李提議成立一個(gè)特別委員會(huì)處理此問(wèn)題，我附議。 5、在下列句型中要用 should +動(dòng)詞原形。如：it is a pity, it is a shame, it is incredible, it is strange, it is no wonder It is a great pity that he should be so conceited. 很可惜，他這個(gè)人竟然這么自大。 It’s strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings. 奇怪的是他竟看不到自己的缺點(diǎn)。 6、as if, as though 引起的從句，其用法同 wish 構(gòu)成的賓語(yǔ)從句一樣 I remember the whole thing as if it happened yesterday. 我清楚地記得這件事就象昨天剛剛發(fā)生的。 It seems as if it were spring already 似乎現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)是春天的樣子了。 7、以 lest, for fear that, in case 引出的從句，動(dòng)詞多用 should + 動(dòng)詞原形，表示 “惟恐”的意思。 He took an umbrella with him lest it should rain. 他帶上雨傘以免下雨。 He burned all the important documents for fear that they should fall into the enemy's hands. 他把所有的重要文件全部燒毀以免落入敵人的手中。 Here’s some money in case you should need it. 這是點(diǎn)錢以免你用地著。 8、在 if only 引出的感嘆句中 If only I hadn’t lost it! 如果我要不丟該多好！ If only I could see him once! 再能看到他一次該有多好！ Oh, if he only knew how we miss him! 噢，希望他能知道我是多么思念他！ 9、在 it is high time that 之后的定語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用過(guò)去式表表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 It is time that we went (should go) to bed. 現(xiàn)在該上床了。 It’s high time that we (should) put an end to this controversy. 現(xiàn)在該是結(jié)束這場(chǎng)爭(zhēng)辯的時(shí)候了。 10、用于expect, believe, think, suspect 等動(dòng)詞的否定或疑問(wèn)形式后的賓語(yǔ)從句中。 I never expected that the new apartment should be so small. 沒(méi)料到這樁新公寓竟這么小。 |
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