一、嘗試用“胸腔輔助送力---—口腔后部發(fā)聲法”背誦念讀26個英文字母，感覺學習標準發(fā)音，直到感覺音準，流利，升降調(diào)式自如為止。
9 s+ [7 a: a) c印刷體：大寫 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z M* P2 M. |6 H# x x4 T) O" Q
小寫 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
: r4 i" {8 R8 c: K9 E' z手寫體傾斜：（注意四線格占格要求）
b* B8 q2 Y4 d% `0 c+ s5 H3 U大寫 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z) G3 O" t: M) J; {/ z3 N! H
小寫 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
' m1 E: o" T% K% P- @6 ^* y[ ei / bi: /si: /di: / i: /ef /dVi: / eitF / ai / dVei / kei / el
* d8 }. [5 ~$ r( |+ ~5 } r! S2 h/em /en /Eu /pi://kju: /B: /es /ti: /ju: / vi: /dQblju: /eks /wai
! e' f& y4 i$ n1 q4 s% A+ Q. L/zi:]
+ @& {- d- |4 S5 S( M7 G+ Y( Cu 先觀察以上字母的讀音，然后，把含有共同元音因素的字母進行分類：
# _4 [/ G( V; W* h9 ?+ Y(1) [ei] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ]( {' `7 b, D" h0 L! P% ?' h b+ g
(2) [i:] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ]
! o: b& ~# ?8 r___[ ] ___[ ]' o$ M6 Q! `1 z6 Y' H6 V1 k9 y
(3) [ai] ___[ ] ___[ ], x4 o/ ] G; r" g$ K1 A
(4) [Eu] ___[ ]% s* d) u$ o) a9 z5 V+ K C
(5) [u:] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ]$ d( ^. a- Z# i/ q: a4 P7 f3 S+ h1 i
(6) [e] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ]
( |+ v q$ P; ~3 Y, w, V F& E8 h(7) [B:] ___[ ]
- {1 @5 o" P. f2 {0 [. B) N; X二、英語中元音和輔音(母音和子音)的分類表
w7 C. e' Q* Z: k* `英語音標（采用口腔后部發(fā)聲法發(fā)音）發(fā)音特征
- f2 Y6 t9 c( |* D+ }& G% h元: J8 ^! V+ Z, {% ]" Y2 {
音*母音 單元音聲帶振動前元音：[i:/ I:] [e] [A]發(fā)音清晰響亮氣流通暢
. P& l( @, v- T+ \中元音：[Q] [E] [E: / \:]
: C9 T- `3 F) ] ^ S9 e- \8 e, P$ p% K后元音：[B:] [C:] [C] [u:]
" P* s3 H6 W) U: s( U. [4 U雙元音振動[ai] [ei] [Ci] [iE] [ZE/ eE] [uE] [au] [Eu]& `% O% t( s& E6 e
輔% M; O' ~5 ^- w$ E1 I
音*子音啞輔音不振動[p][t][k] [f][W][F] [h]
) n1 Y; t& ~6 m5 ] a. z( A, a2 t[tF][tr][ts]發(fā)音含糊晦澀氣流受阻
7 ~, I4 B! l) {& L- u- |& y濁輔音振動[d][g] [v][z][T][V] [r] [dV][dr][dz]% s% d$ ?/ C5 C" S% W- H
[m][n][N] [l]/[l] [w][j ]/ l* e( a) l7 ?( L9 b: g
輔音連綴[pr][pl][br][bl][kr][kl][gr][gl][fr][fl][sn][sl][sk][sp][sw][dw][hw][kw][tw]
( O: v: X6 b/ ]; ^ S: t6 H, E[Wr]
" g+ T$ ]$ Q/ i6 [; P# n[pju:][bju:][tju:][dju:][kju:][gju:][fju:][vju:][lju:][mju:][nju:][hju:][zju
' C& {8 }% V7 v; c. c& L+ \9 {& B6 |三、英語拼音怎么來拼讀：(也就是單詞的音標怎么讀。/與我們漢語拼音很相似)6 ]/ C1 n/ _0 _
（拼讀規(guī)則：以元音為中心劃分音節(jié)，按音節(jié)來拼讀。）7 N" F! r4 G) _3 L
拼讀口訣：元音為中心，劃分音節(jié)、按音節(jié)拼讀；多音節(jié)加重音、多音節(jié)一重多輕發(fā)音，輕音節(jié)怎么輕怎么發(fā)音。重開音節(jié)讀長音，輕/閉音節(jié)讀短音。例子：he[hi:], m; b' C# [6 w' ]
name [neim], table[`teibl], bicycle[`baisikl], teacher[`ti:tFE],' X! K0 A3 S* o, f% j" d9 V
red, cap, and, thank, basket, yellow, umbrella,
5 Z* m3 f- a: b- O; m0 m*****{詳細內(nèi)容見后面第五節(jié)(本材料第8頁)：五、音節(jié)劃分。。。}
* s1 z) W0 T6 ^0 bu 小測試：音標拼讀練習。
' P& v' x8 [9 m3 r E[ai] + [E] →[aiE] [au]+ [E]→ [auE] [h]+ [iE]→ [hiE] [p]+ [ZE]; u5 } d9 v/ e3 ~9 f
→[pZE] [t]+[Ci] →[tCi]
% X7 h3 a2 U" f6 @1 x- Z, f0 D6 r[ei]+ [tF]→ [eitF] [tF] +[ei]→[tFei] [g]+[Eu]→[gEu] [k]+[au]→[kau]
; a( L4 { H& b! y) X[sn]+[Eu]→[snEu]$ P* x4 t6 ^% K0 a! s$ m2 C2 k5 C$ V
[pr]+[au]→[prau] [pl]+[ei]→[plei] [gr]+[i:]→[gri:]
$ x, j9 X3 l9 B' l1 [[gl]+[u:]→[glu:] [kl]+[B:]→[klB:]
8 O0 |- D7 e5 ?2 f; G[kl]+[B:]+→[klB:s] [t]+[u:]+[W]→[tu:W] [br]+[au]+[n]→[braun]& |$ X$ M* d8 _, b# U
[r]+[Q]++[E]→[`rQbE]
! I) W Q) Z5 L a4 V A# X0 n+[B:]++[k]++[t]→[`bB:skit] [t]+[i:]+[tF]+[E]→[`ti:tFE]
8 N N4 ^# [# J8 F" a/ W; d[Q]+[m]+[br]+[e]+[l]+[E]→[Qm`brelE] [bai]+[si]+[kl]→[`baisikl]- T4 e1 P) ]* i6 x4 a4 Y% [2 j% `
[brQ]+[TE]→[`brQTE]. f, ^7 X/ `. m2 E+ {
四、英文字母和常見字母組合的發(fā)音規(guī)則（或一般規(guī)律）：5 U3 w9 ~7 G! @8 ~$ E
1. P8 @+ O" ]1 f* i4 o
為什么要掌握字母和常見字母組合的一般發(fā)音規(guī)律？目的只有一個，讓我們能夠做到------見字讀音、音義結(jié)合。記住詞形、服務拼寫。第二步就是要/ C7 j% h! \1 R2 V' i
反過來，學會語音認字（類似我們的拼音認字），通過多加練習，逐步達到聽音寫字、音義結(jié)合的水平。第三步是形義結(jié)合，練習英語漢語意義對應翻譯。$ s: e/ S2 ^; t$ x8 l u2 ] u8 `* k
例如:
2 B/ n: V8 Y6 n% F1：假如你知道字母組合ee一般發(fā)音是[i:] (規(guī)律), 那么，meet這個單詞就脫口而出了。
) h8 E. D0 [7 G9 y$ P6 c# _1 h$ V單詞(詞形)： meet 詞義：遇見；初次見面/認識；滿足迎合；迎接/出迎。
* [% }& R- [: K7 [[ __-__-__ ] → [ ] 讀音/音標 R4 O3 h0 X/ t6 l; _& ^$ s+ Y
2. 英語26個字母和常見字母組合的一般發(fā)音規(guī)律：（要求熟記于心，脫口而出）0 }" K, N5 y; U. Q( F
總口訣： 元音字母音多變，熟記規(guī)則也不難。輔音字母顯易單，見面就把音來念。# I, z8 p. f3 f0 d- [: i9 e5 A
字母組合固定音，千錘百煉習語感。遇見生詞找規(guī)律，劃分音節(jié)順口連，
! G9 H& j+ Z& A" ]# X元音字母在中間，輔音字母兩邊站，字母組合算一個，熟能生巧難亦簡。
; `7 b& N/ T) n: Q5 x輔音字母發(fā)音小口訣：輔音字母顯易單，見面就把音來念。- _1 |# a. U; [9 ]) U
b發(fā), c發(fā)[k], ci(y) ce多發(fā); 例詞：blue, table, Crisp, class, picture,/ p0 Z/ t. f4 j4 c) [" Q
actor, pencil, bicycle, nice,/ f. S% K, O2 p
d發(fā)[d], f [f], g發(fā)[g] [dV], [V]少見; Sandy, dog, red, fly, coffee,, a3 C K5 Q2 j- c+ u' {
green, egg, orange, garage
3 \ n* v( T6 m- eh [h], j發(fā)[dV], k / l [k] [l]可分連; her, here, his, jeep, Japan,
$ g4 G. G: S5 }) S2 xbook, look, blue, Klan class+ p- U2 }* D7 [
m [m], n [n][N], p [p] q [k] r 發(fā)[r]; meet, am, no, green, thank,0 u1 x) Z# G/ B7 S# G
English, pen, cap, quickly, Crisp,
3 E, q: n* Y7 Y! D- gs 最多和[z], 趨唇[F] [V]也常見; sir, this, sit, is, his, whose, please,
$ c8 n8 u/ j4 p$ ]sure[F], usually[V], pleasure: d0 P! |# d, G- Z- ]/ _
x 發(fā)音剪頭端，[ks]多于[gz]面； six, pencil-box, excuse, exercise; exam,
% O/ s6 C. g- p7 ~' z$ L" U$ R+ a(后接重讀元音)
3 h7 P) Z. k8 }" tt 發(fā)[t], v 發(fā)[v], w 輔音[w]來念； teacher, it, very, voice, river, with,
6 r/ s+ L5 O' f7 bswim, wash, which, white
3 b) C) A L9 Y! P8 Q( P: x# v最后一個字母z，發(fā)好[z]音才算完。zoo, zero, size, puzzle,9 A1 a* c& Y! q3 W* K
輔音字母一見發(fā)音表：
7 C9 U. M2 r+ i5 q) A# ybcdfghjklmn, ? X5 R/ l$ }4 K
[k]cap[d][f][g]egg[h][dV][k][l][m][n]& k! C' l; T0 ^9 j r* ?1 d. k
city [dV] [-l] [N]g/k
) M+ G6 c) W% P/ y/ q7 P y- ktablericebedcoffeeorangehighjeepbook bluemeetnose/ S; Q4 E/ C9 M8 W. }
bluebicycledogflygarbagehelloJapankeepballroompen
# W. i6 G4 F, l) v) M[V]garage table thank
. \' M2 W& s) r% spqrstvwx(y)z( k) K! A8 P+ q( Y" O9 a
[p][k][r]desk[t][v][w][ks][j]yes[z]* W, F% N3 S. n8 B+ ?
[-r][z]easy [gz][ai]my
. J( V5 S- V7 Ppencilquickrose[V]usuallysitvoicewashboxbusyzoo5 B# ?8 R. c* t) k3 _
openquartersorrypleasureteacherinviteswimexamveryzero( R1 u( a8 Q5 p2 ]3 S. }
teacher[F]surelittle quicklyfreeze8 E) h# T5 G2 R8 H$ m( S. H* ^
常見輔音字母組合的發(fā)音口訣： 字母組合固定音，千錘百煉習語感。, A* x7 C- \; a ?, i
wh發(fā)音 [h] 和 [w], th 常發(fā) [W] 和 [T]；
: c. o9 Y. a5 uch/tch多發(fā) [tF], 有時發(fā)音 [F] 或 [k]；
) X3 q% _2 q4 x2 v Zsh [F], ph [f], gh 不發(fā)或發(fā) [f](詞尾)；
8 v) u; A* z! x' Z, B5 Dge\dge 多發(fā) [dV], ck 發(fā) [k], kn [n]; }) t7 r+ K$ w3 T
ng 易發(fā) [N] [Ng], qu發(fā)音 [kw] 和[k]。# x; L T9 m$ P8 s: i% p
wr 發(fā)卷趨 [r], 雙寫分節(jié)不分音。{ 動詞或復數(shù)詞尾s /es, 多發(fā)[z]/ 和[iz]; ts [ts] ds[dz]}: S: t* N5 e: y) @- C8 t9 U' q
例詞：
. M3 i, q' V+ t1 |* dwh發(fā)音 [h] 和 [w],& t1 I8 K* x% e) k/ r4 l& H
wh ---[ ] which, white, what, where, when, why [ ] whose, who,
F" {0 G) [/ f. n9 ?/ nwhole {*whew [hw-]}
( `3 L( Y1 B1 C( I" ~ fth 常發(fā) [W] 和 [T]；th --- [ ] this, that, the, they, with [ ] thank,# g4 y J9 [7 |1 [& I* o7 p
three, tooth, forth, eleventh8 m+ `; O# d; @ K" l) ?
ch/tch多發(fā) [tF], 有時發(fā)音 [F] 或 [k]；
2 U. Y1 @2 T$ e0 {9 }4 x6 N. m(t)ch ---[ ] chicken, chair, child, sandwich, catch, watch) E/ X! m D& i/ d
chase(追趕，追擊，追求),/ l' c5 ?9 I9 k7 z1 j7 v
[ ] ache, headache, chemist [ ] machine[mE`FEn], chaise [Feiz]
+ i7 o3 E# S- g0 V9 @: I! e(帶篷二輪馬車)7 M3 l- f7 L, a% L& h1 v' _) E
sh [F], ph [f], gh 不發(fā)或發(fā) [f](詞尾)； sh ---[ ] shoe, ship, sheep," [9 p4 V5 F( A8 v& G
fish, wash, ash( Z) c. ?: d. C/ V$ v! C# K
ph ---[ ] photo, telephone, phrase gh ---[ ] right, light,
' ~, K/ R) m! s8 _7 F; Z, \daughter [ ] laugh, cough
- a$ p% N' F) v0 w! l/ dge\dge 多發(fā) [dV], ck 發(fā) [k], kn [n];
h% W* L6 a; {6 Y+ y8 i2 J2 b/ Q: x(d)ge ---[ ] orange, page, bridge, fridge, porridge(麥片粥，稀飯)
4 ?) c# E! a! R6 p; N# v5 Bck ---[ ] black, kick, lock, back/ G7 e# [" i5 z- n7 ~* t
kn ---[ ] knife, know, knock, knee(膝蓋), kneel(跪下), knit (編織),9 p. M5 d3 o$ I! A
knob(球形把手, 旋鈕),
. J/ T2 y, g* v [" ?, d( fknack (訣竅), knight(騎士,武士; **《金山游俠》，金山公司出品的游戲修改軟件),# _7 {; J2 J' n4 `' S9 J* W
ng 易發(fā) [N] [Ng], qu發(fā)音 [kw] 和[k]。ng ---[ ] sing, song, long, wing [+ Q, m* N7 s6 z' c+ Z+ b! z
] English, hungry
* ?6 _0 ~9 j) b5 o5 d0 w' Uqu ---[ ] quick, quite(相當，十分), quiet (安靜的，平靜的), quarter, require,
3 V8 k" o' i% n[ ] cheque(支票), unique(唯一，獨有獨特的), technique(技巧),' k" R5 ]/ _5 e
wr 發(fā)卷趨 [r],
' N' C7 Y: R7 S+ G# owr ---[ ] wrong, write, wrap(包，裹), wrist(手腕), wrest(擰，扭),9 p. G6 |6 n# E7 }
wrestle(摔跤), wring(絞，扭)
" \3 y( `4 R2 h H5 i7 V雙寫分節(jié)不分音：miss, apple, egg, sorry, yellow, umbrella {雙寫元音字母：see,
' Z; v0 _' s& { W( dzoo, book}
* K* B+ }. e/ h- R$ a# pts/tes ---[ ] its tail(它的尾巴), two baskets /boats(兩個籃子/小船), my coats
8 i2 ]+ S9 r7 A/shirts (我的上衣/襯衫), three hats(三頂帽子), five cats(五只貓), many
9 E0 j4 C. F e: L( b1 cstreets(許多街道), two packets(兩個包裹/兩包..), some presents/6 @: T& ~2 |: r1 [7 Z0 e3 ]
sweets(一些禮物/糖果), two biscuits (兩塊餅干), a box of chocolates (一包巧克力糖),
, `& @7 A2 l8 e tten minutes (十分鐘), two gates (兩扇大門), in my pockets (在我的口袋里), two
3 ~3 Z! l) H# i, [: s: ~lights /kites (兩個燈 /風箏), two nests (兩個鳥巢/窩), two tea-pots (兩個茶壺),- q6 H9 t/ B4 l- J
some carrots (一些胡蘿卜), What’s this? It’s a pen. sits,
Y& e# X2 {, [( dds/des---[ ] two birds, two hands, English words, their beds, their! J" @- Z* j7 |$ ^; g/ {
heads, two blackboards, goods(商品/貨物),
0 X% d- n: i$ \9 o2 E, w; s! \輔音連綴：pr ---[ ] practice, praise, pray, press, price, proud,' m, H# q- b$ B/ u/ ?+ f
pl---[ ] please, play, plane, plan, place, plain, plenty (豐富, 大量),
& U% N& k% r R3 p. D2 l) R' x0 ypliers (鉗子(如老虎鉗,手鉗,扁嘴鉗等),鑷子),
+ D" m1 Q9 U( e$ Q( z+ yplod(沉重地走, 辛勤工作), plop (撲通落下), plum(李子), plug(插頭,插上),! V& p3 I5 Y% t( `6 x" Y: |( v
br---[ ] brag(吹牛), brake (閘，剎車), brain, break, bread, breed (使)繁殖,
# T, V" j5 W* O& y8 t教養(yǎng), 撫養(yǎng)), brown, bride(新娘),. s) e8 D" d6 P' F4 [: I: b) o* C" o' J
bribe(賄賂, 向…行賄), brush, Q; r X W/ _: l
bl---[ ] black, bleed, blind, blouse, blood, blue,
: m, H! |" w7 @3 Mcr-/kr---[ ] crab(螃蟹), cradle(搖籃), cream, crop, cricket([昆]蟋蟀,* r; M8 B! H8 b( ]
[運動]板球) criticize(批評, 責備), cry,, ~. d' o1 n. \" k8 X
cruel(殘忍的), kraut(泡菜), Kremlin (克里姆林宮),
7 `9 x$ N# i4 T$ a, A- o5 O( O+ S( Ecl-/kl---[ ] class, claim((根據(jù)權利)要求得到, 認領, 聲稱, 主張, 需要) clean, clear,7 T3 _6 a2 { R i
clock, close, click(發(fā)出滴答
* q. i+ L7 m) Z聲,單擊n.滴答聲) , club(俱樂部, 夜總會,), klaxon (高音喇叭/氣笛, 電喇叭), Klan (=Ku6 T% i" H2 P% l1 U4 ` Y5 \
Klux Klan)三K黨)
& G5 N9 ` o. h6 m% ?# A6 N+ wgr---[ ] grade, grass, grape, graceful(優(yōu)雅的，溫文爾雅)，green, great,
1 b! E1 z3 W8 j+ [+ ~) agrief(悲痛, 傷心事, 不幸, 憂傷), grin(露
* l) F6 @8 j( Q3 J1 r齒笑, 裂口笑), groan(呻吟(著說), gruffly (說話或態(tài)度粗暴地, 粗聲地, 生硬地)( n3 M' e$ o3 H( P$ ` F
gl---[ ] glass, glad, gleam (發(fā)微光, 使閃爍), glide(滑行,滑翔), globe(地球儀),' M0 f( f* v- |2 L
glove(手套), glue(膠水/膠合)
/ B, Y" X9 U1 z# {3 B! g6 Vfr---[ ] France, French, free, fresh (新鮮的, 無經(jīng)驗的), frequent (頻繁的),/ V" T4 {$ J9 W* g) l+ {
friend (朋友), fried, fry, frog (青蛙),
, r9 e+ X" g" ~( Q- w9 z, }from(自，從)，front (前面,前線,陣線), fruit (水果, 果實, 果類, 成果), frustrated
" k' I: l* ^) R' b" S7 P5 m, T1 c2 _(感到灰心/失敗的), D A' ~( J1 q! Y' v
fl---[ ] flat, flag, flame(火焰,熱情), flap (拍打, 鼓翼而飛, 飄動), flares
6 J1 T/ M0 T. L(喇叭褲), flash (閃光, 閃現(xiàn), 一瞬間), flea1 `( |$ U- _' Z) U- p
(跳蚤), flee (逃跑, 逃走), fleer (獰笑, 譏笑), flesh (肉,果肉), flinch (畏縮, 退縮,+ R/ ^ D* x& H. K
畏首畏尾), floor (地板，樓層),5 d q) j; x- {
float (漂浮,浮舟,彩車), flood (洪水, 水災, 淹沒, 涌進,涌出) flour (面粉), flow (流動,8 W; s$ H4 g2 R! G9 ?0 g: s" u+ I
(河水)泛濫, 洋溢), flower
+ ~* e1 T0 A% t(花) , flu (流感), fly (飛翔，飛行)，flub (做得不好, 弄糟), fluent (流利的, 流暢的),0 D. |; W, v' p$ z* y7 K7 C0 @3 a4 s) q
sl---[ ] slave (奴隸), slander (誹謗), slaughter (屠宰, 殘殺, 屠殺), sleep
: k, [) s6 a3 J2 K% e5 Y z(睡眠, 睡覺), sleet (下/雨加雪, 下冰雹),
! \: L) J7 u4 d( csleeve (袖子), slice (薄片, 切片), slim (苗條的, 纖細的), slip (滑倒, 失足), slogan
; n* h& U6 V9 T' \5 A5 f(口號, 標語), slow(ly)
7 C5 r/ A9 L4 a6 y5 E# b, \(慢的/地), sly/ slily [slaili](狡猾的/地),
8 [- V4 q6 d" k' M" a. R! B' ssm---[ ] small (小的, 少的), smart (聰明的, 漂亮的, 靈巧地, 時髦地), smarty (=wise; b m/ R* Q! Y; T7 _' w8 y& e8 `
guy自作聰明的人), smell; T' K V4 _- T. g: P1 m+ V* k
(氣味, 臭味, //嗅, 聞到, 散發(fā)(...的)氣味, 有(...的)氣味), smile ((～ at) 微笑), smog
# a- t! q3 `! F& x/ }9 N(煙霧), smoke (n.煙, 煙/ k: g1 g4 l* G9 P* ^
塵, 煙幕//v.抽煙, 吸煙vi.冒煙), smuggle (n.走私, 偷帶v.走私),+ L k: Q5 H/ s) k, Z; V
sn---[ ] snow, snake, snack (吃)快餐/小吃)), snail (蝸牛), snap (猛咬),
( B* {) J1 z/ e; ^2 Y3 v' `- }: {sneer (冷笑,輕蔑的笑), sneeze (打/ 噴嚏),
* W7 |: o0 {9 s! ^1 x$ ysnob /snobling (勢利的年輕人, 勢利小人),
7 K. ^1 u9 Q# e- A7 P! y0 S* Gsk---[ ] skate, skating, skirt, ski (=skee滑雪), skim (掠過, 滑過, 瀏覽),
7 o* h$ l3 ] |/ h8 X7 P* S$ ]6 L9 bskin (皮膚, 獸皮, 皮毛), skint (身無分文' a- ?" H$ S$ Z- T
的, 窮光蛋的), skip (跳, 蹦,跳讀), sky-blue (天藍色的, 淡藍色, 蔚藍色)
$ \' ~- C; [% c4 D1 Ysp---[ ] space (空間, 間隔, 距離, 空地, 余地), spade (鏟, 鐵鍬), Spain (西班牙),
# k) @. V$ S9 ?; D4 xspare (多余的, 剩下的/分讓給),: d/ i; c' i2 O2 b
spell, speak (說話, 談話, 發(fā)言, 演講, 說明事實, 表示意見,操(某種語言)), spear ([spiE]矛,
$ Z( b* k4 f V槍), specific ([spi`sifik]特效藥, 詳細而精確的, 明確的), spice (香料, 調(diào)味品,情趣),
! H7 o( w: L7 O" [spider (蜘蛛), sport(運動,運動會), spume [spju:m](n.泡沫v.(使)起泡沫), spumous
4 _1 U: h& L" M# q! y# n) O(adj.起泡沫的, 泡沫狀的), spur[spE:](n.踢馬剌, 剌激物v.鞭策), sputter1 Q4 [, |: d/ G* i- l
[`spQtE](n.vi.vt.說話急快/唾沫飛濺/飛濺出/噴濺聲), sputum [spju:tEm](唾液, 痰), spy
- n2 F/ T$ q9 ?8 B) p! E$ ?7 C5 K% Z(特工, 間諜, 偵探,//秘密偵察),1 e+ W0 n2 H4 a. G& j- Z
st---[ ] stand, stamp (郵票, 跺(腳), 頓(足)), stage (舞臺,戲劇,舉行), star (星,
9 Y5 g/ B6 r: }' H: X恒星, 明星, 名角), start (動身,開始,著手
0 B5 W: G$ k" ?' Y& o驚動,驚起,起動,發(fā)動), staff (棒, 杖, 桿, 支柱, 全體職員), stadium (露天運動場/體育場),( ^0 M' _! \. { [3 D) I9 E. `& e
step, steep(陡峭的), stick (棍, 棒, 手杖/粘住, 粘貼), stop, student,
( a, ~, I3 B/ I7 Y- J0 @ Q+ v8 Ustupid (愚蠢的, 麻木的), stupidity (蠢事,糊涂事), stutter (口吃, 結(jié)結(jié)巴巴的說), style" p& A# D1 g0 k& W
(風格, 時尚, 文體), |* \" j; r. }& s8 Z. ?
sw---[ ] swab ([swCb]n.拖把, 藥簽,vt. 拭抹, 擦洗), swag(搖晃, 水潭,垂花飾),8 h6 U& V5 P7 `. ]
swear(宣誓, 發(fā)誓), sweat(n/v.(使)出汗),+ t" t" E v- L' m" [8 {
sweater(厚運動衫, 毛線衫), sweep(掃, 打掃, 清掃, 席卷, 沖光), sweepup(n.大掃除),+ I) U Y7 q, {8 D
sweet(甜的, 可受的, 美好的, 芳香的/n. 糖果),swim (swam,swum), swing (swang,
; _9 ]9 ?3 K7 C! o6 P6 ~2 kswung,秋千, 搖擺, 擺動), swicky([美]威士忌酒), swig(n/v.痛飲, 大喝特喝(尤指從瓶口喝的)),
* @0 j; A+ a8 r, yswiftly(迅速地, 敏捷地), swindle (sb of…騙走某人的), swob(拖把, 海棉),
- a' H: B; E' ` ?9 @! C" |9 tswobble(大口地吃), swoon(vi.昏暈, 昏厥驚訝, 酣睡n.狂喜, 陶醉), swoop(n.突然下降,: P+ \" G5 w9 F8 [, M
猛撲vt攫取vi.飛撲, 突然襲擊), sword(劍), swot(at../ for../up;
# w7 L/ ^- y' y4 A' evi.用功讀書vt.用功學習n.苦讀的人, 辛苦的工作),
9 c7 {% E, e6 z0 M; Wdw---[ ] dwarf ([dwC:f]n.矮子, 侏儒v.(使)變矮小), dwell(at../in...居住
2 @/ U1 |" {( ?8 N9 E9 F停留于;on../upon..細想, 詳述),& B f V5 C+ k& x& X1 v
tw---[ ] twelve, twelfth, twenty, twentieth, twain ([twein]n.兩, 雙,9 w6 K7 x# _7 s
二, 一對), twin(s), twig ([twig]n.嫩枝, 小& I% e; I" Y/ s
枝, 末梢), twice([twais]adv.兩次, 兩倍), twiddle (with…v.玩弄, 旋弄,捻), twill
& F% |0 a" T4 m$ C ([twil]n.斜紋織物vt.把...織成斜紋adj.
4 u$ d) s U6 e- H 斜紋織物的), twine ([twain]n.合股線, 細繩, 麻線, 搓v.搓, 織, 編飾, (使)纏繞), 6 [) S' g1 O) W3 J4 x" T5 j
twinge([twindV]n.一陣一陣痛, 如刺一樣痛, 劇痛vt.使一陣一陣痛, 刺痛), twinkle ' [: O6 Y* W3 m5 r' Y
([5twiNkl]v.閃爍, 閃耀, (使)閃光n.閃爍, 發(fā)光, 牛眼), twist([twist]n.一扭, 扭曲,手法, 7 u/ }7 |4 F, k% q4 y
螺旋狀vt.擰, 扭曲, 絞, 搓, 捻, 使苦惱, 使轉(zhuǎn)動, vi.扭彎, 扭曲, 纏繞, 扭動, 呈螺旋形),two,
% i/ t& P0 D2 P) E thr---[ ] three, thread(線，細絲, 線索, 思路, 螺紋), threaten(恐嚇, 威脅),
8 W) C" R6 t0 E& W' C! l3 l9 } threnode (哀歌), thrive(興旺, 繁榮, 茁壯成長, 旺盛), throw(扔，拋，投，摔，擲，丟), through
& L8 g9 ]. i; _8 h; e6 t (通過，穿過，透過/〔時間〕從…的開始到末了，從頭到尾；〔場5 N+ n8 D! p' D. I( @
所〕到處，全面), throat (咽喉, 喉嚨, 嗓音, 窄路), throne (王座, 君主), throstle (=wood 8 s8 f) {9 S+ n+ w0 C
thrush畫眉鳥), thruput(吞吐量), thrust(力推, 沖, 插入, 擠進, 刺, 戳),
" x1 g0 v$ t+ c/ n8 G- I/ K* t+ i" t thrypsis([5Wripsis]粉碎性骨折),2 N R$ g7 I6 q1 W: H
*****************************************************************
. ~+ y) e/ s5 R' |, ]
) K) q+ D# g; j4 d u 提前練一練，看看有何難。小測試：
+ r4 c1 R: w S) X7 K- f3 ? 1). 見字讀音: 寫出下列單詞的音標。* i. z- C* q- y5 C9 g- X/ @: {4 d
class [ ] this [ ] your [ ] you [ ] here [ ] 6 D; d) i; }3 s' `0 Q( [: }
Sandy [ ] Crisp [ ]
& {$ q a5 z4 \; h 2). 音義結(jié)合：寫出下列讀音所對應的漢語意義。; o [; M. u: D" H
[klB:s] _______; [hiE] ______; [blu:] ______; [sku:lbAg]
" U$ f# r; W7 {0 k' l- B* {" c6 f ___________; [kQm] ______;+ s* ?# ]6 R) o m
3). 聽音寫字：根據(jù)音標寫單詞。% `1 }1 K& K% U2 O3 D
[klB:s] _______; [hiE] ______; [blu:] ______; [sku:lbAg]
" F/ X5 f$ A) V ___________; [kQm] ______;
4 ~7 ^% n0 ^4 M1 `1 O [hu:z] ________ [it] ___ [pli:z] ________ [daun] _______ [`ru:lE]
3 F% M, j7 } E; i- k _ _______ [kQm] ____2 g9 ]$ W/ M4 J0 c
4). 形義結(jié)合：英漢互譯（即，寫出對應的英語或漢語意思）。0 ^& r6 K3 Z! D1 [: P8 ~* I
her -____; thank-_______; 定冠詞/ 這個或那個-______; 書-______; rubber : |5 r4 m$ y. g0 O X6 K" e
-_______;
% R4 Z5 D& w+ _1 i" c 小姐 -______; 帽子 -_____; Sit down please. ________; Thank you. : S% c3 |( j* Y
_______; Here you are.
6 \: _" P. L E* X0 @ _________; Yes, it is. ________; Come here, please. ___________; , a) g3 \# E% p0 x- q; v0 I
字母L的兩種讀音口訣：音節(jié)開頭發(fā)清音[l -], 音節(jié)末尾模糊音[- l],
) W; w+ D7 G+ f. m$ R ~; w) f [l - ] lazy, like, look, long, lubber ([`lQbE] adj.粗笨的, 笨拙的n.傻大個), 1 j% A! `+ Z& J Y
black, please, clock, color, toilet, holiday, English, Italian, H6 p* p5 K1 s# Y4 A' J3 j
nationality, lollipop,
+ n/ w( Q8 Q% |! Z [- l ] girl[E:l], ball [C:l], small, school[u:l], well[el], smell, ( ]1 U9 a6 n* \# R- v( \% D2 \
level[(E)l], smile[ail], hill[il], old[Eul], cold, child[ail], 1 O7 N, l( @ z/ s0 k4 B: y( W
children [il], full [ul], beautiful [ul], apple [pl], people, pupil, / P7 @3 p: ~% J* d( x6 z/ G) N# v
table [bl], impossible, label ((貼)標簽), little [tl], bottle, title, # S; e; ^9 U. g- j9 a' |
middle [dl], cradle(搖籃),bicycle [kl], eagle [gl], pencil [sl], 5 X& M% l$ h* N" @0 \4 u$ e; R
puzzle [-zl], dazzle[5dAzl](眩目，晃眼，耀眼), 4 r$ s/ t7 X% P, Z- e' W$ c
常見音節(jié)尾音總結(jié)：[i:l / il / el/ Al / Ql / El / E:l / C:l / Cl / u:l / ul /
' M; m( r) ^& m ail / eil / Cil / iEl / uEl / aul / Eul / ]2 o+ w4 w* R2 s% P+ z' z: }
[-pl / -bl / -tl / -dl / -kl / -gl / -fl / -vl / -sl / -zl / ] d1 _8 q: o* P% ]- w
[-pEl / -bEl / -tEl / -dEl / -kEl / -gEl / -fEl / -vEl / " S) u- p, p3 q( o" m ^' D- z
-sEl / -zEl ]
2 v$ H4 e- k1 w& _) t G3 e 元音字母a e i(y) o u 的發(fā)音口訣： 元音字母音多變，熟記規(guī)則也不難。
! h$ C6 c( I' R* C( s1 t9 a% j J 重開音節(jié)多長音，[ei][i:][ai][Eu][ju:/u:]來拼；重閉音節(jié)/輕音短，[A][e][C][Q][E]8 s/ [" y, q& }
a接r /ss常發(fā)[B:/A], 還有[ei][A] [C/C:] [E]。e的發(fā)音首數(shù)[e]，空尾/重[i:]輕[E]。
$ H8 t$ N3 ?) q% { 重開音節(jié)i發(fā)[ai]，重閉/輕音短[E]。o發(fā)長音[Eu][C:][u:]，短音[Q][C][E] one殊。4 G* X, y; Z6 k& h" V; t* h" z7 n Z- I
u字多發(fā) [ju:]和[Q]，忙碌busy(i)加[u:]。y頭發(fā)[j]重讀[ai]，輕音/結(jié)尾變來。
) w! ^4 r7 X+ [) M+ B& Q" D ay ,ey, o/uy，多發(fā)[ei],[Ci][ai]。r前元音常卷舌，S后弱音須強化。1 p8 n1 { j, X2 f9 u- [ e6 _
相近發(fā)音不規(guī)則，省力順口是關鍵。相近/強化加弱化，使得元音多變化。, ?! K3 i* t! d0 M( Y
例詞：, r0 H' q' s9 }4 T7 e
a--- [/ ei / B:/ A/ C:/ C/ E/ i / ] 強化音[ei]，弱化音[E]a接r /ss常發(fā)[B:/A], ) ~- i; z# t3 }- i' Z
還有[ei][A] [C/C:] [E]。
q y8 K! m7 O4 d" E- c9 ~ name [ei], table [ei], car [B:], park [B:], class [B:], basket
6 q8 l$ g& u/ \# Y [B:/A], as [A], ass [A], father [B:], afterward(s) [B:/E](然后, 后來),
1 ]( U: K% p E# w/ L3 t u dollar [E],cap [A], catch [A], grammar [A/E], America [E], asleep, $ w, \1 g w* w0 W' u, I. Q% [
alone, afraid, banana [E /B:/E], woman [E], water [C:], watch [C],
2 o2 ?. U& ~- q! v# i& N what [C], war [C:], orange ,
+ L( o8 [# v' F8 m3 M. g e--- [/ i:/ e/ i / E/ -*(詞尾空音) / ] 強化音[i:]，弱化音[E/ i ] 7 A) A' z L* d( t, V- X' J
e的發(fā)音首數(shù)[e]，空尾/重[i:]輕[E]。5 p5 H1 j0 L5 H* p& i. f7 e0 U+ X8 L
he [i:], she [i:], we [i:], me [i:], evening [i:], red [e], 9 y: k+ ]" r/ ~6 [3 d, A
pencil [e], empty [e], desk [e], umbrella [e], French [e], basket / X2 R$ y$ p# o( N% [; \- J6 n
, women , pretty , the [E / i:], children [E], open [E],
1 Z8 Y; l) T% J+ r5 R hundred [E / i:],
& {3 d# L2 o# @4 q6 e0 e' W6 l / -*(詞尾空音) /---- whose [z], house , nice , face , white - S0 y! ]. m+ Z- G
[t], name [m], give [v], side [d], wake [k], prize [z], fine [n], : X; s4 h5 x! {0 m" q! y
tube , orange [dV], employee [i:] (職工, 雇員, 店員), apple [pl], table
* C3 M( F8 @! K$ w; D6 [; j [bl], little [tl], middle [dl], bicycle [kl], eagle [gl](鷹), 0 x9 N( g D# r* r; \
i--- [ /ai / i:/ i / E / ] 強化音[ai/i:]，弱化音[E/ i] 重開音節(jié)發(fā)[i:
* J2 l2 I) O) n7 J /ai]，重閉/輕音短[E]。8 Q8 P A7 {6 ]/ ~4 S$ y, ?
right [ai], bicycle [ai], white [ai], police [i:], this , 7 A$ \5 \" Y$ X$ [3 q
which , his ,building , beautiful [E], holiday [E], 2 I# v& r6 f2 L8 Q
o--- [ /Eu/ Q/ C/ C:/u:/ u / E / wQ-] 強化音[Eu/ C:/u:]，弱化音[E]+ u i6 {3 Y2 X- z7 o2 V
o發(fā)長音[Eu][C:][u:]，短音[Q][C][E] one殊。* P! x `2 A y D O
no [Eu], cold [Eu], those [Eu], come [Q], some [Q], mother [Q], 6 g/ o/ d2 }! Z9 {; Q* n
brother [Q], son [Q], month [Q], dog [C], not [C], hot [C], sorry
- Y+ F2 d# }6 [- J( K1 S4 @ [C], shop [C], locker [C], box [C], orange [C:], whose [u:], who 7 Z2 y" S% v3 k$ L) M8 @
[u:], do [u:], to [u:], two [u:], woman , policeman [E], today
( d4 T1 _1 r$ Q* i6 I+ j3 v- ` [E], occasion [E](場合, 時機, 機會), aeroplane [E], // one [wQn], once
6 H. S, ~7 d$ ~- s5 `1 L [wQns], reservoir [`rezEvwB:], X" n5 l( a; i
u--- [ /ju:/ Q / u / u: /i / ] 強化音[ju:/u:]，弱化音u字多發(fā) 0 g9 {( a' T! [" `% [$ a9 B. s
[ju:]和[Q]，忙碌busy(i)加[u:]。4 l/ h# y+ R! B* B# t
use [ju:], usually [ju:], tube [ju:], music [ju:], pupil [ju:],
4 y/ g3 |- h7 V' G+ o- t- _, R rubber [Q], umbrella [Q], mum [Q], hungry [Q], bus [Q], just [Q],cup
% K+ \3 k/ k6 t1 Q [Q],put , full , pull , ruler [u:],Sue [u:],blue + L( _: g- p- E5 q2 ]* p
[u:],minute , busy
& E9 T0 D( g" _1 [% e" v
' r& Q D5 y5 ~+ y y--- [ /ai / j / i /] 強化音[ai]，弱化音 y頭發(fā)[j]重讀[ai]，輕音/結(jié)尾變來。
1 E4 `. z4 u! B5 G2 z" m& O y' s your [j], you [j], yes [j], yellow [j], young [j], my [ai], why
, e' `. E. A4 ~" w# l! v" { [ai], tyre [ai], style [ai], fry [ai], cry [ai], bicycle , baby 7 o5 F5 v3 r( |; }1 z' r
, ready , hungry , very , thirsty , empty , busy
4 O# {, g) I% Q& N3 L0 f. {: g , body , slowly ,
) g; D/ U% @6 Q# V C0 m$ J 常見元音字母組合發(fā)音口訣： 字母組合固定音，常受影響發(fā)音變；千錘百煉習語感。
3 ]6 t" A7 o2 c$ U! I2 X- [ 組合愛發(fā)長/雙元(音(重讀音節(jié)))；常受影響發(fā)音變；為了順口圖方便，近似發(fā)音相變換。
# R8 U' l5 a {. S ~2 X& Y 另有強化加弱化，多個字母省略念。外來/古語不規(guī)則(發(fā)音)，熟讀百遍字腔圓。
+ t$ X/ v9 x) L4 L( @. n a--- ay [ei] day, say, play, way, weekday, birthday, // * |. Q8 W3 K$ a, V9 a
Sunday, Monday, …; L7 I4 N* I A. G
ar [B:] car, star, farm, are, park, garlic, // [E] dollar, / K. |) M; i1 [; D8 ?3 j4 L
collar, grammar, particular [pE`tikju:lE], - k& k& m5 o& D; B+ M8 }$ F- {& D
al [C:] all, ball, small, hall, walk, chalk, // [B:] half,
0 a5 ~+ ?3 J6 l [C:l / Al / El ]非組合式的情況：although[C:l], alga [`AlgE](藻類, 海藻), algal
1 V7 }/ a( V1 X% R [`AlgEl](adj.海藻的), algebra [Al`dVibrE] (代數(shù)學), signal
+ l5 ?" P, F7 M, m: X) M. n: i- D [lsigEl](信號/發(fā)信號, 用信號通知),
) O1 e' {' ~% [' g+ m au [C:] daughter, fault, audience, cause, August[`C:gEst] (八月),
2 {# l. s' z/ N3 S$ w9 n M O august [C:`gQst](令人敬畏的, 威嚴的),
. B0 {$ r1 R h4 @ [C] because, [au] kraut(泡菜), [B:] laugh,
/ N7 c3 h; o# N. x/ J! |5 U8 _ air [ZE] air, chair, hair, pair, fair, 7 @6 j( C8 X8 z& w- R
ai [ei] aid, aim, rain, afraid, wait, maid, straight, faith ; U9 b. [6 q8 ?$ a9 R
(信念, 宗教信仰, 忠實,),
+ z, o' z5 e7 g8 m1 V aw [C:] draw, law, saw, awful, raw, 2 ?7 ~$ P7 K! y6 `) l# {
e--- ea [i:] teacher, tea, eat, meat, read, clean, heal, [e] bread, - ]! Z( c( S( u! p" |) C: X
breakfast, head, [ei] great, break, steak,
' q) v7 r1 O5 E ee [i:] meet, teeth, see, three, green, week, freezing, queen,6 ~7 D+ a, o* L g, @' a% V- O ]
ei [ei] eight, weigh, weight, [i:] receive, ceiling, deceit % m; ?3 J( |) w9 J: M
(n.欺騙, 謊言), deceive(v. 欺騙, 謊言), receipt (收條, 收據(jù), 收到), perceive ( Z: ^% T- Q- S% ?( e K- O% _! f
(v.察覺感知, 感到), conceit (原義;自負, 幻想),
. |) x+ {9 L3 D2 |6 ?7 k er [E:] her, herd(獸群, 牧群/放牧), emergency (緊急情況, 緊急突發(fā)事件, 非常時刻,),
: t: X2 ~9 g+ Z6 Y# U& D) @ [E] teacher, sister, brother, farmer, worker, letter, over,
7 e2 L2 i' i1 L' R/ W ear [iE] ear, hear, near, year, fear, earwig (偷聽者), [ZE] pear,
( f; Q8 u% H; o& v% l, M4 m- } wear, swear(宣誓, 發(fā)誓), 6 g) ^2 N, d+ E1 \
[E:] early, earth, earn, 6 j) _8 ?' v) S# }+ r. U F
ere [iE] here, sphere (球體), hemisphere (半球), [ZE] there, ere
( W5 Y& j) I+ @' h (prep/conj. 前于...; 在...以前),
z( \: q: p5 h5 n eir [ZE] their,
7 r2 F0 C4 `. M" R' \' u eer [iE] beer, deer, cheer(歡呼/喝彩), sneer(冷笑,譏笑), jeer(譏諷嘲弄), $ c/ ^3 g7 N* u, F% o }" Q$ L( f# F
engineer, ,
' J- v+ p$ o# X+ _2 w0 i/ h+ g ey [ei] they, grey, hey,
4 a# v) A7 s8 u$ r, m ew [ju:] new, few, hew(砍), view(景色, 風景, 觀點, 見解), ewe (母羊), 9 S# `6 I" }6 _% R8 Y# |# K& p
i--- ir [E:] girl, sir, thirsty, shirt, skirt, first, thirty,
9 D7 `9 ?/ ~7 b5 U whirl((使)旋轉(zhuǎn)), stir (轟動, 激起,攪動),, h8 j z. D1 d
ie [i:] piece, niece(侄女, 甥女), field, thief, believe, belief, . j0 R/ m6 i7 U$ p7 l. B. c8 o, {
achieve(完成, 達到), chief(首領, 領袖, 酋長, 長官//主要的, 首要的, 首席的, 主任的), 1 ^! y7 p+ a* K9 b g
grief(悲痛, 傷心事, 不幸, 憂傷), relief((痛苦等的)減輕), . k8 a( m- X8 y7 H" L
ire [aiE] tire(輪胎；使勞累), tired(累的，疲勞的), wire(金屬絲, 電線),
$ z/ J1 d0 P* X igh [ai] right, light, fight, might(也許, 或許; 可能), night, knight,
: v+ w. A* |) L. Z o--- or [C:] or, for, fork, morning, short, torch, more, [E:]
. G* i: a, }6 [2 u work, worker, [E] actor, doctor, forget, " f% x. u) w8 S9 g, M0 c, q. v
oa [Eu] boat, coat, goat, goal,
8 M2 z( E! _9 a oo [u:]school, food, too, room, tooth, spoon, moon, boot, root, - z5 u9 I& M6 o, w; ~0 h
wool, mood(心情, 情緒, 語氣, 狀態(tài)),
: ~1 Q- g7 D2 r' a8 K book, look, cook, good, football, foot [Q] blood, flood, " |8 d' x3 v( A) d: C) u
ou [au] house, blouse, trousers, mouse, mouth, south, ouch, out, 4 |( y8 T! ^; K
our, hour, flour, sour, mountain, % u& D) X! J/ N/ n+ z
[Q] young, touch, rough(粗糙的, 粗略的, 大致的, 粗野的), [u:] you, through,
6 x; `& _2 o) T, h$ v rouge [ru:V](擦口紅/胭脂), would, could, should, [C:] cough,
* Q* U3 O J; y. x; z; K* x1 @ ow [au] brown, down, how, now, towel, tower, [Eu] yellow, bowl,
. `5 K9 J% Z* f# _ show, blow, snow, throw" T4 i D# |: ?, f5 b
oy/oi [Ci] boy, toy, enjoy, employ, // noise, noisy, toilet,
, I h4 C& J( j% {1 V& w/ U: R oil, boil,
6 _/ ]8 r- e2 `" u" T! t' F) o( x, q our [au] our, flour(面粉) [C:] your, four, course,
+ T' h( X+ _3 Y0 e1 f ore [C:] before, more, forehead, foresee, B4 N% Y: D' o# A5 o) G4 t
oor [C:/ JE]/ door, floor, moor(荒野;停泊, 系住),
/ u# c& u, m$ n! d8 V. s* ?+ z u--- ur [E:] turn, Thursday, hurt, fur, urge, further, urban (城市的,
: I7 {) w: Z# V4 x( Q& Z- [) Z# M 市內(nèi)的), suburb, suburbia (郊區(qū)居民),
' o: H6 m) E! \ ure picture, future[tFE], // sure[FuE], //pleasure, 9 ]* B- ]' }. Y/ D
measure[VE],
/ {& X1 N7 A. A8 y2 T ua [JE] usual, usually, February, graduate [`grAdJEt](大學)畢業(yè)生, . e! k2 J7 o: P4 }: {9 ]9 @+ h# e' a
研究生),
) I2 q2 n# T) M& K5 Z 非組合發(fā)音： graduate [`grAdjJeit] (v. (使)(大學)畢業(yè)), [jJE]January,
; g9 P2 @% Y+ {0 k* w- |1 j uy [ai] buy, guy,
; b s" R! w$ n) o, c$ B + @, w9 h% j2 d2 E0 H% @; N. j
五、音節(jié)、音節(jié)的結(jié)構(gòu)和類型、音節(jié)劃分、音節(jié)重音和拼讀：$ k; E2 K5 H4 E; i: n% k
1. 音節(jié)就是英文單詞字母(或發(fā)音)的排列單位，一個單位算一節(jié)。連讀起來輕重緩急，流利有節(jié)奏，便于聽說閱讀。
% s$ d0 `; b1 e& _ 2. 音節(jié)的結(jié)構(gòu)、類型：口訣：
) Z% w/ P, w6 c! k/ {, q P 完全結(jié)構(gòu)頭中尾(音頭/音中/音尾)，元音字母占中央(包含組合)，缺頭少尾有開閉(音節(jié))，e尾/成音/r音節(jié)。
+ l. I6 e2 _( j/ i% W& v( |; W 開音節(jié)/閉音節(jié)：以元音或不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的叫開音節(jié)，以輔音結(jié)尾的是閉音節(jié)。
3 K! K" l# L1 g" L 開音節(jié)(詞) ：[以開音節(jié)結(jié)尾] a, area, tea, by, day, no, boy, buy, grey, ba*by,
$ L8 W& q+ Q# S1 K8 z ru*ler, rub*ber, fa*ther, the, she, we, he, bee, ta*ble, ap*ple,
) E: {' {- o6 [/ U7 f0 l name, bi*cy*cle, banana, orange, some, ) J9 E& H Z1 ]8 z% Q3 a( x* H
閉音節(jié)(詞)：bas*ket, bag, cap, class, miss, cross, rain, ti*red, bed, 8 s0 m, V+ `0 E% Y
red, yes, egg, sit, it, begin(開始), hot, not, boat, boil(沸騰，煮沸，激動),
! i4 o6 t7 i0 d5 ^) f cup, sun, cut, put, but, mutton(羊肉), meet, woman, : _/ }# o* D# ~5 x4 u# i
r音節(jié)：元音字母(a e i o u) + r構(gòu)成的獨立的音節(jié)，也可以前后加輔音字母共同構(gòu)成音節(jié)。6 Z+ n/ k l" V# \& w8 d) B
例如：far(遠的), arm, er (嗯~), her, tea*cher, ru*ler, sir, girl, ! d) |6 T9 _1 {. q
stir(轟動, 激起), or, for(為了，對于，因為，適合), short, fur(毛皮), turn, // 4 d* c: X7 k% P L
ar?ti?cle(文章), or?der (命令, 定購, 定制；次序, 順序,秩序), ur?gent (急迫的, 緊急的),
3 k) o4 h/ t2 I9 g6 P ur?ban (城市的, 市內(nèi)的), . N) {- D! X& o- @7 K( f! ]# K
成音節(jié)： 輔音字母(有時跟不發(fā)音/弱化音的元音字母) + l, m, n, (常常帶有不發(fā)音的e)可算作一個音節(jié)。: z- B# ]: C& z' W
例如：la?bel ((貼)標簽), pu?pil, pen?cil [sl], ta?ble, bi?cy?cle,
6 H5 T, b2 @: A' j lit?tle [tl], ap?ple [pl], 1 Q5 V! P3 f* m2 u
peo?ple, # ^6 S# w( R1 f5 u% B. T
3. 劃分音節(jié)口訣：
: J# M5 N7 @4 j% J 音節(jié)中心看母音，輔音要向兩邊站。中心之間輔音連，一靠后,二分手；多個中間偏左右，字母組合算一個(音)。多音節(jié)尾 -l -m
5 r8 n: _ O3 q –n(e)，前有輔音成音節(jié)。
2 i- \ g% {7 A7 q. N 例子：學會一眼識破音節(jié)數(shù)目，運用語音規(guī)則，做到見字讀音。
' ]9 D8 S1 K( i+ ]4 c+ x4 Q 閉音節(jié)：pen [pen], cap [kAp], bas*ket [`bB:skit], green [gri:n], book : z+ H! J/ M' x8 d2 U4 Y
[buk], and [And], eat [i:t],+ Z* B/ H( h0 }2 g+ \- R! I3 o6 f
開音節(jié)：he [hi:], she [Fi:], tea [ti:],my [mai], tea?cher [`ti:tFE],
2 o c! D# N! a* C; w; x/ ~ rea?dy [`redi], Ju?ly [`dVu(:)lai],
+ `1 m1 u' G4 G3 H0 }' P ru?ler [`ru:lE], her [hE:],
' b0 }" N" |1 v& x 成音節(jié)： ta?ble [`teibl], ap?ple [pl], bot?tle [tl], mid?dle [dl], 5 O, }2 S3 i) E9 s- h
bi?cy?cle [`baisikl], pen?cil [sl], M9 m& P/ s! V" g$ Q
se?ven [`sevn], e?le?ven [i `lev(E)n],
: v. x+ p, a- f8 M0 r, p 不發(fā)音的e 尾：come [kQm], please [pli:z], whose [hu:z], nice [nais], name 3 E; i: Y8 ~- }. P! _: V$ s5 q
[neim], give [giv],（開音節(jié)的外形，多讀長音。）. N: {. D6 X. n( U6 l2 U ~
4.
. r7 _* B/ w3 Z, [$ x% d+ h 單詞重音（重音符號ˊ）：雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)詞中常常重讀一個音節(jié)，其它讀輕音。遇到生詞，有音標當然省事，但在無音標的情況下，至于哪個音節(jié)要重讀，由于英語詞源、構(gòu)詞、例外情況等諸多因素限制，不可能將每個生詞讀的完全無誤。只能掌握的一般規(guī)律：0 F* N2 E* y2 n( {; Q- B/ x0 T( T
重音口訣： / c) T2 V9 D! v6 q
為了順口有節(jié)奏，張口由大變到小(省氣力)，大口/長音多重讀，還要保持身平衡(整個單詞發(fā)音)，特別寫法長又多(特別是寫法很長的多音節(jié)詞)，倒數(shù)第三多琢磨。(一般是)前輕---中重----后又輕。哪兒平順哪(兒)讀重。
0 q* ]$ p F( f! c! T9 E 一般具體做法是：① 單音節(jié)都重讀；這類單詞很多。例如：meet, and, class, which, house, bread0 E9 Q% J( c3 i; r# r8 k2 i/ Z
② 雙音節(jié)詞 ▲ (發(fā)長音或大口音重讀, 這類單詞很多，例如：`teacher [`ti:tFE], `ruler [`ru:lE],
- p" h# z* m& `* c' g5 ` `basket [`bB:skit], `apple [`Apl], `table [`teibl],tired [`taiEd],
. g4 E. n: I- b x/ D, h7 Y `lazy [`leizi], `open [`EupEn], // `sorry [`sCri], Ju`ly, pre`fer, ) D1 x' K( L5 ~2 [, c0 B4 M
po`lice, to`day,
& B% L4 t# _) t+ ^5 C% L' `# _" d ▲ (兩音平(音長和張口大小接近的)開頭重讀; 這類單詞很多，例如：`rubber, `Sandy, `sandwich, 9 S8 j0 E" e* [
`pencil, `brother, woman, `sister, `ready, `hungry, `very, `busy,
) `+ d# n8 b2 l* j, q( ~, d `picture, `listen, `Betty, `empty, `pretty, clever [`klevE], letter 8 h" A' F; o# V; Z& D
[ `letE],
- B) ^ T+ b2 I% S n6 v7 X# M ▲ (帶前后綴多詞根重讀。例如：a`gain, a`loud, a`sleep, be`gin, be`fore, be`side, * e2 U# P2 R s
be`hind, /`quickly, `friendship, `boyish, `building, 2 t- {, o; F$ u4 z0 S" t0 A
④ 多音節(jié)詞倒數(shù)第三個元音字母(音節(jié))重讀。帶前后綴多詞根重讀。
/ L1 c, m$ z. q1 R" T 例如：`Italy,(I`talian), A`merican, `beautiful, natio`nality, " W7 m8 z. X% ?' I( B$ B' |
`exercise, `chocolate, `newspaper, // suddenly, inter`national, : r( K8 T: {# m. O* G/ _0 y$ \
`championship, `countable, `interesting, mechano`therapy (力學療法),
6 E9 n/ z. u- u0 ]* L* ^ ③ 合成詞保持開頭單詞的重音：例如：policeman, `pencil-box, `football, `ice-cream, # H0 K# {$ \" M1 J# S- y
`classroom, `schoolboy, `postman, `milkman, `tea-pot,
0 U1 n' @; g: [ `Jack-in-the-box, `hide-and-`seek, `snakes-and-`ladders,
4 R" _3 a5 H2 ?/ D- V/ C u 小測試：給下列單詞劃分音節(jié), 并拼讀出來。(單音節(jié)詞下劃線，多音節(jié)詞用豎線分割。)
b. j, C+ R) f; k' J 1). yes, here, sorry, yellow, football, brother, woman, sister,
/ q) K* m0 r [" t( C4 M, i hungry, very, thirsty, busy, tired, picture, quickly, evening,
9 L9 Q. }2 R. ?3 c empty, children, school, funny, actress, policewoman, open, clever, # o6 `8 @- ~- i5 F
heavy, banana, 2). exercise, beautiful, thick, light, small, French, . ?" R: M/ N' B- b |; T
: m; Q, b7 e0 i6 X1 j7 O
u / O9 O$ M; e, s
注意：這語音方面的技能需要在下面不斷練習，我們可以把教材里的單詞多多練習。一有時間就拿起教材進行訓練。天長日久，會取得你滿意的效果。 |
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