初中英語(yǔ)分類練習(xí) ——冠詞部分 【復(fù)習(xí)目標(biāo)】 ▲掌握定冠詞與不定冠詞的用法。 【課前準(zhǔn)備】 ●要求學(xué)生對(duì)冠詞的用法作一歸納。 【知識(shí)要點(diǎn)】 (一)不定冠詞a,an的用法如下: a用于輔音音素開(kāi)頭的詞前,an用于元音音素開(kāi)頭的詞前。 值得注意的是: A. 如果不定冠詞后面第一個(gè)詞以元音字母u開(kāi)頭就用a。例如university, useless, useful, unit, uniform。 B. 如果不定冠詞后面第一個(gè)詞以不發(fā)音的h開(kāi)頭,而h后面第一個(gè)音的音素是元音因素,就用an。例如hour, honest。 C. 如果不定冠詞和名詞前有其他詞,不定冠詞的形式仍取決于它后面第一個(gè)詞的語(yǔ)音形式。例如an actress, a beautiful actress。 1表示人或事物的某一類(含義相當(dāng)于一類事物的任何一個(gè)) A dictionary is a useful book. An underground train can start and stop quickly. 2用于表示數(shù)量、時(shí)間的名詞前,表示“一”的意思,但數(shù)的概念沒(méi)有one強(qiáng)烈。The plan will be ready in a day or two, once a week. 3.泛指某人或某物,但未具體說(shuō)明何人、何物,如: A boy is waiting for me. Give me a pen, please. 4用于某些固定短語(yǔ)中 如: a few, a little, a lot of, a number of, just a minute, in a hurry, for a while, for a long time, a cup of, a bottle of, have a rest, have a talk, have a fever, have a good time, have(take) a walk, have a toothache, take a bath, give a lesson (二)定冠詞用法如下: 定冠詞的用法如下: 1.指彼此都知道的人或事物,如: Open the door, please. Go and close the window. 2.特指某(些)人或某(些)事物,如: The girl in red is my sister. The man over there is our English teacher. The book on the desk is mine. 3.指前面提到過(guò)的人或事物,如: Here is a picture of a modern car factory. My father works in the factory. 4.用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級(jí)前,在方位詞前。如: The Nile is the longest river in the world. He won the first prize. The sun rises in the east. 5.用在某些名詞化的形容詞,過(guò)去分詞前,表示一類人或事物, 如: the rich, the sick, the new , the false 6.用在某些專用名詞前, 如: the Great Wall the People’s Republic of China the United Nations the Netherlands 7.在江河、海洋、山脈、湖泊、群島的名稱的前面,如: the North China Plain the Rocky Mountains the Yangtse River 8.在一些用語(yǔ)中,如: in the morning(/afternoon/evening), in the day, by the way, on the whole, the next morning, all the year around, the other day, at the same time
(三)不用冠詞的情況
1.專有名詞人名,地名,節(jié)日,月份,年份,星期和不可數(shù)名詞(一般指物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞)前一般不用冠詞。如: China, Beihai Park 2.名詞前面已有用作定語(yǔ)的 this, that, my, your, some, any , no等代詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí),不用冠詞。如: The letter is from my father. I have a book in my hand. 3.在復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示一類人或事物時(shí),如: Horses are useful animals. I like cakes. 4.在節(jié)日名稱,(稱呼語(yǔ)和表示官銜的名詞前)星期、月份、季節(jié)前。如: Today is Sunday. Spring is the best season in the year. Children’s Day 5.表示某一類人或事物的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前。 6.球類,棋類,語(yǔ)言,三餐,游戲名稱和顏色前不加冠詞。如: I like to play basketball. We have lunch at school. 7.在表示家庭成員名稱,稱呼語(yǔ),表示頭銜或職務(wù)的名詞前不加冠詞。 8. 在某些固定搭配和習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)中,如: go to school , be in hospital, be in prison 注意下列詞組的區(qū)別, in fort of與in the front of, in hospital與in the hospital, at table與at the table, go to school與go to the school, a number of children=many children, The number of children =孩子的數(shù)量 二、復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)需要注意的要點(diǎn) (1)在school, college, university, hospital, prison, church, class, table, bed等表示機(jī)構(gòu)名稱、組織名稱和家具的名詞前,用定冠詞和用不定冠詞意義有差異。用定冠詞強(qiáng)調(diào)處所,而不用定冠詞意義有所引申。比較: at table 就餐 at the table 坐在桌邊 go to school 去上學(xué) go to the school 去這個(gè)學(xué)校 in hospital 住院 in the hospital 在這家醫(yī)院 go to prison (違法而)進(jìn)監(jiān)獄 go to the prison 到監(jiān)獄 go to church 做禮拜 go to the church 到教堂 in class 在課堂上 in the class 在班級(jí)里 (2)在某些詞前用不同冠詞(定冠詞、不定冠詞和零冠詞),意義大不相同,例如: a little/few 有一點(diǎn) little/few 幾乎沒(méi)有 a number of 許多 the number of ……的數(shù)目 in front of 在……前面 in the front of 在……前部 take place 發(fā)生 take the place of 代替 out of the question 根本不可能 out of question 沒(méi)有問(wèn)題 the most beautiful 最漂亮 most beautiful 非常漂亮 for a moment 片刻 for the moment 暫時(shí)
實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練 一、例題選講
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